Recently, numerous reports 131 have emphasised the significant electricity consumption in front-end manufacturing by drawing comparisons with homes, 132 cities 133 134 and even national energy usage levels. 135 According to our calculations, the electricity consumption of the European semiconductor industry in 2030 will be around 47.4 tWh (a steep increase from 10tWh in 2021), which is around half that of European data centres (98.5 tWh). 136 Electricity is the biggest single source of GHG emissions