On 2016 Apr 22, Kenneth Witwer commented:

My co-authors and I found no uptake of milk miRNAs, examining the same samples reported in this paper as well as public sequencing data from these samples, Shu J, 2015. The findings encompass the two miRNAs reported by Baier et al, which are homologous in human and cow and could not be assigned to source or human by the methods of the paper, and a variety of additional miRNAs, even uniquely bovine miRNAs. It appears that both previously offered hypotheses for the observations of Baier, et al are now unsupported: the exogenous uptake hypothesis and my hypothesis, glucose-mediated regulation of endogenous RNA, Witwer KW, 2014. Instead, as also supported by rigorous experiments with genetically manipulated mouse models, Laubier J, 2015, Title AC, 2015, milk miRNAs, like other dietary RNAs Witwer KW, 2014, Dickinson B, 2013, Snow JW, 2013, do not appear to reach biologically meaningful levels in circulation, whatever this might mean, or indeed be taken up at all through the intact mammalian gut.

On 2016 Apr 22, Kenneth Witwer commented:

My co-authors and I found no uptake of milk miRNAs, examining the same samples reported in this paper as well as public sequencing data from these samples, Shu J, 2015. The findings encompass the two miRNAs reported by Baier et al, which are homologous in human and cow and could not be assigned to source or human by the methods of the paper, and a variety of additional miRNAs, even uniquely bovine miRNAs. It appears that both previously offered hypotheses for the observations of Baier, et al are now unsupported: the exogenous uptake hypothesis and my hypothesis, glucose-mediated regulation of endogenous RNA, Witwer KW, 2014. Instead, as also supported by rigorous experiments with genetically manipulated mouse models, Laubier J, 2015, Title AC, 2015, milk miRNAs, like other dietary RNAs Witwer KW, 2014, Dickinson B, 2013, Snow JW, 2013, do not appear to reach biologically meaningful levels in circulation, whatever this might mean, or indeed be taken up at all through the intact mammalian gut.