19 Matching Annotations
  1. Nov 2025
    1. ‘ I thank thee for the wisdom which thy lips Have thus let fall among us : prythee tell From what high source, from what philosophies Didst cull the sapient notion of thy words?’

      Through Socrates’ choice of words in this passage, he comes across as arrogantly dismissive. Using sarcasm, he comments, what on the surface sounds like a compliment: “I thank thee for the wisdom which thy lips / Have thus let fall among us,” as actually belittling. The phrase “have thus let fall among us” portrays her input as something not freely given or valued; it was blurted out and unsolicited. His snide questions: “From what high source, from what philosophies / Didst cull the sapient notion of thy words?” imply that even if her words were worthy, they could not possibly have come from her own mind. Socrates shows no genuine respect for Xantippe, acknowledging her only in the limited capacity allowed to women in domestic spaces. Amy Levy’s choice of including this passage reflects her broader interest in exposing the ways women’s intelligence and emotional lives were devalued. By featuring Socrates’ dismissive tone, Levy demonstrates the societal conditions of Victorian women like herself, who were often denied intellectual recognition and confined to narrowly defined roles. Just as Xantippe is belittled despite her perception, Victorian women faced systemic obstacles to being taken seriously. This makes Levy’s dramatic monologue a commentary on the ongoing marginalization of women’s minds.

  2. Jan 2022
    1. Aspects of a villains life

      1. Network - Who does your villain know? The villain's network is his circle of friends, family, and professional associates or acquaintances in positions of power. A villain's network of associations affects both the heroes' ability to defeat their enemy, and to the resources a vil- lain uses to accomplish his goals.
    2. Aspects of a villains life

      1. Personal history - secrets, lies and dark deeds can paint a picture of the past and be used as foreshadowing. In Gothic horror, the process of uncovering the back-story of a place or character is often the protagonists' motivation. Many ghost stories require the heroes to discover a tragedy of the ghost.
    3. Aspects of a villains life

      1. Occupation - what does the villain do to support himself? Example: Bakshra is a petty warlord who oversees his castle and is supported by the serfs who work the surrounding farmland.

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  3. Mar 2019
    1. We have previously shown that antinociceptive effects of morphine are enhanced in histamine H1 receptor gene knockout mice.

      H1 antihistamines enhance the opioid high in humans. Hospitals sometimes administer antihistamines in combination with opioids. It's not hard to find people online who are using this combination recreationally.

  4. Aug 2018
    1. Furthermore, no significant relationship (correlation coefficient: r < 0.3) was observed between beta 1 receptor occupancies of the drugs and the number of dreams. On the other hand, good relationships (r > 0.95) were observed between central and peripheral beta 2 or central 5-HT receptor occupancies and the number of dreams. These findings suggest that beta 2 and/or 5-HT receptor occupancy is superior to beta 1 receptor occupancy as an index for the sleep disorders.

      This suggests that a beta 2 agonist may be appropriate for sleep.

      Note: they appear to be talking about the number of dreams recalled (due to awakenings) rather than the actual number of dreams.

    1. Analysis of the subjective questionnaires showed that recollection of dreaming and awakening in the night was increased by the three lipophilic drugs, propranolol, metoprolol, and pindolol. These results confirm reports in the literature but are contrary to those expected from considering the effects of noradrenaline on sleep. Analysis of physiological records confirmed subjects' reports that waking was increased by the lipophilic drugs. Dreaming (rapid eye movement sleep, REM) was reduced, as predicted from knowledge of the effect of noradrenaline on sleep. Increased awakening leads to an increase in remembered dreaming which explains the otherwise paradoxical results.

      Surprisingly, beta-blockers, unlike alpha-blockers, appear to impair sleep.

    2. These results confirm reports in the literature but are contrary to those expected from considering the effects of noradrenaline on sleep. Analysis of physiological records confirmed subjects' reports that waking was increased by the lipophilic drugs. Dreaming (rapid eye movement sleep, REM) was reduced, as predicted from knowledge of the effect of noradrenaline on sleep. Increased awakening leads to an increase in remembered dreaming which explains the otherwise paradoxical results.

      Surprisingly, beta-blockers, unlike alpha-blockers, appear detrimental to sleep. I would speculate that this could be the result of a shift in autonomic tone, similar to how caffeine tends to lower heart rate.

  5. Oct 2017
    1. Beta blockers have long been associated with sleep disturbances such as difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, and insomnia. They have been shown to reduce the production of melatonin via specific inhibition of beta-1 adrenergic receptors. Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain, and helps in maintaining normal circadian rhythms.6,20-21 People with hypertension already have a lower melatonin production rate than those with normal blood pressure.22

      The question becomes, then, do beta blockers impair sleep when exogenous melatonin is administered concurrently?