Benjamin's travelogue is a product of his imagination, influenced by biblical authority and rumors, rather than actual geographical knowledge.

personal experience and is likely an insertion made by him or a later editor.

rather a way to link places along a real but somewhat abstracted route.

travel times in the Sefer masa'ot may be unrealistic.

medieval understanding of travel writing.

partiality for southern French communities,

Book of Travels as a literary work rather than a positivist account,