milgram shock sq3r

Stanley Milgram, Yale 1963 an experiment focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience

experiement, yale, 1963 justification genocide, nuremburg war criminals holocaust following orders from superiors

aim: how far to obey instructions

advertised for participants, paired with another person, it was not random assignment of shocker (teacher) and shockee (learner). participant was always teacher, and Milgram's confederates (pretending to be a participant) was always student pretending to feel pain at the shocks 65% to 450 volts for wrong answers. conclusion, ordinary people follow authority to killing innocent persons

agency theory Milgram 1974: autonomous state - directs own actions, takes responsibility. agentic state - allows others to direct, passes responsibility

variations: uniform, change of location, two teacher, touch proxzimity, social support, absent experiementer,

critical eval; lab conditions not real life. biased sample all men. volunteer personality

ethical issues - deception shocking real person not a fellow. protection of participants potential psychological harm. debrief participants fully and follow up. right to withdrawal