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  1. Aug 2025
    1. The remaining six molecular orbitals are antibonding

      Electrons that spend most of their time between the nuclei of two atoms are placed into the bonding orbitals, and electrons that spend most of their time outside the nuclei of two atoms are placed into antibonding orbitals. This is because there is an increasing in electron density between the nuclei in bonding orbitals, and a decreasing in electron density in antibonding orbitals (Chang 459). Placing an electron in the bonding orbital stabilizes the molecule because it is in between the two nuclei. Conversely, placing electrons into the antibonding orbitals will decrease the stability of the molecule. Electrons will fill according to the energy levels of the orbitals. They will first fill the lower energy orbitals, and then they will fill the higher energy orbitals. If a bond order of zero is obtained, that means that the molecule is too unstable and so it will not existItalic