On 2015 Sep 25, David Keller commented:

More observational evidence suggesting cardiovascular benefits associated with testosterone replacement

This observational study found that TRT (testosterone replacement therapy) dosing resulting in normalization of serum testosterone levels was associated with greater benefits than were lower doses. Association of an intervention with a benefit in an observational study does not prove causation and cannot be used to prove the safety or efficacy of the intervention. Observational studies are inherently affected by confounding variables which can only be eliminated by conducting a randomized controlled trial of the intervention.

Indeed, the authors conclude that "adequately powered, prospective, well-designed trials with a long-term follow-up will be needed to reach a conclusive agreement regarding the effect of TRT on CV risk."

We certainly have more than enough results from observational studies at this time to justify the expense of a large prospective randomized trial of testosterone replacement therapy. Given the possibility that the cardiovascular benefits associated with TRT may be caused by TRT, it is a major disservice to ageing men to delay the definitive randomized trial any longer.

On 2015 Sep 25, David Keller commented:

More observational evidence suggesting cardiovascular benefits associated with testosterone replacement

This observational study found that TRT (testosterone replacement therapy) dosing resulting in normalization of serum testosterone levels was associated with greater benefits than were lower doses. Association of an intervention with a benefit in an observational study does not prove causation and cannot be used to prove the safety or efficacy of the intervention. Observational studies are inherently affected by confounding variables which can only be eliminated by conducting a randomized controlled trial of the intervention.

Indeed, the authors conclude that "adequately powered, prospective, well-designed trials with a long-term follow-up will be needed to reach a conclusive agreement regarding the effect of TRT on CV risk."

We certainly have more than enough results from observational studies at this time to justify the expense of a large prospective randomized trial of testosterone replacement therapy. Given the possibility that the cardiovascular benefits associated with TRT may be caused by TRT, it is a major disservice to ageing men to delay the definitive randomized trial any longer.