Northeastern University President Joseph Aoun outlines as essential literacies in Robot-Proof: Higher Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. In addition to technical and data literacies, he shares two key components of human literacy. First, a set of “catalytic capacities” that include: Initiative and self-reliance Comfort with risk Flexibility and adaptability Second, a set of “creative capacities” that include: Opportunity recognition, or the ability to see and experience problems as opportunities to create solutions Creative innovation, or the ability to create solutions without clearly defined structures Future innovation, or the disposition to orient toward future developments in society

Unlike traditional degrees, digital credentials allow potential employers to verify skills and students to showcase these skills