22 Matching Annotations
  1. May 2026
  2. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. Chain letter. December 2023. Page Version ID: 1188532303. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chain_letter&oldid=1188532303 (visited on 2023-12-08).

      The source on chain letters explains how chain messages have existed for a long time, even before the internet, often spreading through physical mail and later through email and social media. Many chain letters relied on emotional pressure by promising rewards for forwarding the message or threatening bad luck if the chain was broken. Reading about this made me realize how similar modern internet culture still is. Even though chain letters sound outdated, social media trends today often use the same idea of encouraging participation and rapid sharing. One detail I found memorable was how chain letters became especially widespread through email in the early internet era because forwarding messages suddenly became instant and effortless.

    1. We’ll include several examples on this page from the TikTok Duet feature, which allows people to build off the original video by recording a video of themselves to play at the same time next to the original. So for example, This tweet thread of TikTok videos (cross-posted to Twitter) starts with one Tiktok user singing a short parody musical [l19] of an argument in a grocery store. The subsequent tweets in the thread build on the prior versions, first where someone adds themselves singing the other half of the argument, then where someone adds themselves singing the part of their child, then where someone adds themselves singing the part of an employee working at the store[1]:

      I realized how social media has slowly changed creativity from being individual into something almost communal. A lot of the funniest or most memorable content online now is not made by one person alone, but by dozens of strangers building on top of each other’s ideas. The grocery store musical example reminded me of how internet culture can feel chaotic, but also strangely collaborative at the same time. Someone makes a random joke, another person adds onto it, and suddenly people across the world are participating in the same “inside joke” without ever meeting each other. I also think this changes the way people seek attention online. Instead of always trying to create something completely original, many users now try to become part of an existing trend because that gives them a higher chance of being seen by the algorithm. In a way, creativity online has become less about ownership and more about timing, participation, and adaptation. Sometimes the person who improves or remixes the original idea even becomes more popular than the person who started it. I honestly think that says a lot about internet culture today. People value interaction and relatability more than polished originality.

  3. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. Zack Whittaker. Facebook won't let you opt out of its phone number 'look up' setting. TechCrunch, March 2019. URL: https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/03/facebook-phone-number-look-up/ (visited on 2023-12-07).

      This article raises a clear concern about user privacy and control. It explains that Facebook allowed users to be searched by their phone numbers, even when those numbers were originally provided for security purposes like two-factor authentication. The fact that users could not fully opt out of this feature shows a gap between what platforms claim to offer and what they actually allow. It also suggests that personal data can be repurposed without clear consent, which feels misleading. This connects to broader ethical issues around transparency and user autonomy, since platforms should give people more control over how their information is used rather than limiting their choices.

    1. Other strategies include things like: Clickbait: trying to give you a mystery you have to click to find the answer to (e.g., “You won’t believe what happened when this person tried to eat a stapler!”). They do this to boost clicks on their link, which they hope boosts them in the recommendation algorithm, and gets their ads more views Trolling: by provoking reactions, they hope to boost their content more Coordinated actions: have many accounts (possibly including bots) like a post, or many people use a hashtag, or have people trade positive reviews

      Instead of just posting what they genuinely want to share, creators start thinking strategically about what will perform well, even if it means using clickbait or provoking people. I’ve noticed this a lot on platforms like TikTok and Instagram, where content sometimes feels more about grabbing attention. It makes me curious about how authentic social media really is if so much of it is shaped by trying to “game” the system. At the same time, I understand why people do it, especially if their income depends on visibility. So. it creates this tension where creators are stuck between being genuine and staying relevant. I also wonder whether platforms are partly responsible for this behavior, since their algorithms reward engagement no matter how it’s generated.

  4. Apr 2026
  5. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. Color blindness. December 2023. Page Version ID: 1188749829. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Color_blindness&oldid=1188749829 (visited on 2023-12-07).

      The Wikipedia source on color blindness was interesting because it showed how common it actually is and how it affects everyday things like reading charts, maps, or even choosing clothes. I didn’t realize that many designs, especially online, still rely heavily on color to communicate information, which can make things confusing or inaccessible for people with color vision differences. I’ve definitely seen graphs or websites where colors were hard to tell apart, and I never really questioned it before. Compared to women, men have a higher chance of being color blind, and most of the time, they're not fully aware of it. Although there are certain ways of accommodating to these, such as signs, glasses, and others, I'm curious to see what other alternatives are available, especially when it comes to information displayed online.

    1. Those with disabilities often find ways to cope with their disability, that is, find ways to work around difficulties they encounter and seek out places and strategies that work for them (whether realizing they have a disability or not). Additionally, people with disabilities might change their behavior (whether intentionally or not) to hide the fact that they have a disability, which is called masking and may take a mental or physical toll on the person masking, which others around them won’t realize.

      I believe this part emphasizes how much pressure is placed on those with disabilities to adapt to circumstances that don't match their needs, instead of letting the system adapt to people's needs. The idea of "masking" is unique here because, at the end of the day, we never really know what is truly happening inside someone compared to how they choose to portray themselves on the outside.

    1. Right to privacy. November 2023. Page Version ID: 1186826760. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Right_to_privacy&oldid=1186826760 (visited on 2023-12-05).

      This source sort of reminded me of how I forget how normal it has become for apps and websites to know so much about us. Reading it made me think about how often we trade privacy for convenience without noticing. It also reminded me that privacy has always mattered in different forms. In a medieval sense, people wanted privacy in their homes, while many of us today want privacy in our digital lives.

  6. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. In some cases we might want a social media company to be able to see our “private” messages, such as if someone was sending us death threats. We might want to report that user to the social media company for a ban, or to law enforcement (though many people have found law enforcement to be not helpful), and we want to open access to those “private” messages to prove that they were sent.

      Many people assume that if someone wants privacy, they must be doing something suspicious, but this chapter shows that privacy is often about dignity, safety, and control over personal information. For example, people may want private conversations to avoid embarrassment, protect themselves from harassment, or separate different parts of their lives. I think this is especially relevant today because social media often pressures people to share everything publicly. Sometimes choosing privacy is actually a healthy boundary.

  7. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. Jordan Pearson. Your Friends’ Online Connections Can Reveal Your Sexual Orientation. Vice, September 2014. URL: https://www.vice.com/en/article/gvydky/your-friends-online-connections-can-reveal-your-sexual-orientation (visited on 2023-12-05).

      I found this source especially interesting because it shows that privacy is not only about what you personally share online. The article explains that data from your friends’ networks and connections can be used to predict personal traits like sexual orientation. That means even if someone is careful with their own information, other people’s data can still reveal things about them. I believe it shows how privacy on social media is often collective and not just individual.

    1. Some data is directly provided to the platform by the users. Platforms may ask users for information like: email address name profile picture interests friends Platforms also collect information on how users interact with the site. They might collect information like (they don’t necessarily collect all this, but they might): when users are logged on and logged off who users interact with What users click on what posts users pause over where users are located what users send in direct messages to each other

      I realized how much data people give away without noticing while reading this part. Most people know platforms collect names or emails, but many do not think about how clicks, pause time, location, and interactions are also tracked. I think what is most concerning is that users often trade privacy for convenience without fully understanding the cost. So I'm also curiois if people would use social media differently if data collection was explained more clearly and was much more transparent.

  8. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. FBI–King suicide letter. November 2023. Page Version ID: 1184939326. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FBI%E2%80%93King_suicide_letter&oldid=1184939326 (visited on 2023-12-05).

      I looked into the FBI–King suicide letter source, and it was disturbing to learn that the FBI anonymously sent Martin Luther King Jr. a threatening letter encouraging him to end his life. I believe it shows how communication tools can be used by powerful institutions for harassment, intimidation, and psychological pressure, not just by random individuals online. I think this source shows that trolling and manipulation have existed long before social media, but technology can amplify them.

    1. If the immediate goal of the action of trolling is to cause disruption or provoke emotional reactions, what is it that makes people want to do this disruption or provoking of emotional reactions? Some reasons people engage in trolling behavior include: Amusement: Trolls often find the posts amusing, whether due to the disruption or emotional reaction. If the motivation is amusement at causing others’ pain, that is called doing it for the lulz [g6]. Gatekeeping: Some trolling is done in a community to separate out an ingroup from outgroup (sometimes called newbies or normies). The ingroup knows that a post is just trolling, but the outgroup is not aware and will engage earnestly. This is sometimes known as trolling the newbies. Feeling Smart: Going with the gatekeeping role above, trolling can make a troll or observer feel smarter than others, since they are able to see that it is trolling while others don’t realize it. Feeling Powerful: Trolling sometimes gives trolls a feeling of empowerment when they successfully cause disruption or cause pain.** Advance and argument / make a point: Trolling is sometimes done in order to advance an argument or make a point. For example, proving that supposedly reliable news sources are gullible by getting them to repeat an absurd gross story [g5]. Punish or stop: Some trolling is in service of some view of justice, where a person, group or organization is viewed as doing something “bad” or “deserving” of punishment, and trolling is a way of fighting back.

      This section made me think that trolling is often less about the topic itself and more about getting attention, power, or reactions from others. I’ve seen people post obviously provocative things just to make others angry. It also seems like social media rewards trolling because outrage often gets the most engagement.

  9. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. Text analysis of Trump's tweets confirms he writes only theAndroid half was published on. Text analysis of Trump's tweets confirms he writes only the (angrier) Android half. August 2016. URL: http://varianceexplained.org/r/trump-tweets/ (visited on 2023-11-24).

      This article shows that data analysis can reveal patterns in behavior that aren’t obvious at first. One interesting detail is how the tweets from Android were more aggressive compared to those from iPhone, suggesting they were written by different people. It made me think about how much we can learn from metadata, not just what is said but how and where it is posted.

  10. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. Early in the days of YouTube, one YouTube channel (lonelygirl15 [f1]) started to release vlogs (video web logs) consisting of a girl in her room giving updates on the mundane dramas of her life. But as the channel continued posting videos and gaining popularity, viewers started to question if the events being told in the vlogs were true stories, or if they were fictional. Eventually, users discovered that it was a fictional show, and the girl giving the updates was an actress. Many users were upset that what they had been watching wasn’t authentic. That is, users believed the channel was presenting itself as true events about a real girl, and it wasn’t that at all. Though, even after users discovered it was fictional, the channel continued to grow in popularity.

      The lonelygirl15 example shows how people can feel genuinely betrayed even if the content itself is entertaining. I think this is because people aren’t just consuming content, they’re building trust with the person behind it. When that trust is broken, it feels more personal. It also made me think about influencers today, where it’s sometimes unclear what is real and what is staged. Even if the content is enjoyable, knowing it’s not authentic changes how I feel about it.

  11. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. Web 2.0. October 2023. Page Version ID: 1179906793. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_2.0&oldid=1179906793#Web_1.0 (visited on 2023-11-24).

      The Web 2.0 article explains how the internet shifted from mostly static pages in Web 1.0 to more interactive platforms where users create and share content. What stood out to me is how this change is what influenced and made modern social media possible. Platforms like X (Twitter) or Instagram depend on user participation, not just information being posted by a few sources. I believe it shows why social media today is faster-moving and more dynamic compared to other forms of media.

    1. Graffiti and other notes left on walls were used for sharing updates, spreading rumors, and tracking accounts Books and news write-ups had to be copied by hand, so that only the most desired books went “viral” and spread

      I think this part shows that social media behavior hasn't really changed, only the speed and scale have. People were already sharing rumors and sharing updates before the internet, just through either pamphlets or graffiti. But today, we often blame social media for misinformation, but these patterns have always existed, just in a different form. I think the main difference is that it can spread much faster and reach a wider audience.

  12. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. Zero-based numbering. September 2023. Page Version ID: 1176111995. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zero-based_numbering&oldid=1176111995#Origin (visited on 2023-11-24).

      Zero-based numbering was interesting because it feels confusing at first to start counting from 0 instead of 1 . But it actually makes sense in programming since it matches how computers organize data. It made me realize that systems are often designed for how computers work, not how people naturally think, which can make things harder to understand.

    1. Metadata is information about some data. So we often think about a dataset as consisting of the main pieces of data (whatever those are in a specific situation), and whatever other information we have about that data (metadata). For example: If we think of a tweet’s contents (text and photos) as the main data of a tweet, then additional information such as the user, time, and responses would be considered metadata. If we download information about a set of tweets (text, user, time, etc.) to analyze later, we might consider that set of information as the main data, and our metadata might be information about our download process, such as when we collected the tweet information, which search term we used to find it, etc. Now that we’ve looked some at the data in a tweet, let’s look next at how different pieces of this information are saved.

      As I read through this part, I learned how metadata can be just as important as the actual content. For example, the number of likes or who posted something can completely change how people interpret a post. I’ve noticed that I’m more likely to trust or engage with posts that already have high engagement, even if the content itself isn’t that meaningful.

  13. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. Steven Tweedie. This disturbing image of a Chinese worker with close to 100 iPhones reveals how App Store rankings can be manipulated. February 2015. URL: https://www.businessinsider.com/photo-shows-how-fake-app-store-rankings-are-made-2015-2 (visited on 2024-03-07).

      The Business Insider article about click farms was interesting because it showed how manipulation on social media doesn’t always come from bots, but from coordinated human labor. What stood out to me is how scalable this is. Because in the photo, one person managing dozens of devices can artificially boost engagement and rankings. It made me think about how hard it is to distinguish “real” popularity online, since both bots and human-run systems can create the same effect.

    1. There are several ways computer programs are involved with social media. One of them is a “bot,” a computer program that acts through a social media account. There are other ways of programming with social media that we won’t consider a bot (and we will cover these at various points as well): The social media platform itself is run with computer programs, such as recommendation algorithms (chapter 12). Various groups want to gather data from social media, such as advertisers and scientists. This data is gathered and analyzed with computer programs, which we will not consider bots, but will cover later, such as in Chapter 8: Data Mining. Bots, on the other hand, will do actions through social media accounts and can appear to be like any other user. The bot might be the only thing posting to the account, or human users might sometimes use a bot to post for them. Note that sometimes people use “bots” to mean inauthentically run accounts, such as those run by actual humans, but are paid to post things like advertisements or political content. We will not consider those to be bots, since they aren’t run by a computer. Though we might consider these to be run by “human computers” who are following the instructions given to them, such as in a click farm:

      I find it interesting how the definition of a "bot" depends on whether the actions are automated by code or done by humans following instructions. In addition to that, the idea that click farms are like human computers blurs the line between automation and human behavior for me. For example, if both bots and click farms can manipulate engagement or spread information, should we treat them differently just because one uses code and the other uses people?

    1. When scientists wanted these human computers to do a task for them, they would give these human computers instructions for what they wanted calculated. These instructions were given in a regular human language (like English), and in math notation. Then the human computers would send back the results of whatever calculation they had been asked to perform. But human computers were eventually replaced by electronic computers, and communication with electronic computers was not straightforward.

      I realized that computing has always been about communication, rather than just calculation. Even before machines, people had to give clear instructions to human computers, which is similar to how we write code today. What specifically stood out to me was how this work was often done by women, but their contributions are rarely recognized in discussions about technology.

    1. There are absolute moral rules and duties to follow (regardless of the consequences). They can be deduced by reasoning about the objective reality. Kantianism: “Act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law.” Meaning: only follow rules that you are ok with everyone else following. For example, you might conclude that it is wrong to lie no matter what the consequences are. Kant certainly thought so, but many have disagreed with him. Deontological thinking comes out of the same era as Natural Rights thinking, and they are rooted in similar assumptions about the world. Deontology is often associated with Kant, because at that time, he gave us one of the first systematic, or comprehensive, interpretations of those ideas in a fully-fledged ethical framework. But deontological ethics does not need to be based on Kant’s ethics, and many ethicists working in the deontological tradition have suggested that reasoning about the objective reality should lead us to derive different sets of principles.

      Although deontology focuses on morals here, the one thing I find limiting about it is that it focuses heavily on rules without always considering real-world consequences. For example, during the lecture we had on Apr 1st, in situations like the Alzheimer's case we discussed, strictly following a rule like respecting autonomy might actually put someone in danger. So while deontology provides clear guidance, it can sometimes feel too rigid when situations are complex.