Talking heads of the time argued that poetry and literature were a waste of time, or "fake news" as some might call it today. They questioned the purpose of fictional works.
I think that many people in modern society have begun to perceive books as useless because of our progressive switch over to technology. Our constant reliance on technology and the digital world has slowly deprived our attention span, thus unabling us to properly value books.
Most of our reading and writing is done on the internet: in the forms of Facebook posts, memes, tweets, snapchats, Tik Tok videos, and viral news.
I know many people that get their viral news through social media, such as Tik Tok videos. It's very common with how many people use Tik Tok today.
That's the lowest percentage in any year since NEA surveys began tracking reading and arts participation in 1982 when the literature reading rate was 57 percent" (Ingraham).
I think literature or a lack of reading it has a lasting impact on people in their ability to think critically which can be a cause of some problems in society
Tone/Mood
This is one of the more overlooked components of reading any piece of literature, and I think that it's really important to pay attention to the smaller details. In any case, it would allow the reader to learn more about the motivations of both the characters and the style of the author.
According to an article published in the Washington Post, "in 2015, 43 percent of adults read at least one work of literature in the previous year.
This is honestly higher than I expected, especially with the more recent trend of digital usage.
However, if you can answer them, you will have a strong grasp of the basic elements of the story. From there, you can go on to more specific questions, such as, “How does symbolism help illustrate the theme?” or “What does the author say about the relationships between characters through the dialogue he gives them?”
This means that once you understand the basic elements of a story, you can move on to deeper analysis by examining how symbolism and dialogue develop the theme and character relationships.
Most of our reading and writing is done on the internet: in the forms of Facebook posts, memes, tweets, snapchats, Tik Tok videos, and viral news. In response to this trend, some claim that literature is dead (Breuklander)
I feel like literature is a lot more than just novels. Anything that has a deeper meaning or a purpose can count as literature.
printing press
I remember when I took AP European history, and we learned that the printing press was actually insanely important because it facilitated the spread of information through mass printed literature.
claim that literature is dead
online news and other sources of news are often seen as literature, but what the author argues here is the challenge of the idea in which literature must be a book or a poem. This is a way to connect old literature to modern day.
to the late 1500s and early 1600s.
Sydneys whole arguement is about the criticism from this time and calls these critics "momes" to prove his opinion and to prove literature has always been a debate
witter, Youtube, and streaming television services, literature might seem like a relic of the past. Indeed, fewer people are reading literature than ever
this reminds me of our discussion in class on how it is slowly becoming less popular today and there is a cultural shift away from the books, but not that literature is not important today or has no value.
writing about literature will let you exercise your critical thinking skills like no other style of writing will. Even if you don't want to pursue a career involving literature, you can use critical thinking and analysis in any field from philosophy to business to physics. More than being able to think critically, you need to be able to express those thoughts in a coherent fashion. Writing about literature will allow you to practice this invaluable communication skill.
Not only does reading help to exercise your brain but so does writing as it helps you to form your thoughts and be able to express your thoughts and feelings.
What if literature isn't dead after all...but thriving more than ever? What if we radically reconsider the parameters of literature? What if literature has just evolved from sonnets and novels to tweets and memes?
making the argument that literature can be vast and be placed onto more pieces than most people are consuming literature without knowing.
In order to write a strong paper, you will need to examine a text both subjectively and objectively.
This is very true, especially if the subject matter is something personal to you. Its important to be subjective, but also know where to be objective.
business leaders succeed (Coleman)
I see this often in successful people. They often read a lot of books. Especially now in the day of phones and social media.
But... what if we were to define literature as Sidney did--a creation made from the "zodiac of [the poet's] own wit," improving upon nature itself through invention? Might some of today's internet media fall into that definition?
I feel that there should be a broader definition of literature, but not too broad. Some things on the internet shouldn't be classified as literature.
After the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg, many people saw the proliferation of novels and plays as morally poisonous.
I feel that this often comes with new technology. Everyone considers it poisonous and not good for you. We see a similar thing with social media in today's time.
43 percent of adults read at least one work of literature in the previous year.
I think this is due to the fact that kids aren't encouraged to read as much as there were.
It enables us to experience and discuss ideas from the safety of our armchairs, to project ourselves onto characters and environments, to explore worlds and lived experiences we otherwise would never have the opportunity to experience.
Maybe the simplest way to describe literature is something that carries information so it can be transferred?
He further stated that he hopes these momes never get "favor" (love) because they don't know how to write sonnets to woo their love interests and that they don't get an epitaph on their graves, because that is the poet's job. Ouch, harsh.
This is very much something that someone might say on twitter nowadays, with more modern phrasing.
They questioned the purpose of fictional works
Interesting because fictional stories have pretty much always been passed down orally before they could be written out, such as the Iliad or Odyssey
writing about literature will let you exercise your critical thinking skills like no other style of writing will.
I agree with this because writing in your personal style and allows others to read in many different styles from many authors.
the decline in teenagers might be. According to NPR, in a recently conducted poll, "nearly half of 17-year-olds say they read for pleasure no more than one or two times a year — if that" (Ludden).
Literature has never made a great impression on youth. They are usually not taught well and/or boring to read which is why teens and adults never bother to read literature on their own.
What if literature has just evolved from sonnets and novels to tweets and memes?
I feel like teens would enjoy literature way more but wouldn't take it seriously. It wouldn't help with reading skills as memes and brainrot contain slang most of the time.
Most of our reading and writing is done on the internet: in the forms of Facebook posts, memes, tweets, snapchats, Tik Tok videos, and viral news.
I think many of us use social media more because it is written or spoken in a way that we like to read it, many of us see books or texts as too long or boring.
promote empathy and social skills (Castano and Kidd) alleviate symptoms of depression (Billington et al.) business leaders succeed (Coleman) prevent dementia by stimulating the mind (Thorpe)
I didn't realize there were so many cognitive benefits to reading outside of academics.
fewer people are reading literature than ever.
This is a problem because people should read to maintain their reading skills. Not reading and being focused on social media more is bad.
basics: character and plot. From there, you can examine the theme of the work and then move on to the finer points such as the writing itself.
It can be hard to understand the main idea in literature when you read a section at a time. To make analyzing easier you can break it down by identifying the small elements first and later on think about how all of the details contribute to the author's purpose.
, literature is a cultural relic, a manifestation of the human experience. Thus, it can teach us things about our society and about ourselves we might not be able to learn from other types of media
Literature can teach us about other people's perspectives or puts us into new settings we wouldn't otherwise experience.
promote empathy and social skills (Castano and Kidd)
This is such an important factor that many of us seem to lack. We are at risk of only seeing media that agrees with our point of view due to the algorithm and as a result we lack the ability to see other perspectives.
What if literature has just evolved from sonnets and novels to tweets and memes?
This is a good view because evolution may look different but still possess the same intent. After all, people are still getting the word out it’s just more straightforward.
However, when you write something, you present a point of view through your unique voice. Even if something has been said about a book many times, you can add something new to that discussion
Reading literature can get you to think outside of the box and analyze the authors intentions in their writing. You read into the author's perspective, and you can end up learning something about yourself in the process.
Most of our reading and writing is done on the internet: in the forms of Facebook posts, memes, tweets, snapchats, Tik Tok videos, and viral news.
I think a large part of why we prefer social media and shorter works is because many of us find it hard to interpret and vocalize out interpretations so simply being told how to feel is an easier alternative.
t if literature isn't dead after all...but thriving more than ever? What if we radically reconsider the parameters of literature? What if literature has just evolved from sonnets and novels to tweets and memes? In this textbook, we will explore how technology has blurred the lines between Literature and literature
This is like what we said in class and how literature can be defined as anything that expresses something or has meaning. In the past, we have literary works like Fahrenheit 451 and Animal Farm that is a metaphor for historical events to convey their ideas. The same can be seen for memes that embody political cartoons to satirize what is going on in the world right now.
those who question the purpose of poetry have "earth-creeping" minds and are "momes" (AKA fools, blockheads).
This reminds me of the book Fahrenheit 451 because they shamed books and therefore they became mindless.
In this fast-paced dopamine-fueled media landscape, it's difficult for stinky old books to compete.
I agree, it seems that people have gotten lower attention spans and even long videos on social media get swiped on quickly.
writing about literature will let you exercise your critical thinking skills like no other style of writing will.
I relate to this because being able to critically assess why authors and poets write the way they write can tell the audience a lot about who they are and what the time was like when they create a piece.
to explore worlds and lived experiences we otherwise would never have the opportunity to experience.
I think in a way social media spreads literature even further. Whether we are aware of it or not we consume literature everyday even if it’s just a small amount.
. After all, very few of us read or appreciate poetry regularly. Most of our reading and writing is done on the internet: in the forms of Facebook posts, memes, tweets, snapchats, Tik Tok videos, and viral news.
The reason why I choose this quote is because it's very relatable. Our generation and maybe some older ones, no longer find literature exciting to do for entertainment.We find entertainment through short form content which may or may not effect our ability to think and analyze in the long run.
a creation made from the "zodiac of [the poet's] own wit," improving upon nature itself through invention? Might some of today's internet media fall into that definition?
I agree with this sentiment because I feel like literature shouldn’t be confined to just physical novels and poetry. I have found a lot of great pieces of literature made by people on the internet. I think it shows that art can evolve overtime just like technology does.
He argued the poet has a special talent to create new, beautiful worlds that no other professional can claim, and that those who question the purpose of poetry have "earth-creeping" minds and are "momes" (AKA fools, blockheads).
I thought this section was interesting because it shows how even back in the day new technology had people question the need to art forms like poetry. In today’s society I feel like we can also see this through the conversation surrounding AI art and what it means for artists.
In this fast-paced dopamine-fueled media landscape, it's difficult for stinky old books to compete.
I relate to this because I really do not consume literature on a day to day basis, only works we are required to do for classes.
writing about literature will let you exercise your critical thinking skills like no other style of writing will. Even if you don't want to pursue a career involving literature, you can use critical thinking and analysis in any field from philosophy to business to physics. More than being able to think critically, you need to be able to express those thoughts in a coherent fashion. Writing about literature will allow you to practice this invaluable communication skill.
The reason why I choose this quote is because despite being casted out of people's interest of entertainment, it's a good source of thinking. Almost everybody will not use literature in their lives but it can help increase brain activity. Leading to more critical thinking and effecting learning.
No matter the reader, no matter the writer, no matter the genre, literature is a cultural relic, a manifestation of the human experience. Thus, it can teach us things about our society and about ourselves we might not be able to learn from other types of media.
The reason why I choose this quote is because literature is a form of human expression. It's important to read literature from time to time because it's a teaching to us. To spread a message for humans to evolve into a better society than before.
Indeed, if we define literature as only printed novels and poetry, perhaps it is, for all intents and purposes, dead.
Literature is a much wider range of ideas than just reading, even if we don't consciously realize it :0 People consider literature dead, but only because a lot of people don't think about how we constantly consume things that can be considered literature as well.
There is no art delivered unto mankind that has not the works of nature for his principal object, without which they could not consist, and on which they so depend as they become actors and players, as it were, of what nature will have set forth
What this primarily means is that nature is the center of what humanity creates and discovers. This relates to literature because we, as humans, are inspired by it and use it to help write as a form of expression.
Some of the most common elements in a piece of literature include:
In my experience in high school, my English teacher used to have us analyze the text according to SCASI: Setting, Character, Action, Style, and Ideas. It actually is a really good method that helped me a lot.
Each time you do one of these things, you are responding to something you've seen or heard. And when you read a book, you likely do the same thing.
I feel like another part when it comes to literature is the interactions with the text and the social aspect of discussing what happened. It establishes community and sense of belonging.
Talking heads of the time argued that poetry and literature were a waste of time, or "fake news" as some might call it today. They questioned the purpose of fictional works.
While I think that the overall view on poetry/literature have changed over time, there are many people today who still feel the same way about it being a waste of time.
However, when you write something, you present a point of view through your unique voice. Even if something has been said about a book many times, you can add something new to that discussion. Perhaps you can state an idea in simpler terms, or you want to disagree with a popular viewpoint. Even if you're writing to an instructor's prompt, your voice will make the paper unique.
Having a voice is a key characteristic in what makes literature and the fact that there is a sense of humanity behind the words written rather than what is being by AI which has less weight and value behind it.
Medicine, a threat to the status quo, entertainment, activism, or boring stinky old piles of pages: what is literature to you?
I feel like a part of what is being discussed is that literature can vary among individuals just like how we can debate what is art and what isn’t. We determine what the definition is.
Most of our reading and writing is done on the internet: in the forms of Facebook posts, memes, tweets, snapchats, Tik Tok videos, and viral news.
I feel like a big part of why this is the case is the changed attention spans due to the media evolving over time. As technology advances further, we gradually shift from what is considered “older media” to newer ones due to the fact that is more advanced and that many people are interested in it.
From there, you can go on to more specific questions, such as, “How does symbolism help illustrate the theme?” or “What does the author say about the relationships between characters through the dialogue he gives them?”
Examples of the critical thinking exercised by asking questions about the story and why these details matter
writing about literature will let you exercise your critical thinking skills like no other style of writing will. Even if you don't want to pursue a career involving literature, you can use critical thinking and analysis in any field from philosophy to business to physics. More than being able to think critically, you need to be able to express those thoughts in a coherent fashion. Writing about literature will allow you to practice this invaluable communication skill.
Essentially writing about literature is another way to train your mind, akin to practicing an instrument to get better at playing.
Rather than trying to evaluate every nuance of a text all at once, you should start with the basics: character and plot.
This really helps break down the task of annotation and understanding into an initial bite sized piece which definitely helps make the task feel less daunting.
More than being able to think critically, you need to be able to express those thoughts in a coherent fashion. Writing about literature will allow you to practice this invaluable communication skill.
This shows the true importance of not only being able to read literature but also being able to understand and express what you think of it in your own creative and critical way. It tells the reader how it can prove to be an amazing skill in communication and being able to organize one's thoughts coherently.
Literature and literature.
I think writing "Literature and literature" really emphasizes the difference the author is trying to make. Separating written literature like poems and novels from what could very well be our new age of literature in social media and online engagements.
a creation made from the "zodiac of [the poet's] own wit," improving upon nature itself through invention? Might some of today's internet media fall into that definition?
This is a really interesting way to look at social media. Often looked at as "brain rotting" or "a distraction," thinking of it as a new form of literature is something I never thought about.
they will often address the audience directly; the audience gets the insider view of their thoughts.
Similar to how reading a book enables us to explore the background and thoughts of characters. A play invites us to the mind and the story of the play.
Tragic Plot According to Aristotle, an effective plot of a tragedy follows this order
Why do most plays like Oedipus and lots of Shakespeare pieces follow this structure. It makes their plays repetitive.
To provide the story’s setting, a play requires sets. If you've ever been involved with a play, you know that the set can be made up of detailed backdrops
this is an underrated part of the whole story as setting affects the mood that the audience feels. The setting in drama is seen visualy and how it is performed, instead of narration.
acts usually hinge upon a central plot point. Between each act, the curtain will fall; perhaps in the middle of the play there might be an intermission for audiences to use the restroom or buy drinks
Acts are a huge part of structure where we see the transitions and turning points in the story. It also plays a role in understanding the characters and their development
Plot is the events in the play and the order in which the events are told. There is no one correct way to structure a drama!
the author explains that the plot is a way events are revealed to get the audience to react, not just a tiimeline of what happens
Action is usually not described in great depth, and actors are to interpret what actions to take based on the dialogue.
This is why reading a play can be beneficial as you get to interpret how characters would act and maybe more accurately interpret how the author intended the character to be interpreted.
or example, what would have happened if the above mentioned King had recognized his tragic flaw (hamartia) in time to save his niece? This would have been a very different play
literature adds depth and thought as we can read and think about what happens and what could of happened showing depth into the plot
Tragic Plot
Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet
Audiences in the old days also would get rowdy and interact with the actors and actresses, sometimes in outright chaotic ways.
We see this in M Butterfly when Galimard talks to the audience.
In the above excerpt from the beginning of the play (1.1), Marcellus, Bernardo, and Horatio (soldiers) greet each other as they patrol the castle.
Wow so interesting, I used to have a hard time following the plays. Probably because I read through them too fast. Once I slowed down it became easier.
While Fortinbras uses military strength, Hamlet chooses to use his intellect. While Fortinbras is decisive, Hamlet seems paralyzed by indecision. By examining the ways in which these two characters are similar and different, we can learn a lot about each of them and their significance in the play.
So a foil, is a side character who have the same goals as the protagonist?
A lot of literary production is driven by economics, after all: playwrights gotta eat, too!
I see this often in movies in India. They have short intermissions to go to the restroom or get snacks, never saw anything of the sort in America.
Not all plays or even tragedies follow this structure exactly.
I wonder where the anticlimax would be...
in plays the audience often becomes part of the show
In a musical like the 2021 revival of Cabaret the plot of the show is set inside of a 1930's cabaret club, which the actual London theater is dressed up to look like, bringing the audience into the world of the show.
extend the stage into the seats
Like the opening of the Lion King musical
plays or even tragedies follow this structure exactly
Reminds me of the Heroes Journey and how lots of stories follow the basic plan of that.
what plot might look like
This could be plotted out (haha pun) on a plot mountain, I remember doing lots of these in high school
he acts are further divided into scenes. The scene is usually set in a particular moment in time and setting.
we see this in M Butterfly as the scenes switch from Gallimard's prison cell or to a party or from past to present.
For example, during the first act of a play in 1883, actor John Ritchie was allegedly pelted by rotten eggs and tomatoes and "demoralized" ("AN ACTOR DEMORALIZED").
I remember someone talking to me about going to a play and how it's interactive where the audience does something as part of the play and I think that's really cool (when consented)
Wise elder: in most plays, there is a wise old man or figure of wisdom who guides the protagonist.
This also is the case for hero's journey stories and many times the elder and guide will die to act as a catalyst for the start of the protagonist's journey.
Foil: this is a character meant to define another character through juxtaposition or comparison.
I love foil characters! I find them to be so interesting and almost like little Easter eggs
set can be made up of detailed backdrops, specifically designed props, strategic lighting, and sometimes even background noise
Sets really help the play come to life , it shows that so much work goes into the play, more than just the actors.
1.3.186) means Act 1, Scene 3, Line 186.
I didn't know this but it seems really helpful and makes a lot of sense!
A lot of literary production is driven by economics, after all: playwrights gotta eat, too!
This is just like movie theaters because their money comes from concessions
but the bulk of the production's effect is generated through the dialogue and its visual devices, and since the play's script dictates what the characters will say and often, through stage direction, its production strategies as well, the script is crucial to a successful performance.
A lot of the time stage direction is very important to the overall story of a play because it also conveys indication to the audience about what is going on.
When Horatio says "a piece of him," we might imagine the fog is so thick or the night so dark that only pieces of each character can be seen.
The reader can also interpret the kind of tone a character is taking by their dialogue. In this instance it can be interpreted that Horatio is speaking in a sarcastic tone because his line “A piece of him.” Is a very sarcastic come back.
dialogue and action
The dialogue and action of a character can reveal a lot about who they are and what their intentional are. I think it’s especially important to pay attention to these two when reading a play because you can’t see what is happening.
Although a novel’s narrator can describe in detail the thoughts and impressions of its characters, a play's effects depend much more heavily on what the characters say and do.
The reason why I choose this quote is because is an authors writing is part of telling a good story. But when the story becomes a play, it helps make the emotions feel more real. Emotions are needed to help make a play feel "real" to the audience. Making the story more impactful.
Not all plays or even tragedies follow this structure exactly. That being said, it can be helpful to analyze the ways in which a plot's structure is formed, as this can reveal deeper meanings.
The reason why I choose this quote is because a plot isn't always simple. It requires a extensive reading to uncover the true meaning behind any form of literature.
plot is the most important element in a narrative.
I choose this quote because plot is the necessary point when writing a story. Without a plot, a story becomes confusing and I dare say a waste of time. The plot is the driving force of what motivates a character.
When a character goes on an extended soliloquy, or extended speech when they are by themselves on the stage, they will often address the audience directly; the audience gets the insider view of their thoughts.
To me, soliloquys are important because it creates a sense of dramatic irony where the audience knows what is going to happen before the characters do which adds more suspense into what is going to happen in the story.
A lot of literary production is driven by economics, after all: playwrights gotta eat, too!
I really like the social aspect tied into the theatrical part of plays which I can see why it is considered literature in the first place.
Scene of Suffering: a bunch of people suffer and/or die as a result of the protagonist's hamartia.
I wonder if Shakespeare follows Aristotle's rules exactly in every play that he has written. It sounds similar to Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet.
the most important characters are listed first. Think most spoken lines, protagonists, antagonists, etc
This helps the audience with knowing which characters are the most important and who they should pay a little more attention to
Usually it will still have some kind of numbering system so that actors, directors, and readers can find their place.
The numbering system is a very easy and smooth way to find ones place in the dialogue. It also makes it easy to find a certain place on the page by using the numbers.
Not all plays or even tragedies follow this structure exactly. That being said, it can be helpful to analyze the ways in which a plot's structure is formed, as this can reveal deeper meanings.
Reveals and notes that all plays are different and that these are one of the many structures that a play can follow. This structure allows to show a play or tragedies deeper meaning by breaking it down.
in other literary works the audience takes a more passive role, in plays the audience often becomes part of the show.
Comments on the importance of audience engagement during a play compared to the "passive role" the audience takes when reading a novel
Action is usually not described in great depth, and actors are to interpret what actions to take based on the dialogue.
The actors get to make each play unique by interpreting the actions done while reading off their lines in different ways.
When Horatio says "a piece of him," we might imagine the fog is so thick or the night so dark that only pieces of each character can be seen. Horatio might be holding up his hand in the torchlight
Demonstrates how the dialogue of a drama should paint a picture of the setting to the audience
When writing about a play, you should try to reference act, scene, and line number in your parenthetical in-text citation. For example (1.3.186) means Act 1, Scene 3, Line 186. However, not all plays have line numbers, or even scenes. So you may need to just reference act and scene (1.3) or just the act (Act 3).
I didn't know that play citations were different from if a regular novel was being used as a source.
This is because, as a play emphasizes action over narration, the actors must know their parts!
Shows the difference between a novel and a play and how the importance of a character is stated in each one
the structure of a play can have profound effects on its meaning or even genre!
An interesting reminder that even the smallest change in tone, dialogue, setting, character, or structure can completely change the meaning of a drama and the audience's perspective of it.
A major flaw is that ice cream consumption generally increases in the months of June, July, and August regardless of advertisements. This effect is called a history effect and leads people to interpret outcomes as the result of one variable when another variable (in this case, one having to do with the passage of time) is actually responsible.
First and foremost, I'd believe that since these months land in the summer time season, ice cream consumption will always increase during this time of year. So definitely understand how this history effect stands true. The advertisements increase probably helps increase the cravings for ice cream during the hot weather, but the history effect of increased ice cream consumption during the summer shows that the advertisements don't solely tell the full story of this 30% increase, falsely giving Ben & Jerry's credit for this increase. On a deeper level, obviously Ben & Jerry's is a company who is money driven, but I don't think increased ice cream consumption will ever be a good thing or should be celebrated. Although I must say ice cream is delicious.
Conflict or tension
Conflict is a big reason on why a story can be interesting since without any conflict there is no change/tension.
Characterization
characters are what people resonate with in regards to the story and readers judge these characters based on their development.
you can begin your examination of literature with a “who, what, when, where, how?” approach.
Asking yourself these simple questions can also help with understanding difficult pieces of text and encourages deeper analysis
Are any elements repeated that may suggest a theme?
many elements are repeated to suggest a theme a common one being symbolism which gives deeper meaning to words or objects or actions which one might see as maybe coincidence or pointless at first.
Setting is a description of where and when the story takes place.
setting is important to establish as it gives us context to ideals of where the story is taking place and what actions one might take due to it being at this place at this point in time.
When we read critically or analytically, we might disregard character, plot, setting, and theme as surface elements of a text. Aside from noting what they are and how they drive a story, we sometimes don't pay much attention to these elements. However, characters and their interactions can reveal a great deal about the story's themes.
though disregarded at times and being seen as just surface level plot with not much depth a lot of it can reveal the stories themes
How does the theme shine through in the story?
I feel that the theme in certain emotionally or politically intense novels can be misunderstood if the person doesn't look at the text objectively.
Is the story written in the first person “I” point of view?
One thing I've noticed is that some literature switches from first person and third person point of view sometimes.
An example of a metaphor is when someone says, "My love, you are a rose." An example of a simile is "My darling, you are like a rose."
Metaphor: relating things to another thing Simile: Same thing but using the word like
Are there turning points, a climax, and/or an anticlimax?
Interesting would the anticlimax be like the beginning of a horror movie?
we might disregard character, plot, setting, and theme as surface elements of a text
Interesting, curious by what it means by surface elements.
interaction – the way they act towards other characters?
we can learn a lot about the character by the way they interact with other people. We can see how it differs from when they are alone or how their behaviors change depending on who they are talking to.
Are they static characters who do not change?
These are usually antagonistic characters, or secondary characters
Is it internal where the character suffers inwardly? Is it external, caused by the surroundings or environment the main character finds themself in?
I think a lot of stories incorporate both of these throughout.
Study the time period which is also part of the setting
This is important because sometimes authors might leave out context that would seem obvious at the time but needs more explaining now.
diction,
I hadn't heard this word used in this context before, Im used to it in reference to pronunciation in a play or song.
The author’s style has to do with the author’s vocabulary, use of imagery, tone, or feeling of the story. It has to do with his attitude towards the subject. In some novels the tone can be ironic, humorous, cold, or dramatic.
The style can reveal the author's attitudes towards the topic and the direction they are trying to push their audience towards.
The narrator is the person telling the story. Point of view: whose eyes the story is being told through. Who is the narrator or speaker in the story?
The narrator could be unreliable too adding dept to the plot and what we actually know.
How is the plot structured? Is it linear and chronological or does it move back and forth
The way plot is structured can be very unique. In M Butterfly it moves back and forth between past and present. I've read a book that starts from the end of the event and moves its way back to the beginning.
we might disregard character, plot, setting, and theme as surface elements of a text.
yea sometimes I forget about how important these elements are and forget about them as I am reading the story.
In some novels the tone can be ironic, humorous, cold, or dramatic.
Tone plays a huge role in showing the reader how things should be taken whether it be as a joke or as a warning. The tone further explains the author’s message in the way that the information and storyline is presented.
How would you describe the main conflict?
Oftentimes there is internal and external conflict. This adds depth to the story as the internal conflict is usually a reason for the external conflict.
Study the time period which is also part of the setting
Sometimes I face issues when it comes to understanding the culture and gravity of certain things within a book because I don’t know enough about the history of the time period.
Setting is a description of where and when the story takes place
Setting is very important in order to understand context of the time as well as to help the reader visualize and further immerse themselves into the story.
who, what, when, where, how?
I remember leaning this in second grade!
by the way they speak?
I think when reading play the way a character speak can tell the audience a lot about them and their relationship with other characters.
The theme is the main idea, lesson, or message in the novel. It is usually an abstract, universal idea about the human condition, society or life, to name a few.
A theme of a story can sometimes be reflected by reoccurring items or colors that symbolizes abstract ideas.
What aspects make up the setting? Geography, weather, time of day, social conditions?
The setting sets the overall tone of the story and provides context for the story.
What aspects make up the setting? Geography, weather, time of day, social conditions?
The setting sets the overall tone of the story and provides context for the story.
Are any elements repeated that may suggest a theme?
The reason why I choose this quote is because a theme could mean differently for different people. AN author could have a fix theme for a story but for others, it could mean something else. Which is why themes are different depending on the readers belief and interpretation of the story.
The theme is the main idea, lesson, or message in the novel. It is usually an abstract, universal idea about the human condition, society or life, to name a few.
Themes can also be interpreted differently for the readers depending on their point of view of the story.
How does the time period affect the language, atmosphere, or social circumstances of the novel?
The reason why I choose this quote is because dialogue is critical to understanding the story. If a character is speaking differently than they should in a specific time period, then the story becomes unrealistic unless it's non-fiction. But regardless, dialogue sets the tone of the story.
However, characters and their interactions can reveal a great deal about the story's themes. Plot can act as a stand-in for real-world events just as setting can represent our world or an allegorical one. Theme is the heart of literature, exploring everything from love and war to childhood and aging.
The reason why I choose this quote because theme is important to the story's message. Without a theme, then the story will serve no purpose and no benefit to the reader.
What role does setting play in the story? Is it an important part of the plot or theme? Or is it just a backdrop against which the action takes place?
Setting can also serve as a conflict which affects the actions of the characters. For example in high school I read A Raisin in the Sun and since it was set in the 60's, the characters who were Black had to face discrimination and was in the way of what the characters' goals.
Aside from noting what they are and how they drive a story, we sometimes don't pay much attention to these elements. However, characters and their interactions can reveal a great deal about the story's themes.
Paying close attention to these elements can reveal hidden meanings, for example color motifs that reoccur within a story help symbolize something important or reinforce a character.
The theme is the main idea, lesson, or message in the novel.
There can be one or more themes in a story and they relay important lessons, mainly life lessons.
Point of view: whose eyes the story is being told through.
A play or story can be told through man perspectives such as one character, through a narrator or even multiple characters at one time.
What role does setting play in the story?
The setting can be a huge factor when finding the theme, it is important to any part of the story.
“who, what, when, where, how?”
basic questions, but that help give meaning and provide understanding to the full story :)
“who, what, when, where, how?”
One of the many methods in finding the stories, theme, plot, setting and characters.
How is the plot structured? Is it linear and chronological or does it move back and forth?
Something I never really thought about but now reflecting I find very important to how a plot is perceived
Ask yourself “Who are the characters?” “What is happening?” “When and where is it happening?” and “How does it happen?” The answers will give you character (who), plot (what and how), and setting (when and where).
Something very important to remember as it helps simplify understanding how to examine literature pieces
How would you describe the main conflict? Is it internal where the character suffers inwardly? Is it external, caused by the surroundings or environment the main character finds themself in?
Essential to figuring out what kind of journey you want your main character to go through
Setting is a description of where and when the story takes place. What aspects make up the setting? Geography, weather, time of day, social conditions? What role does setting play in the story? Is it an important part of the plot or theme? Or is it just a backdrop against which the action takes place? Study the time period which is also part of the setting When was the story written? Does it take place in the present, the past, or the future? How does the time period affect the language, atmosphere, or social circumstances of the novel?
Establishes the essential parts of a story by providing the context of which it takes place, ranging from physical location to time
An example of a metaphor is when someone says, "My love, you are a rose." An example of a simile is "My darling, you are like a rose."
A great example that helps me understand the differences between metaphors and similes
Identify the historical and contemporary theories impacting lifespan development
Freud, Erikson, Piaget; learning & cognitive theories; relational models.
Explain the issues underlying lifespan development
Nature vs. nurture; continuity vs. discontinuity; stability vs. change; critical/sensitive periods
age-grade is a specific age group,
Developmental psychologists divide the human lifespan into distinct age-related periods 1. Prenatal Development Begins at conception and ends with birth — rapid biological change.
Infancy and Toddlerhood Birth to about 2–3 years — major physical, motor, and sensory development.
Early Childhood (Preschool Years) About ages 2–6 — language expansion, social interaction, basic self-control skills.
Middle Childhood About ages 6–11 — school learning, friendships, logical thinking.
Adolescence Typically puberty to late teens — identity exploration, abstract reasoning.
Early Adulthood Approximately ages 18–40 — forming intimate relationships, career establishment.
Middle Adulthood Approximately 40–65 — sustaining careers, parenting, physical aging signs.
Late Adulthood 65 and older — reflection on life, adapting to physical changes, retirement.
Some models also include emerging adulthood (18–25) and discussions of death and dying
Development is multicontextual.
Development is influenced by historical, cultural, economic, and social contexts (e.g., norms for aging, family structure).
Development is characterized by plasticity
Human traits can be shaped by experience and environment across life (we retain capacity for change).
Development is multidisciplinary.
Lifespan development draws from psychology, biology, sociology, anthropology, health sciences, and more.
Development is multidimensional
Physical — body, brain, health, motor skills
Cognitive — thinking, memory, language
Psychosocial — emotions, relationships, personality
Development is multidirectional
Development isn’t linear; people can show increases in some areas and decreases in others (e.g., better problem-solving but slower reaction time).
development is life-long, and change is apparent across the lifespan. No single age period is more crucial, characterizes, or dominates human development. Consequently, the term lifespan development will be used throughout the textbook.
Electronegativity
Ionic bounds have formal charge and takes covalent bond shares-Less than 1.7 nonpolar-0.5-Electrons are shared more evenly with no partial charge
Draw Lewis dot structure for Sulfur Trioxide (SO3).
Okay so when doing lewis structures you have to look at the groups to know how many lone pairs to add
A hierarchy is a type of social organization in which certain people or roles are given more power and prestige than others.
hierarchy
Practice
on question 2 how do these numbers relate to the well.I understand the repulsion between nuclei and the attraction of electrons and nuclei and how this relates to equilibrium, but I do not understand how the numbers relate back to the model
Intermolecular Force" is a misnomer, even though it is commonly used, as these are the forces between ions with molecules possessing a dipole moment, and ions do not have to be molecular
Do molecules always have to be multiple ions/atoms? Can a single atom ever be considered a molecule?
Figure 11.2.1
What is the significance of the double ended arrow and the n above figure 11.2.1?
undocumented immigration on homicide, aggravated assault, robbery, burglary and larceny crime rates.
Here's where those who would argue in favor of deporting ALL immigrants - documented or undocumented - would point out that there were no statistics on undocumented immigrants committing sexual assault, especially against children. That was one of the biggest rallying cries during both of the current president's election campaigns.
For example, we found in a 2017 study with colleagues that from 1970 to 2010 metropolitan areas with greater concentrations of immigrants, legal and undocumented combined, have less property crime than areas with fewer immigrants, on average. Critics suggested that our findings would not hold if we looked at only the subset of undocumented individuals.
From a purely scientific standpoint - and not just a racist xenophobic one - it's best to look at data from all viewpoints. In this case, it would be crime statistics from cities with greater concentrations of purely undocumented immigrants in one study, then in another, statistics from documented immigrants.Then, separate the statistics by race, ethnicity, gender, orientation, etc. - to see if their were any underlying causes for the crimes.
But undocumented immigrants, and immigrants more generally, are often baselessly blamed for increasing crime rates – including, repeatedly, by President Donald Trump. In the second and final presidential debate, Trump again claimed undocumented immigrants are rapists and murderers.
Why is this such a widespread belief? Is this another example of human's fear of the unknown being exploited for another human's personal gain?
Using a statistical method called regression analysis to examine the data, we found that as the size of the undocumented population increases, the property crime rate decreases, on average.
I find it surprising that undocumented immigrants make a community safer and bring down the crime rate, but it sounds probable.
immigration did not increase crime rates in U.S. metropolitan areas.
Metropolitan areas are significantly more educated than rural areas and the cost of living is higher so this doesn't surprise me.
People from all social groups and backgrounds commit crimes.
In 2010, 35% of all African American men in the U.S. had a felony conviction. All races commit crimes in similar proportions but minorities are more likely to receive harsher treatment from police and the U.S. justice system.
Race Ethnicity Gender Identity Class Language Religion Ability Sexuality Mental Health Age Education Body Size … and many more …
how different parts of peoples identity can overlap
Intersectionality means analyzing the multiple identities and social systems that influence and shape individuals' and communities' experiences, including their relationship to power structures and institutions
important vocabulary
Critical Race Theory is a legal perspective that examines the relationship between U.S. laws and systemic racism, with a particular emphasis on how to end racial bias.
it is disheartening to know that there are actual people against this.
the field has always been threatened by counter-movements and institutional resistance
today, under our current administration, they have completely dismantled alot of programs around inculsivity and diversity and have called for the dismantling of ethnic studies.
Long before the beginning of ethnic studies as a formal discipline in the 1960s, communities have been calling for relevant, responsive education that communicates the truth of historical, political, social, and cultural systems.
studies like ethnic studies are so important to learn and have in school curriculums.
Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF), League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC), California Latino School Board Association, California Latino Legislative Caucus, and California Latino Caucus, and the bi-national organization Frente Indígena de Organizaciones Binacionales (FIOB), which serves Indigenous Latinx migrant and non-migrant communities across California and Mexico. Chicano Latino Youth Leadership Project and Future Leaders of America are two youth-based organizations that have been involved with the work of Chicanx and Latinx studies.
these are non academic organizations that are important to movements and civil rights
Police officers used militarized tactics on strikers, including directly assaulting students with batons, water hoses, and other weapons.
still happening today.
These movements built on intergenerational traditions of protest and advocacy that informed the emergent groups that formed, established, and nurtured ethnic studies
ethnic studies was born under movements and protests for civil rights.
After he was fired on November 1, 1968
was he fired because of his vocalness?
The separation of students by race helped to reinforce the existing racial hierarchy in the broader society, providing legitimacy and justification for prevailing dominant ideologies.
there has always been a struggle with colonialism and trying to make one race (the white race) superior, and its still happening today.
settler-colonialism is a structure, not an event
settler colonialism is ongoing
Settler-colonialism refers to the specific forms of colonialism in which outside powers attempt to eradicate and replace the living societies of Native people to establish and maintain settler societies
vocabulary
Decolonization refers to the various struggles led by Indigenous people for land, sovereignty, self-determination, and a transformation of the ongoing conditions of colonial power.
indigenous people and marginalized groups have struggled with colonization and have made constant efforts to decolonize.
“No history, no self. Know history, know self,”
if you dont have history, then you wont know yourself.
Chicanx and Latinx studies teaches the importance of decolonizing our minds and recognizing the many generations of resilient and powerful ancestors and relatives who have supported us on our journey to becoming educated persons.
when you are someone who is apart of the groups of people you are learning about it gives you a sense of community too and can teach you things about your people or culture you might not have known.
the purpose is to present a clear and accurate understanding of the potential solutions and interventions that will advance equity, self-determination, and justice
the purpose of ethnic studies (specifically chicanx and latinx studies)
However, these voices and perspectives have not always been recognized.
indigenous peoples voices usually seem the last to be acknowledged in so many different settings.
The “x” is used to disrupt the often rigid gender binarist approach to telling history.
there are a few people i know who use the x in latinx to identify because they are non binary.
the five S’s
self identity, stories of community, systems of oppression, social movements, and solidarity
Afro-Latinx signifies a Latin American person of African heritage, with national or regional variations of the term
(T) - vocabulary
Indigenous Latinx is used to identify Indigenous migrants from Latin America living in the United States who remain connected to their Indigenous languages, ceremonies, medicines, foodways, and ancestral lands.
(T) - vocabulary introduced
Latina, Latino, and Latinx are used to identify people with ancestry connected to anywhere in Latin America.
T - vocabulary
Hispanic, which became popularized and is assigned by the United States Census and other government offices to emphasize Spanish influence and Spanish language communities.
(T) - vocabulary
Xicana, Xicano, and Xicanx a term which emphasizes the heritage of families whose homelands in Mexico are tied to the cultural, linguistic, and social practices of Indigenous peoples
(T) - vocabulary introduced
Chicana, Chicano, and Chicanx are social and political identity terms chosen by people of Mexican heritage living in the United States to signify their Indigenous ancestry to the greater Southwestern and Mesoamerican (also called Anahuac) regions.
(T) - vocabulary introduced
intersectional
a key part in ethnic studies is intersectionality. intersectionality takes into account the different aspects of people's identities and how they overlap, which effects their individual experience and how they see or navigate the world. (T)
East Los Angeles walkouts and the ethnic studies movements originating at Merritt College in Oakland, California, San Francisco State College (now San Francisco State University), and the University of California, Berkeley in the 1960s and 70s.
early ethnic studies works originate here.
it is critical and important to have a sense of the past to know and understand how the present came to be, in order to address or change what is before you.
the main point of this chapter (P) - this is the purpose of ethnic studies
dicho
a proverb or saying, we learned this in class regarding our own families dichos. (A)
this introductory chapter
this is an intro chapter that will help us understand on a more surface level what chicanx and latinx studies have to offer and the context.
provide a more accurate understanding of the political, cultural, historical, and social contexts that shape our current-day experiences of race, identity, community, and the disparities that plague our society.
i do feel like that this does create a sense of community or belonging especially among POC, because we are able to see our people and cultures represented and learn things about our history etc that we may not have even known as well as advocate and become aware of the different issues not only in our communities but in others communities. because its not taught in basic school curriculum.
Eventually, this discussion led students to research Elizabethan perspectives on ghosts and demons.
What is written can open up different experiences and cultures which provides rich discussions and perspectives and can help us learn that we are all different and can learn from one another.
When teachers use any of these terms, it usually means engaging with a text on a deeper level than when reading for entertainment or information: that is, looking not just at what is written (the message, also known as content), but how it is written (the methods used to shape the message, also known as form).
Literary analyses are meant to get the readers thinking and look into the author's purpose into why they made the text the way it is. Not getting readers to think it is simply just words written but meaning.