There are also disadvantages to small group interaction. In some cases, one person can be just as or more effective than a group of people. Think about a situation in which a highly specialized skill or knowledge is needed to get something done.

While our interpersonal relationships primarily focus on relationship building, small groups usually focus on some sort of task completion or goal accomplishment. A college learning community focused on math and science, a campaign team for a state senator, and a group of local organic farmers are examples of small groups that would all have a different size, structure, identity, and interaction pattern. Size of Small Groups

Truman vetoed the law. “In a free country,” Truman famously responded, “we punish men for the crimes they commit, but never for the opinions they hold.”

By 1948, Europe was divided between democratic and Communist states along a line that corresponded to the orientation of the two superpowers whose armies had liberated Europe from the Nazis.

In order to carry out their studies, sociologists identify cultural patterns and social forces and determine how they affect individuals and groups. One way sociology achieves a more complete understanding of social reality is through its focus on the importance of the social forces affecting our behavior, attitudes, and life chances. This focus involves an emphasis on social structure, the social patterns through which a society is organized. Sociology provides a lens for understanding the human condition and the structural forces that influence our behavior and attitudes.

It’s important to be aware of schemata because our interpretations affect our behavior. For example, if you are doing a group project for class and you perceive a group member to be shy based on your schema of how shy people communicate, you may avoid giving him presentation responsibilities in your group project because you do not think shy people make good public speakers.

fluorine

Topic sentence: There are numerous advantages to owning a hybrid car. Sentence 1 (statistic): First, they get 20 percent to 35 percent more miles to the gallon than a fuel-efficient gas-powered vehicle. Sentence 2 (fact): Second, they produce very few emissions during low speed city driving. Sentence 3 (reason): Because they do not require gas, hybrid cars reduce dependency on fossil fuels, which helps lower prices at the pump. Sentence 4 (example): Alex bought a hybrid car two years ago and has been extremely impressed with its performance. Sentence 5 (quotation): “It’s the cheapest car I’ve ever had,” she said. “The running costs are far lower than previous gas powered vehicles I’ve owned.” Concluding sentence: Given the low running costs and environmental benefits of owning a hybrid car, it is likely that many more people will follow Alex’s example in the near future.

parallel

Yet, it is remarkably complete, with its last stanza referring back to the first. Coleridge may have had a self-protective desire for his radical views not to be taken too seriously

Slow saddening round, and mark the star of eve Serenely brilliant (such should Wisdom be) Shine opposite!

swept, the long sequacious notes Over delicious surges sink and rise, Such a soft floating witchery of sound As twilight Elfins make, when they at eve Voyage on gentle gales from Fairy-Land, Where Melodies round honey-dropping flowers, Footless and wild, like birds of Paradise,

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not invented by the individual

We are active users of technology - I am teaching and you are learning online. When we're submerged in this kind of environment, it's sometimes easy to forget that what's known as the digital divide still exists. Our access to technology gives us advantages in accessing information that many around the world do not have. This information graphic from the International Monetary Fund illustrates that

And in academia especially, only a privileged few have access to certain types of scholarly writings.

Derelict

e Big C and the little c.

There is one exception. Another little ritual everyone gets used to on a set. At the end of a scene, when all of the shots are done, the location sound recordist will whisper to the 1st AD, and the 1st AD will call out: “Hold for room tone!” And then everyone stops in their tracks and holds still, remaining completely silent for at least 60 seconds.

The person responsible for all of this is the cinematographer, sometimes known as the director of photography (DP). Their job is to translate the director’s vision into usable footage, using all of the photographic skills listed above and only after making a series of crucial decisions which we will get to below. It is one of the most technical jobs in cinema, requiring as much science as it does art:

harsh

4

substrate

The loose brushwork, vivid colors, and unfinished style shocked viewers, invoking an emotional response to the painting, which was exactly what the artists of the Fauvism period wanted.

atomic radius (teal triangels)

Methanol, CH3OH, is counted as a primary alcohol even though there are no alkyl groups attached to the the -OH carbon atom

-OH group is only attached to one alkyl group

good nucleophile

Stationary phase is a stationary medium, which can be a stagnant bulk liquid, a liquid layer on the solid phase, or an interfacial layer between liquid and solid.

Mobile phase is a moving liquid, and is characterized by its composition, solubility, UV transparency, viscosity, and miscibility with other solvents.

The word chromatography means color writing.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate the components in a mixture, and to identify and quantify each component.

ΔtΔt\Delta t to be the average time between collisions

3.26 kg

29.3 g/cm3

790 g/L

0.3.27 kg

a collection of point objects that are confined to stay at specific positions relative to each other

Much of the research on romantic relationships distinguishes between premarital and marital couples. However, given the changes in marriage and the diversification of recognized ways to couple, I will use the following distinctions: dating, cohabitating, and partnered couples.

However, researchers have wondered if men communicate affection in more implicit ways that are still understood by the other friend.

Friendships, like most relationships, have a life span ranging from formation to maintenance to deterioration/dissolution. Friendships have various turning points that affect their trajectory.

The formula of the carbonate ion is CO32−.

To measure the rotation speed of a motor for example, the Hall effect sensor is mounted near a ferromagnetic gear.

The bonding stage includes a public ritual that announces formal commitment

Communication is at the heart of forming our interpersonal relationships.

pressure

suffice

nteractionists view the world in terms of symbols and the meanings assigned to them (LaRossa and Reitzes 1993). The family itself is a symbol. To some, it is a father, mother, and children; to others, it is any union that involves respect and compassion. Interactionists stress that family is not an objective, concrete reality. Like other social phenomena, it is a social construct that is subject to the ebb and flow of social norms and ever-changing meanings. Consider the meaning of other elements of family: in the past, “parent” was a symbol of a biological and emotional connection to a child. With more parent-child relationships developing through adoption, remarriage, or change in guardianship, the word “parent” today is less likely to be associated with a biological connection than with whoever is socially recognized as having the responsibility for a child’s upbringing. Similarly, the terms “mother” and “father” are no longer rigidly associated with the meanings of caregiver and breadwinner. These meanings are more free-flowing through changing family roles. Interactionists also recognize how the family status roles of each member are socially constructed, playing an important part in how people perceive and interpret social behavior. Interactionists view the family as a group of role players or “actors” that come together to act out their parts in an effort to construct a family. These roles are up for interpretation. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, a “good father,” for example, was one who worked hard to provide financial security for his children. Today, for some, a “good father” is one who takes the time outside of work to promote his children’s emotional well-being, social skills, and intellectual growth—in some ways, a much more daunting task.[6]

Conflict theorists are quick to point out that U.S. families have been defined as private entities, the consequence of which has been to leave family matters to only those within the family. Many people in the United States are resistant to government intervention in the family: parents do not want the government to tell them how to raise their children or to become involved in domestic issues. Conflict theory highlights the role of power in family life and contends that the family is often not a haven but rather an arena where power struggles can occur. This exercise of power often entails the performance of family status roles. Conflict theorists may study conflicts as simple as the enforcement of rules from parent to child, or they may examine more serious issues such as domestic violence (spousal and child), sexual assault, marital rape, and incest. The first study of marital power was performed in 1960. Researchers found that the person with the most access to value resources held the most power. As money is one of the most valuable resources, men who worked in paid labor outside of the home held more power than women who worked inside the home (Blood and Wolfe 1960). Even today, with more fluid family roles, conflict theorists find disputes over the division of household labor to be a common source of marital discord. Household labor offers no wages and, therefore, no power. Studies indicate that when men do more housework, women experience more satisfaction in their marriages, reducing the incidence of conflict (Coltrane 2000). In general, conflict theorists tend to study areas of marriage and life that involve inequalities or discrepancies in power and authority, as they are reflective of the larger social structure.

(1z−1f)

ha dejado límites

correcto

dejados

correcto continuo

correcto continuo

Nací y crecí en la Esclavitud; y permanecí en un Estado Esclavo veintisiete años

ocial learning theory which argues that gender roles are learned through reinforcement, punishment, and modeling.

Figure

anguage.

[1]

left

Mg

∀x)(M(x)∧U(x)→B(x)

∃x)(¬B(x

(∃x)(A(x)∧(¬M(x))).(∃x)(A(x)∧(¬M(x))).(\exists x)(A(x) \land (\neg M(x)))\text{.}

Translate into English: (∀x)(F(x)→S(x)).

Translate into English: (∃x)(S(x)∧¬F(

∃x∈R(x2<0)∃x∈R(x2<0)\exists x\in\mathbb{R} \, (x^2 < 0).

For all integers kkk, the integer 2k2k2k is even

There exists an integer kkk such that 2k+12k+12k+1 is even.

Name a few more examples of twin primes.

ere exists a prime number xxx such that x+2x+2x+2 is also prim

∃x∈R(x>5)

∃x

∀x∈S

(x is a Discrete Mathematics student⇒x has taken Calculus I and Calculus II)

One of the key dialectics that must be negotiated is the tension between openness and closedness (Greene, Derlega, & Mathews, 2006).

As a result, they are generally more effective at managing their emotions, and they are less likely to experience intense negative emotions in response to a negative stimulus like breaking up with a romantic partner.

Would you describe yourself as someone who prefers to avoid conflict?

Each of these examples illustrates how interpersonal communication meets our basic needs as humans for security in our social bonds, health, and careers.

Whether we are aware of it or not, we often ask ourselves, “What can this relationship do for me?” In order to understand how relationships achieve strategic functions, we will look at instrumental goals, relationship-maintenance goals, and self-presentation goals.

Las figuras de Venus, un término general para varias estatuillas prehistóricas femeninas retratadas con atributos físicos similares, eran muy populares en ese momento. Estas figuras fueron talladas en piedra blanda (como esteatita, calcita o piedra caliza), hueso o marfil, o formadas de arcilla y cocidas.

Cancers

DNA.

Some deleterious mutations are null or knock-out mutations which result in a loss of function of the gene product. These mutations can arise by a deletion of the either the entire gene, a portion of the gene, or by a point mutation in a critical region of the gene that renders the gene product non-functional.

no longer binds to the ribosome and inhibits protein synthesis.

Why did so many mechanisms evolve to repair errors in DNA? By contrast, similar proof-reading mechanisms did NOT evolve for errors in transcription or translation.

Such mutations may be of two types: induced or spontaneous. Induced mutations are those that result from an exposure to chemicals, UV rays, x-rays, or some other environmental agent.

missense

Mutations

If you were assigning wild type traits to describe a dog, what would they be? What is the difference between a mutant trait and variation of a trait in a population of dogs? Is there a wild type for a dog that we could use as a standard? How would we begin to think about this concept with respect to dogs?

at three main cell cycle checkpoints at which the cell cycle can be stopped until conditions are favorable. These checkpoints occur near the end of G1, at the G2–M transition, and during metaphase (see figure below).

The cell is accumulating the building blocks of chromosomal DNA and the associated proteins, and accumulating enough energy reserves to complete replicating each chromosome in the nucleus.

Cytokinesis then occurs, dividing the cytoplasm and cell body into two new cells. Note

This process of DNA replication is typically occurring at the same time as a growth in the physical dimensions of the cell. Therefore, as the cell elongates, the growing membrane aids in the transport of the chromosomes towards the two opposite poles of the cells. After the chromosomes have cleared the midpoint of the elongated cell, cytoplasmic separation begins.

do not offer enough support to displaced people living in abject conditions.

I was most scared of seeing my children die right in front of me

I am sure that there is one little girl whose family fled her country in desperation who once studied so hard in school, dreaming of becoming the greatest scientist in the world. I am also sure that there is a young boy who survived persecutions and wishes to become a politician one day to make the world a better place for the downtrodden

am sure that one of the mothers who escaped her war-torn home country with her family has the sole hope to witness her children growing up in a happy and free place, just like any mother in the world.

In this crisis, it is our common responsibility as members of an international community to help those who are in need.

around 70 million displaced people in developing countries, which is the highest recorded number since the 1950s, causing the United Nations to call this world issue “a crisis.

efugees, inequalities, economic instabilities...the fact that we are bombarded by news on those topics every day is proof that we live in a world with lots of problems, and many of us suffer as a consequence

_____

TV.xls

What is the cultural norm in your family unit regarding who you live with and when, or even if, you are expected to establish your own home?

s a child, what toys did you play with? Were these toy selections at all influenced by your parents, the media, or friends? Why or why not?

Myelin, a coating of fatty tissues around the axon of the neuron (Carlson, 2014).

Synaptic Pruning, where neural connections are reduced thereby making those that are used much stronger

his period of rapid neural growth is referred to as Synaptic Blooming.

chloride ion (on the product side) is more stable than fluoride ion

Whether in professional or personal contexts, positive verbal and nonverbal feedback can boost others’ confidence, and negative feedback, when delivered constructively, can provide important perception checking and lead to improvements.

To be a better empathetic listener, we need to suspend or at least attempt to suppress our judgment of the other person or their message so we can fully attend to both.

Physiological noise is noise stemming from a physical illness, injury, or bodily stress

Physiological noise, like environmental noise, can interfere with our ability to process incoming information.

In general, students with high scores for listening ability have greater academic achievement.

cell division, then interphase involves normal cellular processes as well as three stages that prepare the cell for division. Preparation for cell division occurs in three phases occurring in the following order: G1 ph

Their nervous systems are frequently less complex than human systems, which facilitates the research. It is much easier to learn from a system with thousands of neurons compared to one with billions of neurons like humans. Also, nonhuman animals may have other desirable characteristics such as shorter life cycles, larger neurons, and translucent embryos

social brain.

Structural imaging techniques with ASD have focused on which brain structures have physical differences. MRIs have found a thicker frontal cortex (Carper & Courchesne, 2005) and a thinner temporal cortex (Hardan et al., 2006) in patients with ASD. These areas are notable because the frontal cortex is linked to communication and language abilities and the temporal cortex is linked to auditory processing (ie. language input), both of which are issues that many with ASD struggle with.

Drawbacks of MRI scans include their much higher cost, and patient discomfort with the procedure.

The main disadvantage of CT scanning is that it exposes patients to a dose of radiation many times higher than that of X-rays.

X-rays are capable of damaging cells and initiating changes that can lead to cance

The X-ray is a form of high energy electromagnetic radiation with a short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases.

X-rays are capable of damaging cells and initiating changes that can lead to cance

For example, the Western notion of family changed significantly as populations moved from farm- and household-based economies to industrial factories and into cities.

Queering these relationships can certainly lead to burdens, including negative judgment and discrimination from external sources.

The U.S. census counted approximately 10.7 million adults (4.3 percent of the U.S. adult population) who identify as LGBTQ+ and 1.4 million adults (0.6 percent of the U.S. adult population) who identify as transgender.

same-sex relationships form within the culturally defined social norms that organize sexuality and pair bonding in a society

improves one’s sense of self-worth, increasing optimism and positive affect

moderate model defines family as “all households with children, including same-sex households.

occurred

Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant (Figure 4.1.34.1.3\PageIndex{3}). If we add so much base to a buffer that the weak acid is exhausted, no more buffering action toward the base is possible.

A solution of acetic acid (CH3COOHCH3COOH\ce{CH3COOH} and sodium acetate CH3COONaCH3COONa\ce{CH3COONa}) is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt.

dEtrialdζ=μe44ϵ20h(2ζ−278)=0

u

Identify the element with 35 protons and write the symbols for its isotopes with 44 and 46 neutrons.

Arjuna, this is the superconscious state of mind. Attaining this state, one is no longer deluded. Gaining this state, even at the end of one’s life, a person becomes one with the Absolute.

How has the dejection come to you at this juncture? This is not fit for a person of noble mind and deeds. It is disgraceful, and it does not lead one to heaven, O Arjuna.

He did not want to see the horrors of the war; but preferred to get the war report through his charioteer, Sanjaya. Sage Vyasa granted the power of clairvoyance to Sanjaya.

The war of Mahabharata has begun after all negotiations by Lord Krishna and others to avoid it failed.

Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.E.) , who believed that it was the brain and not the heart where the locus of the mind resided. He wrote: "It ought to be generally known that the source of our pleasure, merriment, laughter, and amusement, as of our grief, pain, anxiety, and tears is none other than the brain. It is specially the organ which enables us to think, see, and hear......It is the brain too which is the seat of madness and delirium, of the fears and frights which assail us" (Gross, 1987, p. 843-844).

Early philosophers, such as Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.), believed that one's mind resided in the heart. He believed that since our blood started from the heart, the soul also originated there. Plato (428-347 B.C.E.) argued that the executor of reason was the heart and our animalistic desires and emotions were controlled by the liver

1949, Donald Hebb wrote his influential book, The Organization of Behavior, where he introduced the first comprehensive theory on how the brain might create and control complex psychological functioning, such as thought, memories, emotions and perceptions.

Later discoveries of neuropeptides, neuromodulators, and certain gases have added to the complexity of chemical communication in the brain.

the neuron doctrine, the hypothesis that the functional unit of the brain is the neuron, also known as a nerve cell

the identification of the specific structural unit responsible for these brain functions, the neuron

With their high level of detail, MRI and fMRI are often used to compare the brains of healthy individuals to the brains of individuals diagnosed with psychological disorders.

The first image of the brain by CT scan was in 1971 by Godfrey Hounsfield.

In 1953, Kleitman and Aserinsky discovered Rapid Eye Movement (REM) using EEG on sleeping subjects.

In 1924, Hans Berger recorded the first human brain EEG. This machine allowed researchers to study the overall electrical activity of the brain.

In 1848, John Martyn Harlow treated Phineas Gage and documented his case. Gage, who was a railroad worker, had his frontal lobe pierced by an iron tamping rod in a blasting accident. He survived the trauma but suffered extensive damage to his left prefrontal cortex (Macmillan, 2001). Through Gage's case study, Harlow showed the connection between the prefrontal cortex damage, executive functioning, and personality changes.

Free will vs. determinism is an issue that is far from being resolved and remains controversial even among scientists, including biological psychologists.

hich literally means that the mind and the functioning of the brain (assumed to be entirely physical) are two (dual) separate processes, completely independent of one another.

mind-body dualism or mind-brain dualism,

his means that the mind, our mental processes and subjective mental experiences, must also be entirely physical processes in an entirely material brain.

For example, we now know that damage to an area of the brain known as the primary visual cortex, at the very back of your head in the occipital lobe, will result in blindness even though the rest of your visual system, including your eyes, is functioning normally.

destroyed and/or removed as much as 90% of the brain tissue of their animal subjects.  Nevertheless, these animals could still perform basic behavioral and physiological functions. Some who read these results made the incorrect assumption that this meant that animals were using only 10% of their brains.  Subsequently, this interpretation was generalized to humans (Elias and Saucer, 2006).

Studies of humans with brain damage have revealed that the effects of brain damage are correlated with where the damage is and how extensive it is.

Nevertheless, these animals could still perform basic behavioral and physiological functions. Some who read these results made the incorrect assumption that this meant that animals were using only 10% of their brains.  Subsequently, this interpretation was generalized to humans

The frequently repeated claim that humans use only 10% of their brains is false

Because all behavior is controlled by the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), biopsychologists seek to understand how the brain functions in order to understand behavior and mental activities

With advances in research methods, more complex topics such as language, reasoning, decision making, intelligence, and consciousness are now being studied intensely by biological psychologists.

On this view, the mind is what the brain does

is the application of this principle to psychology and psychological processes

The entire universe is governed by physical laws.  This view of the universe is called materialism or physicalism--the view that everything that exists in the universe consists of matter, energy, and other physical forces and processes.

Furthermore, prominent psychologists and researchers, such as Albert Einstein, Margaret Mead, and William James, were also quoted as saying that humans are using only a small portion of their brain (Elias and Saucer, 2006), fueling the 10% myth.

Biological psychologists are interested in measuring biological, physiological, or genetic variables

Biopsychology is the study of biological mechanisms of behavior and mental processes.

the localization of function.  This principle means that specific psychological and behavioral processes are localized to specific regions and networks of the brain.

The frequently repeated claim that humans use only 10% of their brains is false

Key areas of focus within the field include sensation and perception; motivated behavior (such as hunger, thirst, and sex); control of movement; learning and memory; sleep and biological rhythms; and emotion.

LSEs

What is the group number for oxygen?

Social neuroscience uses the brain and body to understand how we think and act, with a focus on how we think about and act toward other people. It is an interdisciplinary field that uses a range of neuroscience measures to understand how other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and behavior. (We will examine this branch more in depth in Cognition and Intelligence Chapter)

Phototrophy is the process by which organisms trap light energy (photons) and store it as chemical energy in the form of ATP and/or reducing power in NADPH. There are two major types of phototrophy

northern artists such as Jan van Eyck introduced powerful and influential changes, such as the perfection of oil paint and almost impossible representation of minute detail, practices that clearly distinguish Northern art from Italian art as well as art from the preceding centuries.

polymorphisms

MENYIMPULKAN

Parenting is bidirectional.

нейромедіатор: ендогенна хімічна речовина, яка передає сигнали від нейрона до клітини-мішені через синапс. ацетилхолін: Цей нейромедіатор діє на нервово-м'язовий стик і синтезується з оцтової кислоти та холіну. Біогенні аміни: Нейромедіатори, розподілені в мозку, де вони відіграють певну роль в емоційній поведінці та допомагають регулювати біологічний годинник. глутамат: амінокислота, яка сприяє збудливим ефектам, збільшуючи ймовірність того, що клітина-мішень вистрілить потенціал дії.

___________________________

c) political scale: _________________________ (tercer párrafo)

_______________________________

___________________________

This idea is explained in the figure below.

Since on the earth, the ggg in the equation is equal to one, weight and mass are considered equal on earth. It is important to note that although ggg is equal to one in basic equations, it actually differs throughout earth by a small fraction depending on location; gravity at the equator is less than at the poles.

Ethos, logos, and pathos were Aristotle’s three forms of rhetorical proof, meaning they were primary to his theories of persuasion. Ethos refers to the credibility of a speaker and includes three dimensions: competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism. The two most researched dimensions of credibility are competence and trustworthiness (Stiff & Mongeau, 2003).

Inductive reasoning reaches conclusions through the citation of examples and is the most frequently used form of logical reasoning (Walter, 1966). While introductory speakers are initially attracted to inductive reasoning because it seems easy, it can be difficult to employ well. Inductive reasoning, unlike deductive reasoning, doesn’t result in true or false conclusions. Instead, since conclusions are generalized based on observations or examples, conclusions are “more likely” or “less likely.” Despite the fact that this type of reasoning isn’t definitive, it can still be valid and persuasive.