15 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2021
    1. The real estate glut in China is at the heart of a banking mess perhaps more serious than anywhere else in the world.

      https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Markets/Property/Evergrande-debt-crisis-shines-light-on-China-real-estate-bubble

      The link above is to an article which describes the real estate bubble that is currently developing in China. While this article (the one that is being annotated for homework) was written many year ago, we could see that it still remains relevant as it predicts a trend in the Chinese economy that is persistent to this day. Recently, one of China's largest real estate developers, Evergrande, went bankrupt from being unable to pay back loans used to fund property development. The bankruptcy of Evergrande has raised attention towards China's unstable real estate market as well as brining attention to the problems banks will face when Chinese developers default on their loans.

    2. ((https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Markets/Property/Evergrande-debt-crisis-shines-light-on-China-real-estate-bubble ))

      The link above is to an article which describes the real estate bubble that is currently developing in China. While this article (the one that is being annotated for homework) was written many year ago, we could see that it still remains relevant as it predicts a trend in the Chinese economy that is persistent to this day. Recently, one of China's largest real estate developers, Evergrande, went bankrupt from being unable to pay back loans used to fund property development. The bankruptcy of Evergrande has raised attention towards China's unstable real estate market as well as brining attention to the problems banks will face when Chinese developers default on their loans.

    1. In retrospect, GUM and its American owners made the same kind of mistake as the Thai real estate developers who started the whole mess. They became so accustomed to the long summer days that they came to disbelieve in winter.

      Being accustomed to "long summer days" seems to be a common factor in a majority of major financial crises. For example, during the stock market crash of 1929, stock prices were soaring so high that investors could not fathom losing money in the stock market. In 2008, investment banks and insurance companies where making so much money on MBSs and CDOs that they failed to recognise that people where not paying their loans leading to an international financial crisis.

    1. They argue that the Clinton Administration pushed too hard for financial liberalization and freer capital flows, allowing foreign money to stream into these countries and local money to move out. In many cases, foreign countries were happy to open up in this way because they thought it was the best road to economic development, but a wealth of evidence has shown that overhasty liberalization can lead to banking chaos and financial crises.

      In China, economic liberalisation has done wonders for the Chinese economy. Under Deng XiaoPing, the Chinese economy saw massive growth from liberalisation. What determines whether or not economic liberalisation is successful? Why is that China has seen massive economic gains from liberalisation whereas countries in Latin America have not? In Russia, after the fall of the Soviet Union, forced privatisation of the economy resulted in massive inflation. If liberalisation is undertaken due to outside forced pressure as opposed to natural circumstances, will liberalisation be less successful?

    1. These gains over the years have been enormous, and so far they have proved reasonably durable. The deprivation and hunger are serious, but as yet there is little evidence that the financial crisis has sent Asia 20 or 30 years backward or that it has destroyed the middle class.

      Initially, one Asian country that was hit hard by the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis was South Korea. However, South Korea was able to recover from this crisis relatively unscathed and managed to pay off its debts pretty quickly. How were so many Asian countries able to come out of the 1997 Financial Crisis without much serious long term economic damage?

  2. Sep 2021
    1. Lack of fail-safe manufacturing alternatives can cause supply chains to break down, as they have in some medical and health-related sectors as a result of the new coronavirus. Producers of vital medical supplies have been overwhelmed by a surge in global demand, pitting countries against one another in a competition for resources. The outcome has been a shift in power dynamics among major world economies, with those that are well prepared to combat the new virus either hoarding resources for themselves or assisting those that are not—and expanding their influence on the global stage as a result.

      Globalisation seems to be presented as a zero sum game where one person's victory is another person's loss. Those that prepare for the future will benefit off the backs of those that where less prepared.

    2. . The outcome has been a shift in power dynamics among major world economies, with those that are well prepared to combat the new virus either hoarding resources for themselves or assisting those that are not—and expanding their influence on the global stage as a result

      Globalisation seems to be presented as a zero sum game where one person's victory is another person's loss. Those that prepare for the future will benefit off the backs of those that where less prepared.

    3. The new coronavirus is shaping up to be an enormous stress test for globalization. As critical supply chains break down, and nations hoard medical supplies and rush to limit travel, the crisis is forcing a major reevaluation of the interconnected global economy. Not only has globalization allowed for the rapid spread of contagious diseas

      https://www.downtoearth.org.in/interviews/environment/covid-19-to-black-lives-matter-how-the-columbian-exchange-still-shapes-lives-73262

      This article draws comparisons between recent developments in globalisation/ trade and the Colombian Exchange. I found it interesting that while trade often leads to a more peaceful and wealthy world, it also has some negative side effects like the spreading of diseases. I found it particularly interesting how such phenomenons repeat itself throughout history.

  3. Aug 2021
    1. "https://www.straitstimes.com/tech/robots-to-wipe-out-20-million-jobs-around-the-world-by-2030-study"

      This is a link to an article about artificial intelligence. This article shows how firms seek innovations that would allow them to replace human labour with machinery. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the one of the most important innovations in technology. AI will be used to replace human jobs as AI can do many of the simple tasks that humans do without getting paid an income.

    2. Economics ties in with many other fields of study. For example, in environmental science, students are taught the idea of the "Tragedy of the Commons." This phenomenon describes how publicly held resources are often degraded due to a lack of incentive to take proper care of it.

      This paragraph also delves a little into game theory. Since people could not come up with an option that mutually beneficial to the both of them, Anil and Bala both suffered. If they talked to each other and came up with the best course of action beforehand, they could have come up with a good solution. Their inability to communicate is representative of the prisoner's dilemma that was described by Nash in his revolutionary Game Theory.

    1. One of the primary factors of economic growth according to Economist Robert Solow is new ideas and innovations. This is as labour and capital are unable to fully fix a nation's economic problems as each unit of labour and capital after a certain point will reward less results and lead to deprecation. As such, country's need to have institutions that will be able to incentivise people into coming up with innovations. As Kongo did not have these institutions, they were unable to advance their economy.

    1. There is a strong link between psychology and economics. Sometimes people don't make the most rational decisions, so psychology is needed to determine how people will think under different circumstances. In this textbook, the author gives three examples (automatically, socially, and mental model) of how psychology affects people's economic actions. Last year in Econ, psychology, more specifically game theory, was applied to determine how people would economically respond to other people's business decisions.