On 2016 Apr 04, Donald Forsdyke commented:

COLLECTIVE GENE FUNCTIONS SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Gene products have both individual and collective functions (e.g. the Donnan equilibrium; 1). Wang et al. suggest that female susceptibility to autoimmune diseases may reflect incomplete dosage-compensation, which results in overexpression of certain X chromosome-located, immunity-related, genes (2). However, they refer to studies by Scofield and colleagues [ref. 11] on diseases with changes in numbers of entire X chromosomes (e.g. XXY), indicating biallelic expression of many genes. Scofield has noted that collective, as well as specific, gene functions must be considered (3). This is in keeping the hypothesis that the cytosolic aggregation pressure exerted by the protein collective is immunologically important (4, 5). <br>

1.Loeb J (1921) Donnan equilibrium and the physical properties of proteins. 1. Membrane potentials. J Gen Physiol. 3:667-90. Loeb J, 1921<br>

2.Wang J et al. (2016) Unusual maintenance of X chromosome inactivation predisposes female lymphocytes for increased expression from the inactive X. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA doi/10.1073/pnas.1520113113 Wang J, 2016<br>

3.Dillon SP et al. (2012) Sex chromosome aneuploidies among men with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 38:J129-J134.Dillon SP, 2012<br>

4.Forsdyke DR (2009) X chromosome reactivation perturbs intracellular self/not-self discrimination. Imm Cell Biol (2009) 87:525-528. Forsdyke DR, 2009<br>

5.Forsdyke DR (2012) Ohno's hypothesis and Muller's paradox: sex chromosome dosage compensation may serve collective gene functions. BioEssays 34:930-933. Forsdyke DR, 2012

On 2016 Apr 04, Donald Forsdyke commented:

COLLECTIVE GENE FUNCTIONS SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Gene products have both individual and collective functions (e.g. the Donnan equilibrium; 1). Wang et al. suggest that female susceptibility to autoimmune diseases may reflect incomplete dosage-compensation, which results in overexpression of certain X chromosome-located, immunity-related, genes (2). However, they refer to studies by Scofield and colleagues [ref. 11] on diseases with changes in numbers of entire X chromosomes (e.g. XXY), indicating biallelic expression of many genes. Scofield has noted that collective, as well as specific, gene functions must be considered (3). This is in keeping the hypothesis that the cytosolic aggregation pressure exerted by the protein collective is immunologically important (4, 5). <br>

1.Loeb J (1921) Donnan equilibrium and the physical properties of proteins. 1. Membrane potentials. J Gen Physiol. 3:667-90. Loeb J, 1921<br>

2.Wang J et al. (2016) Unusual maintenance of X chromosome inactivation predisposes female lymphocytes for increased expression from the inactive X. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA doi/10.1073/pnas.1520113113 Wang J, 2016<br>

3.Dillon SP et al. (2012) Sex chromosome aneuploidies among men with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 38:J129-J134.Dillon SP, 2012<br>

4.Forsdyke DR (2009) X chromosome reactivation perturbs intracellular self/not-self discrimination. Imm Cell Biol (2009) 87:525-528. Forsdyke DR, 2009<br>

5.Forsdyke DR (2012) Ohno's hypothesis and Muller's paradox: sex chromosome dosage compensation may serve collective gene functions. BioEssays 34:930-933. Forsdyke DR, 2012