15 Matching Annotations
  1. Apr 2023
    1. If women are responsible for the bulk of the work to be done in the attempted creation of the Dream Family, they are also subsumed within that family in a way that, in certain respects, negates the individualism of the American Success Story.

      Women's individualism is harmed by the expectation that they will perform the majority of domestic work and be confined to the family unit as part of the "Dream Family." It demonstrates how traditional gender norms and societal expectations can hinder individual achievement and reinforce gender roles.

    2. Interestingly, there were ways in which the Eyre’s family dynamics were attractive in terms that are quite subversive of some of the power relations of compulsory heterosexuality. It was clear, for example, that the parents treated their children with considerable respect, that decisions affecting the children were made through shared discussion and that the children were encouraged to take on considerable autonomy and responsibility for themselves and each other.

      The unconventional family dynamics depicted in "The Eyre Affair" and how they challenge conventional power dynamics in heterosexual relationships are highlighted. The parents encouraged autonomy and responsibility, made decisions through shared discussion, and treated their children with respect, according to the author. The traditional gender roles and hierarchical power structures that are frequently associated with compulsory heterosexuality are subverted by these aspects of the family dynamic.

    3. We begin by examining the conventional narrative of rags to riches, freedom and opportunity, mom, baseball, and apple pie most commonly associated with the American Dream and most graphically taken up as a liberal politics within the text of the Show. We then go on to consider the alternative American Dreams—therapy version, family version, female version, and civil rights version.

      This looks at how popular culture has traditionally portrayed the American Dream, which is often associated with upward mobility, freedom, and opportunity. The creators then, at that point, dig into elective translations of the Pursuit of happiness, including those zeroed in on family, treatment, ladies' privileges, and social liberties. The authors hope to provide a more nuanced understanding of what the American Dream means to various communities and individuals by highlighting these various perspectives.

    4. This follows from three particular dynamics: first, the way Oprah defines discrimination; second, the questions she poses to set up these programmes; and third, where she locates the issue of discrimination both socially and within the run of the show.

      The methods Oprah Winfrey uses on her talk program to address the subject of prejudice. The author cites three crucial aspects of Oprah's strategy: her definition of discrimination, the discussion-starting questions she poses to her guests, and the context in which she places the problem of prejudice. The author provides insights into how Oprah has established a place for conversation on a subject that has historically been challenging to discuss in mainstream media by looking at these factors.

    5. The value that Oprah places on personal testimony comes from a set of traditions deriving from the Civil Rights movement and from African American Christianity, as well as from feminism. Her role in giving a platform to people from marginalised groups also falls within these traditions.

      The traditions from Oprah Winfrey draws her focus on the value of personal witness, including the Civil Rights struggle, African American Christianity, and feminism. These inspirations have shaped the way she approaches providing people from underrepresented groups a voice on her talk show, which has come to define her career. The essay sheds light on the cultural and historical origins of Oprah's work by examining these linkages.

    1. The haphazard intervention of neo-liberal governments elsewhere produced upheavals in the pattern of broadcasting, notably a sustained privatising and commercialising reform movement attacking the public broadcasters.This was often attributed to technological requirements, but, as in Britain, the technology was actually of far less significance than the ideology.

      The intervention of neoliberal governments in broadcasting, including the privatization and commercialization of public broadcasters, I believe has had significant effects during this time. The statement argues that ideology has played a more significant role in these developments than technology, as demonstrated in the case of Britain. Although the changes have been attributed to technological requirements, Especially in the context of neoliberalism, I believe that this role of political and ideological factors in shaping broadcasting policies and practices.

    2. The result was that, contrary to the hype, cable audiences were minuscule—even for MTV and CNN, never mind the Nashville Network, Lifeline and Comedy Central. In 1995, MTV managed a cumulative 0.6 rating—that is, just over half a million homes.

      Even for popular channels like MTV and CNN, cable television audiences were actually quite small in the 1990s, despite the hype surrounding it. This demonstrates the difficulties cable networks face in gaining significant viewership in a highly competitive broadcasting landscape. MTV continued to struggle and I wonder if there are any other way that they could've promoted the shows to get more users.

    3. In Europe, a similar taste for imported signals, already seen with radio in the Netherlands before the Second World War, drove cable developments. In Belgium, to take the most extreme example, by 1987 84.3 percent of all homes with television were connected, a situation not unlike Canada’s because penetration was driven by the importation of French and Dutch broadcast signals.

      In the Netherlands prior to World War II, a preference for imported radio signals sparked the development of cables. Similar to what happens in Canada, the importation of French and Dutch broadcast signals is to blame for the high percentage of Belgian homes with cable connections. This demonstrates how cross-border media flows influence consumer behavior and broadcasting infrastructure.

    4. HBO was the brain-child of a cable visionary, the man who had wired lower Manhattan, Charles Dolan. Dolan had sold his Sterling Manhattan Cable to Time Inc, and among his first moves in his new berth at the big organisation was a proposed pay-TV service for cable. (Anon 1982:13). Time invested $150,000 in this which would grow to over $30 million before the service broke even, six years later.

      Charles Dolan, a pioneer in cable television, created the pay-TV service known as Home Box Office (HBO). Dolan proposed pay-TV to Time Inc. after selling his cable company. Time Inc. made a significant investment in the service, which eventually failed six years later. This demonstrates the significance of visionary individuals in shaping the industry's development as well as the numerous risks and difficulties associated with developing a new broadcasting model.

    5. Reception improved not just because technology became more sophisticated. It was also the result of an ideological position which saw broadcasting less as a business and far more as a centralising social force. The nemesis of the UK cable industry was GPO and BBC insistence on a form of universal service whereby, for example, the huge variety of possible UHF signals was curtailed in the interests of maximising reception.

      The General Post Office and British Broadcasting Corporation's ideology put universal service ahead of commercial interests, caused the UK cable industry to struggle. In order to maximize reception and ensure a centralized social force through broadcasting, the limited range of UHF signals was imposed. In the UK, there was tension between the interests of business and society in the growth of broadcasting and its infrastructure.

    1. The network had made a decision that it was going to jump‐start and gain an audience by targeting African Americans. It has done that, and it has met with approval.

      To kick-start and grow its viewership, FOX strategically chose to focus on African Americans. This strategy worked well, and FOX won praise for its attempts to connect with this audience. FOX was able to forge a closer bond with African American viewers and create a more varied and inclusive fan base by identifying and catering to their needs and interests.

    2. The 1980s marked the beginning of the breaking of the network oligopoly. With the election of President Ronald Reagan in 1980 and his subsequent appointment of Mark Fowler to the position of FCC chairman, the deregulation that began a decade before, roared ahead at an unprecedented rate.

      When the Reagan administration broke up the network oligopoly and hastened deregulation, the 1980s saw enormous changes in the media sector. The election of Mark Fowler as FCC chairman indicated a trend toward more open markets and less government involvement in business. Due to the market's increased competitiveness and new competitors that this deregulation attracted, new technology and services have emerged.

    3. In fact, under Clinton, the deregulatory moves of the multi‐channel era culminated in the Telecommunications Act of 1996, which was the first significant reform of the Communications Act of 1934 and marked a dramatic shift in the industry as a whole.

      The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was the culmination of significant deregulatory actions taken in the telecommunications sector during the Clinton administration. This was the first major change to the Communications Act of 1934. It changed the industry dramatically, encouraged competition, and allowed for consolidation. The Demonstration's arrangements made ready for the development of new innovations and administrations, including fast web and cell phones.

    4. For example, in 1995 Walt Disney acquired ABC in a $19 billion deal that was the second largest corporate merger in history.

      By purchasing ABC, Walt Disney accomplished a tremendous advancement in the media sector. Disney was able to grow its media empire and diversify its revenue sources thanks to this transaction, which at the time was the second-largest corporate merger in history. Disney gained ownership of one of the biggest American broadcast networks through the acquisition of ABC, which also created fresh growth and financial opportunity for the company.

    5. The following year, a Congressional Bill eliminated the Nixon tax credit.

      The Nixon tax credit was repealed by a Congressional Law the year after it went into effect. By encouraging firms to invest in new gear and equipment, the tax credit was first designed to boost economic development and lower unemployment rates. The decision to eliminate it, however, raises the possibility that the tax credit either didn't fulfill its objectives or had unexpected repercussions.