Women perceive more symptoms, take them more seriously, and are more willing to see a physician about them. They are more likely to have a regular source of medical care, use more preventive care, see physicians more often, be prescribed medications, and be hospitalized
This is something I have seen in my own life between my cousins, grandparents, siblings, and parents. There are a lot more females in my family who go to the doctor than males.
In the early part of the twentieth century, there was little difference in LE between men and women, and by 1920, women lived only about two years longer than men.
It is interesting how this number has changed and how it continues to change over time. It is also interesting how in some agricultural societies men live longer than women, however it makes sense because of all of the work women are set to do.
and this decline was largely limited to those without a four-year college degree (Case and Deaton 2021). The LE gap between those with and without a Bachelor’s degree is now bigger than the gap between Blacks and whites, meaning that “Black people with a BA are currently closer to White people with a BA than to Black people without a BA”
The fact there is a difference between having a bachelors degree and not having one in relation to LE is very surprising, along with this the fact that the difference within and between difference races is also interesting.
SES, race, gender, and sexuality are four key systems of stratification that sort people into social hierarchies. These hierarchies, and where one is located within them, affect access to important resources that can bolster health and longevity
Important explanation of hierarchies and how they work. They are made up of four systems, SES, race, gender, and sexuality.
For example, people with better income, knowledge, and access to medical providers can use those resources to protect against breast cancer. They can use their income to live in an area free of major carcinogens; their knowledge to exercise or eat healthy food; and their access to medical providers to obtain yearly mammograms and, if breast cancer is detected, to initiate life-saving treatment
While I understand that this is how it is and why it is like this, I still think that it is very unfair. Some people do not control the situations they are placed into, or the amount of money they make, and because of that they have to deal with getting whatever kind of care they can, even if it isn't very helpful. I think that everyone deserves equal chances and equal accessibility, and I wish that was something that would become present in our society
the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live and age”
examples of the social determinants of health
causing this surge
The causes for the surge in new infectious diseases are population growth, increased travel, climate change, deforestation, natural habitat loss, the global trade in wildlife and the production of animals for food. This was included in the formation of a new stage called the re-emergence of infectious disease.
epidemiological transition, Omran (1971) divided the mortality experience of humankind into three stages
I think it is important to note and understand how the transition in epidemiology was not just over one thing super fast, it was a process that has now been divided into three specific stages.
Today epidemiologists subscribe to a “web of causation” approach, which recognizes that most disease patterns must be explained by multiple factors involving the disease agent, the human host, the social and physical environment, and social systems
how epidemiologists today explain diseases. they look as the human themselves, the social environment and systems, and the physical environment. To describe and understand disease patterns, there are multiple factors that must be looked at and studied.
Three grand theoretical orientations (meaning all-encompassing) have dominated the field of sociology.
The three main theories in sociology: functionalism which focuses on how society works together, the conflict theory which explains how class conflict controls society, and lastly symbolic interactionism which focuses on interactions between people and how these interactions control society.
medical sociology includes a focus on health (in the positive sense of social, psychological, and emotional wellness), healing (the personal and institutional responses to perceived disease and illness), and illness (as an interference with health).
Medical sociology is more than just focusing on medicine, it also focuses on health, healing, and illness. This is an importance sentence to clarify what is meant by this term.
medical sociology
Important definition of medical sociology!
important for understanding their experiences
I think that it is important to look at individual conditions before judging someone for doing/not doing something. This is something that should've been put into play a lot more when the vaccine first came out. I think that many people were judged based on if they did or did not have the vaccine, even though some had some personal reasons as to if they were/were not getting it/
It is the discipline with primary responsibility for studying social interaction among people, groups and organizations, and social institutions, and examining how these interactions influence and are influenced by the larger culture and social structure of society.
Definition of sociology put into simpler words
the difference between the number of all deaths in a given timeframe minus the number expected under normal conditions based on prior years
This is an important definition of excess mortality. It helps my understanding of how death rates are counted and how they can find the difference between what the rate is and what it would've been if there were normal circumstances. This puts into perspective how damaging pandemics really are
(WHO) reported an official global death toll of over 6 million, while the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported US deaths exceeding 1 million.
I think that seeing these numbers in writing is very important. This was definitely shocking for me to read, I always knew that COVID had caused a lot of deaths, however I never realized how high that number was. Along with this it is definitely interesting to see how these two different groups had such a difference in between the deaths they reported, I wonder what happened and why that is.