Authority is a major preoccupation of both writers and readers:
Writer must heavily attempt to convince audience they are trustworthy and worth their time, audience scrutinizes everything
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writingcommons.org writingcommons.org
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Authority as a Dynamic, Dialogical, Intersubjective Process
Subject must be detailed enough to meet expected audience needs, audience must absorb information and offer feedback, growth
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community.
Science authority gained from proving their experiment was effective over and over and over again from multiple people looking and verifying it
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umbrella term
Authority is -how credible people percieve them to be -persuasive rhetoric -demonstrated amount of literacy -actual standing in the world
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Crafting truly authoritative texts requires more than just presenting data; it involves skillfully integrating evidence, acknowledging diverse perspectives, and demonstrating a nuanced understanding of the subject matter
Statements about data and correlation between graphs mean nothing to people if they can't see a way it affects their own life. Needs to touch the heart/opinions of the viewer to get a hold on their attention
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- Apr 2026
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AI often provides vague, abstract examples, where you needconcrete (that is tangible, verifiable examples; something I can find myself if needed). Abstractexamples will not be accepted as valid evidence in the essays. For example, if you are analyzingpublic surveillance, and write, “surveillance companies that collect and analyze public data oftenbreach legal and ethical parameters”, this will not suffice.
Need to fully explain where information is being gathered. Expect reader knows nothing about the outside world.
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But a sceptical public is necessary to compensatefor the proliferation of exaggerated claims, hype and ‘bullshit’ on high-tech ideasand products
People now accept science and think it can provide "real" solutions to worldly problems. The problem of acceptance has been solved and now the focus is not to just believe science can help, but to understand the extent to which it cannot. It's dangerous to go from disregarding science as nothing important to holding it as the solution to everything without any skepticism.
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Reciprocally, the abundance and flourishingof science communication models and practices, directly interacting, stimulate thisvital dialogue between the community of researchers and civil society
the greater advancements in science, the more willing the public is to learn about what is being experimented on/published. The more interested the masses are in science, the more support scientists receive to continue their experiments
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market signals
when people hear that something is backed with "science", they are more likely to believe it. science is a foreign concept to most people but interpreted to be indisputable, so no one will think critically about what the statement is actually saying
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‘knowledge is co-constructed’ in the act of marketing andnetworking; and the only bottom line is ‘profit = income exceeds costs’ at the endof day.
Instead of science being studied for the matters of increasing intelligence, its become a bargaining chip in the business world. Focus is taken off of individual interests or more complex phenomena around the world.
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Commercialization of science boostsknowledge production, but also redirects research in favour of short-term projectswith immediate pay-offs;
As more businesses sponsor experiments, the subjects of those experiments turn more towards business profits and marketable solutions (ex: anti-aging creams) for consumers rather than focusing on more long term questions
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marketlogic to everything under the sun
as everything becomes marketable, ethics for all fields of study are in jeopardy
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The ever closer association of markets and scientific research is likely to lead toa clash of ethos
the more science is being commercialized to increase marketing, the substance behind research is predicted to fall from curiosity into money-grubbing. The purpose of scientific research to expand the human understanding of the world will be undermined by profit
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Perhaps, in all modesty, those attempting the difficult art of science com-munication and popularization aspire to participate more in an evolution than a revo-lution of opinions, by enriching the democratic debate and developing the culture
not necessarily done to make everyone into a science thinker, but to broaden their worldview into being able to recognize certain important scientific ideas
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The bullshitter is cynical tothe extent that they have given up any belief in truth as a regulatory social idea
worse than simply telling something untrue, it is the process of removing oneself from the thinking process of deciding what is truth and the resulting decisions are made completely of their own interest with disregard for anything else. lying is intentional. bullshitting is meaningless speech or purpose
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two autonomous spheres, distinct from one another,and with one prevailing over the other; second, only a mastery of techniques andcommunication enable a rapprochement and the regaining of equilibrium
we still face the problem of viewing the science world and social world as two different things which control their own little area, not a combination
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Was this a case of an isolated individual failing? Or is there systemic pressureat work to take risks and fake data because the gains are very high, whereasthe likelihood of being detected is very low
Another instance of scientific integrity and discovery being undermined by the chance at profit
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Many researchers still feel that promoting science commu-nication should enhance the public’s scientific knowledge and lead to more gener-ous budgets for research. The industrial promoters and research managers generallyfeel that knowledge invites development support
if people understand what scientists are trying to accomplish, they'd be more likely to funnel funds towards them to advance their research.
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Thesedata streams suggest that, in contrast to a cycle from initial disgust to everydayacceptance, nowadays the initial hype is followed by controversy and more soberpublic attitudes
as more new discoveries take place, the process of absorbing the information is changing in society. its changed from (rejection, re-evaluation, acceptance) to (extreme interest, controversy, lower expectations of success). The public is now more interested in scientific discoveries than in the past but new problems have also come to replace the old ones
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And finally, economists conclude that ‘science is too important toleave to the scientists’
what actual statement is this
As humanity as a species advances, the world recognizes taht we are giving up things such as morals and materials for the sake of constant innovation. Pushback is being placed onto scientists because of a difficulty balancing past values with future ones.
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‘Would you eat wormy sweet corn?’,while the GM variety was labelled ‘Here’s what went into producing qualitysweet corn’
Certain language and terms are used to sway public opinion. Plain statements don't work well in capitalistic marketing
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we create an index of the scientific ‘ideology’that is normally distributed: the omnipotence of science, the control of sideeffects, the provision of a complete world picture, and the rejection of anyconstraints
important for us to see how critical of science people truly are. Not that science is bad or harmful, they just think through a more skeptical lens where their thoughts can help challenge the community (good)
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teaching communication skills to scientists
had to re-teach scientists how to explain things to regular people in not complete gibberish science terms
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First, the actors: scientists were reproached for remaining enclosed within auniverse of concepts and formalisms that kept them distant from the concerns ofsociety—which, paradoxically, was being transformed by the discoveries of thosesame researchers
science was meant to stay out of the lives of people in terms of politics and other culture wars to remain in a neutral state. however, what people discovered had an impact on those communities so crossover was inevitable.
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people who are generally more knowledgeable and the older popu-lation. Those who are very interested in science tend to be less sceptical
people who "know" science vs those who "believe" in it
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