Case#: P3, 9-years-old Saudi girl

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002028, HP:0005425, HP:0100281

CaseHPOFreeText: P3 is a 9 years old girl with history of chronic diarrhea and recurrent sinopulmonary infections since the age of 4 months. Immunological evaluation at age of 3 years showed normal complete blood counts and differential, lymphocytes subsets, lymphocytes proliferation and oxidative burst assays. Her IgG level was 3.1 gm/L with normal IgA and IgM levels and her antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine could not be well assessed as she received conjugated pneumococcal vaccines (Table 1). Her recurrent chest infections improved after starting intravenous immunoglobulins. Upper and lower endoscopies showed architectural distortion with focal cryptitis from cecum, ascending and transverse colon biopsies and severe active chronic colitis with crypt abscesses and ulcerations from sigmoid and rectal biopsies with no viral cytopathic changes or granuloma. Her diarrhea was treated mainly with sulfasalazine therapy. Her weight and height are normal in spite of her chronic diarrhea.

Variant: NM_005026.4: c.433delinsGA: p.Q145Efs*51

GenotypingMethod: DNA from all individuals we had access to was submitted for whole-genome genotyping, to determine regions of autozygosity that are shared between all affecteds. This was done under the assumption of an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, given the nature of the pedigree and the presence of parental consanguinity. Three such regions were highlighted by the software, of which the largest was a 12.3 Mb block on Chr 1 (Fig. 1B). Simultaneously we submitted the DNA from patient P1 for WES, and followed the NGS filtering scheme indicated in Fig. 1C. Once we had limited our search area to the regions of shared autozygosity which were exclusive to the three patients, no variants survived our filtering except for one

CAID: CA3252646241

**Case#: ** P1, 19-years-old Saudi male

**DiseaseAssertion: ** P1 is asserted to have "Crohn disease" and "CMV gastritis"

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002028, HP:0005425, HP:0000964, HP:0011473, HP:0200120

CaseHPOFreeText: P1 is a 19 year old boy with history of chronic diarrhea, recurrent sinopulmonary infections and dermatitis since the age of 2 months. At age of 1 year full upper and lower endoscopy showed duodenal villous atrophy and mild duodenitis, and antrum biopsy was suggestive of CMV gastritis with no significant colon biopsy findings. At 13 years of age he was evaluated by immunology service to rule out IEI. His complete blood counts and differential, lymphocytes subsets, lymphocytes proliferation and oxidative burst assays were normal. His IgG level was subnormal for age (4.2 gm/L) with undetectable IgM levels (Table 1). He was started on intravenous immunoglobulins with good clinical response in regard to his recurrent sinopulmonary infections. He continued to have chronic diarrhea that on frequent occasions was bloody, but he had normal weight gain and growth. Upper and lower endoscopies were performed on several occasions and showed severe chronic active colitis with ulcerations, epithelial reactive changes with granulomatous tissue formation suggestive of Crohn disease. His diarrhea responded partially to sulfasalazine therapy and short courses of steroids.

Variant: NM_005026.4: c.433delinsGA: p.Q145Efs*51

GenotypingMethod: DNA from all individuals we had access to was submitted for whole-genome genotyping, to determine regions of autozygosity that are shared between all affecteds. This was done under the assumption of an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, given the nature of the pedigree and the presence of parental consanguinity. Three such regions were highlighted by the software, of which the largest was a 12.3 Mb block on Chr 1 (Fig. 1B). Simultaneously we submitted the DNA from patient P1 for WES, and followed the NGS filtering scheme indicated in Fig. 1C. Once we had limited our search area to the regions of shared autozygosity which were exclusive to the three patients, no variants survived our filtering except for one

CAID: CA3252646241

Case#: P2, 18-years-old Saudi girl

DiseaseAssertion: P1 is asserted to have "eosinophilic colitis"

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002028, HP:0005425, HP:0000964

CaseHPOFreeText: P2 is an 18 years old girl with history of chronic diarrhea, recurrent sinopulmonary infections and dermatitis since the age of 5 months. Immunological evaluation at age of 12 years showed normal complete blood counts and differential, lymphocytes subsets, lymphocytes proliferation and oxidative burst assays. Her IgG level was subnormal for age (3.6 gm/L) with undetectable IgM levels and poor antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Table 1). Her recurrent chest infections improved after starting intravenous immunoglobulins. She continued to have chronic diarrhea that was frequently bloody, but she also maintained normal weight gain and growth. Upper and lower endoscopies showed colonic heavy infiltration by eosinophils and focal eosinophilic abscesses consistent with eosinophilic colitis. Similar to her brother, the diarrhea responded partially to sulfasalazine therapy and short courses of steroids.

Variant: NM_005026.4: c.433delinsGA: p.Q145Efs*51

GenotypingMethod: DNA from all individuals we had access to was submitted for whole-genome genotyping, to determine regions of autozygosity that are shared between all affecteds. This was done under the assumption of an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, given the nature of the pedigree and the presence of parental consanguinity. Three such regions were highlighted by the software, of which the largest was a 12.3 Mb block on Chr 1 (Fig. 1B). Simultaneously we submitted the DNA from patient P1 for WES, and followed the NGS filtering scheme indicated in Fig. 1C. Once we had limited our search area to the regions of shared autozygosity which were exclusive to the three patients, no variants survived our filtering except for one

CAID: CA3252646241

Case#: male, onset at or before age 12 months, ethnicity not specified DiseaseAssertion: Patient is asserted to have both "SHORT syndrome" and "X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA)" due to "absence of peripheral B cells" and "features of SHORT syndrome such as hyperextensibility, vision abnormalities, lack of fat tissue, triangular face, extroverted ears, ocular depression, [and] developmental and teething delay" CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000974 (Hyperextensible skin), HP:0000504 (Abnormality of vision), HP:0005320 (Lack of facial subcutaneous fat), HP:0000325 (Triangular face), HP:0000430 (Underdeveloped nasal alae), HP:0000490 (Deeply set eye), HP:0000750 (Delayed speech and language development), HP:0002719 (Recurrent infections), HP:0030084 (Clinodactyly), HP:0045075 (Sparse eyebrow), HP:0000540 (Hypermetropia), HP:0000696 (Delayed eruption of permanent teeth) CaseHPOFreeText: A current 9 year old was diagnosed with XLA with SHORT at age 15 months after presenting with skin lesions, scrotal swelling and ulcers along with recurring upper and lower tract infections after 6 months of age. Evaluations for immunodeficiencies were performed. Basic immunoglobulin levels and lymphocyte subsets were measured, which suggested an XLA diagnosis. Delays in developmental milestones observed by the mother and physical examination suggested SHORT syndrome. CaseNotHPOs: HP:0000558 (Rieger anomaly), HP:0000364 (Hearing abnormality) GenotypingMethod: Genotyping was performed by whole exome sequencing, whivh revealed a novel pathogenic homozygous frameshift mutation in the PIK3R1 gene. PreviouslyPublished: No prior article is known to contain information on the same proband. Variant: The patient harbors NM_181523.3:c.244dup(p.(lle82Asnfs24) chr5:67522740) variant in the homozygous state. ClinVar: This variant was not found in ClinVar CAID: This variant was not found in the ClinGen Allele Registry. gnomAD:* The variant was not found in gnomAD v4.1.0.

Case#: Index patient, 6 years old (age at report), caucasian, male

DiseaseAssertion: Creatine transporter deficiency

FamilyInfo: Mother and maternal grandmother have history of learning disabilities, severely retarded uncle, unnaffected aunt

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001290 , HP:0006863, HP:0000750, HP:0001256 (Hypotonia, severe expressive language delay, severe speech delay, mild mental retardation)

CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

Biochemical analyte testing: Increased creatine levels in urine and plasma

Brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS): Brain proton MRS revealed an almost complete absence of the creatine signal.

Creatine uptake assay: Creatine uptake was measured in total cell lysates, creatine concentration of 25 μM uptake level was negligible, and creatine concentration of1 25 μM uptake level was negligible.

Variant: No varient ID directly identified. Hemizygous nonsense mutation, A 1539C→T transition in SLC6A8 (GenBank accession number NM_005629) resulted in the substitution of an arginine codon by a termination codon (R514→X).

ClinVarID: N/A

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

Zygosity: Hemizygous

MaternalGenotype: grandmother aunt, and mother heterozygous for mutation

AdditionalParentalTesting: N/A

AlsoPublished: PMID: 11261517

Case#: V3, Pakistan, female, 23 years old (report),

DiseaseAssertion: GAMT deficiency

FamilyInfo: Patient V3 is a sister of V1. Consanguineous family.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010864, HP:0001250, HP:0001257, HP:0003487, HP:0001251, HP:0001761 (severe intellectual disability, seizure, spasticity, Babinski sign, ataxia, pes cavus)

CaseHPOFreeText: Neonatal onset of seizures, Spasticity in upper and lower limbs, Peripheral neuropathy probably present, sitting delayed, standing delayed, walking delayed, never developed speech

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0001347 (hyperreflexia)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: Bed ridden, recurrent bone fractures

Biochemical analyte testing:

Brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS): N/A

GAMT activity assay: N/A

Zygosity: Homozygous / compound heterozygous.

Variant 1: c.134G > A (p.Trp45)

ClinVarID: N/A

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

Variant 2: N/A

ClinVarID: N/A

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

ParentalGenotypes: Both parents confirmed to be heterozygous for c.134G > A

AlsoPublished: N/A

Case#: V1, Pakistan, male, 25 years old (report),

DiseaseAssertion: GAMT deficiency

FamilyInfo: Patient V1 is a brother of V3. Consanguineous family.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010864, HP:0001250, HP:0001347, HP:0001257, HP:0003487, HP:0001251, HP:0001761 (severe intellectual disability, seizure, hyperreflexia, spasticity, Babinski sign, ataxia, pes cavus)

CaseHPOFreeText: Neonatal onset of seizures, Spasticity in upper and lower limbs, Peripheral neuropathy probably present, sitting delayed, standing delayed, walking delayed, never developed speech, bed ridden since age 17, recurrent bone fractures

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

Biochemical analyte testing: GAA: 13.7 μmol/L, creatine: 2 μmol/L

Brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS): N/A

GAMT activity assay: N/A

Zygosity: Homozygous

Variant 1: c.134G > A (p.Trp45)

ClinVarID: N/A

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

Variant 2: N/A

ClinVarID: N/A

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

ParentalGenotypes: Both parents confirmed to be heterozygous for c.134G > A

AlsoPublished: N/A