31 Matching Annotations
  1. Mar 2026
    1. Several studies report women physicians to have better communication skills.

      from personal experience I agree with this. whenever I go to a new doctors office I usually always request a female doctor. this is first because I feel more comfortable and secondly I do think that have better communication, and I think part of that comes from the fact that they can relate to some of my experiences so its easier for them to understand. from what Ive seen with my brothers and that this is the same for them and male doctors

    2. The authors concluded that the race of the patient influenced the likelihood of receiving these procedures

      this makes me think back to the film we watched and how it explained that white people were higher on the list to have big surgery's like this done, pushing people of color back. I think that this is unjust, it should not matter the color of someones skin, whoever needs a surgery, especially in the very present, should have every right and equal chance to receive it

    3. Based on responses to a series of questions, the authors placed each patient in one of four categories:
      1. pre contemplation: no intention to change behavior
      2. contemplation: aware of problem and thinking about changing
      3. preparation: intention and behavioral criteria
      4. action: modifying behavior and experiences along with this, there is a fifth stage that is not listed and that is
      5. maintenance: work to prevent relapse
    4. The Biomedical Model.

      the biomedical model focuses on the disease or illness being treated while the biopsychosocial model focuses on the person and all aspects of their life, such as social, psychological and behavioral dimensions

    5. Parsons felt that this asymmetrical relationship was both inevitable and beneficial and that three circumstances dictated it.

      this relationship between physicians and patients is asymmetrical for the most part due to professional prestige, situational authority, and situational dependency

    6. Today nursing remains a woman-dominated occupation—90.5 percent of RNs and 91.8 percent of LPN/LVNs were women in 2020

      wow I did not realized that the percentage was this high for women nurses

    7. Key Roles of Nurses

      nurses play important roles such as caregivers and integrators, however they also play the difficult rules of being caring individuals that directly interact with patients, professionals with important jobs that requires special competence, and work under the direction of physicians

    8. The nursing profession today constitutes the largest segment of the US health care workforce with over 4.3 million nurses

      This makes sense do to the fact that in order for hospitals and health care centers to run smoothly they must have a large staff, along with this, the fact that there are three different main types of nurses also plays a role

  2. Feb 2026
    1. When talking to the patient, many doctors do not make eye contact, are not attentive, and are very abrupt—these are the behaviors that students observe.

      When it is worded like this to read about it just sounds rude, however it makes sense for doctors to behave this way to ensure they hold that detached concern. If doctors did not have this detached concern then with every patient they would build a strong bond with, therefore making it harder for them if something bad were to happen to the patient.

    2. Renée Fox (1957) identified three kinds of uncertainty that confront students as they progress through medical school.

      Within their first year students are becoming aware that it is not possible to master all of the facts they are learning, they then become aware that the knowledge they are learning is incomplete, and lastly they start the find limitations when it comes to answering patient questions (whether that is lack of their own knowledge or just lack of knowledge within the field)

    3. The availability of protective or harmful consumer products (e.g., tobacco, high-fat foods, sterile needles, condoms, alcohol—both price-wise and geographic convenience). Physical structures/physical characteristics of products (e.g., childproof medical containers, seat belts, well-lit neighborhood streets, nearby parks). Social structures and policies (e.g., enforcement of fines for selling tobacco to underage persons, provision of community day care services). Media and cultural messages

      the four health-related macro-level factors that directly impact individual behaviors

    4. For both adults and children, non-Hispanic Blacks have the highest rates of obesity

      This makes me think back to the documentary we watched last week. One of the main points from the documentary was that people of color living in worse off neighborhoods do not have the same opportunity or options for healthy food, and with that they are being forced to buy cheaper, unhealthy food that is within their budget. Then then leads to not only negative health problems, but also problems like being overweight obese

    5. Correlates of Participation in HPBs.

      Factors such as: women, those with higher education levels, and those with more financial resources are more likely to engage in healthier lifestyles

    6. health relates to one’s ability to participate in everyday activities and to function fully—physically, socially, and emotionally. In this sense, health is a resource for everyday life. It is a positive concept that emphasizes social and personal resources as well as physical capacities

      health is explained by the ability to live your everyday life in a fully functioning way, this includes physically, socially, and emotionally.

    7. biomedical definition of health focuses solely on an individual’s physiological state and the presence or absence of symptoms. Health is defined simply as the absence of disease or physiological malfunction. It is not a positive state; rather, it is the absence of a negative state—if you’re not sick, you’re well.

      based solely on the fact that you are either well or are you are sick, its either a negative state or the absence of a negative state.

  3. Jan 2026
    1. Women perceive more symptoms, take them more seriously, and are more willing to see a physician about them. They are more likely to have a regular source of medical care, use more preventive care, see physicians more often, be prescribed medications, and be hospitalized

      This is something I have seen in my own life between my cousins, grandparents, siblings, and parents. There are a lot more females in my family who go to the doctor than males.

    2. In the early part of the twentieth century, there was little difference in LE between men and women, and by 1920, women lived only about two years longer than men.

      It is interesting how this number has changed and how it continues to change over time. It is also interesting how in some agricultural societies men live longer than women, however it makes sense because of all of the work women are set to do.

    3. and this decline was largely limited to those without a four-year college degree (Case and Deaton 2021). The LE gap between those with and without a Bachelor’s degree is now bigger than the gap between Blacks and whites, meaning that “Black people with a BA are currently closer to White people with a BA than to Black people without a BA”

      The fact there is a difference between having a bachelors degree and not having one in relation to LE is very surprising, along with this the fact that the difference within and between difference races is also interesting.

    4. SES, race, gender, and sexuality are four key systems of stratification that sort people into social hierarchies. These hierarchies, and where one is located within them, affect access to important resources that can bolster health and longevity

      Important explanation of hierarchies and how they work. They are made up of four systems, SES, race, gender, and sexuality.

    5. For example, people with better income, knowledge, and access to medical providers can use those resources to protect against breast cancer. They can use their income to live in an area free of major carcinogens; their knowledge to exercise or eat healthy food; and their access to medical providers to obtain yearly mammograms and, if breast cancer is detected, to initiate life-saving treatment

      While I understand that this is how it is and why it is like this, I still think that it is very unfair. Some people do not control the situations they are placed into, or the amount of money they make, and because of that they have to deal with getting whatever kind of care they can, even if it isn't very helpful. I think that everyone deserves equal chances and equal accessibility, and I wish that was something that would become present in our society

    6. causing this surge

      The causes for the surge in new infectious diseases are population growth, increased travel, climate change, deforestation, natural habitat loss, the global trade in wildlife and the production of animals for food. This was included in the formation of a new stage called the re-emergence of infectious disease.

    7. epidemiological transition, Omran (1971) divided the mortality experience of humankind into three stages

      I think it is important to note and understand how the transition in epidemiology was not just over one thing super fast, it was a process that has now been divided into three specific stages.

    8. Today epidemiologists subscribe to a “web of causation” approach, which recognizes that most disease patterns must be explained by multiple factors involving the disease agent, the human host, the social and physical environment, and social systems

      how epidemiologists today explain diseases. they look as the human themselves, the social environment and systems, and the physical environment. To describe and understand disease patterns, there are multiple factors that must be looked at and studied.

    9. Three grand theoretical orientations (meaning all-encompassing) have dominated the field of sociology.

      The three main theories in sociology: functionalism which focuses on how society works together, the conflict theory which explains how class conflict controls society, and lastly symbolic interactionism which focuses on interactions between people and how these interactions control society.

    10. medical sociology includes a focus on health (in the positive sense of social, psychological, and emotional wellness), healing (the personal and institutional responses to perceived disease and illness), and illness (as an interference with health).

      Medical sociology is more than just focusing on medicine, it also focuses on health, healing, and illness. This is an importance sentence to clarify what is meant by this term.

    11. important for understanding their experiences

      I think that it is important to look at individual conditions before judging someone for doing/not doing something. This is something that should've been put into play a lot more when the vaccine first came out. I think that many people were judged based on if they did or did not have the vaccine, even though some had some personal reasons as to if they were/were not getting it/

    12. It is the discipline with primary responsibility for studying social interaction among people, groups and organizations, and social institutions, and examining how these interactions influence and are influenced by the larger culture and social structure of society.

      Definition of sociology put into simpler words

    13. the difference between the number of all deaths in a given timeframe minus the number expected under normal conditions based on prior years

      This is an important definition of excess mortality. It helps my understanding of how death rates are counted and how they can find the difference between what the rate is and what it would've been if there were normal circumstances. This puts into perspective how damaging pandemics really are

    14. (WHO) reported an official global death toll of over 6 million, while the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported US deaths exceeding 1 million.

      I think that seeing these numbers in writing is very important. This was definitely shocking for me to read, I always knew that COVID had caused a lot of deaths, however I never realized how high that number was. Along with this it is definitely interesting to see how these two different groups had such a difference in between the deaths they reported, I wonder what happened and why that is.