- Jan 2022
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Local file Local file
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Aspects of a villains life
- Skills and abilities - Give the character a twist. Take an existing attribute and exaggerate it.
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Aspects of a villains life
- Appearance : choose one or two unique physical characteristics. Be careful of avoiding stereotypes!
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Aspects of a villains life
- Network - Who does your villain know? The villain's network is his circle of friends, family, and professional associates or acquaintances in positions of power. A villain's network of associations affects both the heroes' ability to defeat their enemy, and to the resources a vil- lain uses to accomplish his goals.
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Aspects of a villains life
- Personal history - secrets, lies and dark deeds can paint a picture of the past and be used as foreshadowing. In Gothic horror, the process of uncovering the back-story of a place or character is often the protagonists' motivation. Many ghost stories require the heroes to discover a tragedy of the ghost.
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Aspects of a villains life
- Surroundings - a villains lair is a good piece of worldbuilding.
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Aspects of a villains life
- Tastes and preferences - a villains tastes can contribute to his villainy
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Aspects of a villains life
- Attitudes and behaviours - both their attitude toward others and their behaviour toward others. A person's attitude is not always congruent with their behaviour.
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Aspects of a villains life
- Motive -a bad motive is a need or desire pushed to excess and pursued at the expense of other people. Example: Greed is a desire for security pushed beyond reason.
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Aspects of a villains life
- Objective - the villains objective must be in direct opposition to that of the heroes. He may want to kill one of their friends or relations.
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Aspects of a villains life
- Occupation - what does the villain do to support himself? Example: Bakshra is a petty warlord who oversees his castle and is supported by the serfs who work the surrounding farmland.
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What is a villain?
- Villains are an opposing force.
- Villains are powerful adversaries
- Villains are unsympathetic (maybe not?)
- Villains have bad motives
- Villains engage emotions
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- Mar 2019
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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We have previously shown that antinociceptive effects of morphine are enhanced in histamine H1 receptor gene knockout mice.
H1 antihistamines enhance the opioid high in humans. Hospitals sometimes administer antihistamines in combination with opioids. It's not hard to find people online who are using this combination recreationally.
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- Aug 2018
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www.mayoclinic.org www.mayoclinic.org
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Dizziness or lightheadedness may be more likely to occur in the elderly, who are more sensitive to the effects of phenoxybenzamine. In addition, phenoxybenzamine may reduce tolerance to cold temperatures in elderly patients.
Increased sensitivity to cold by phenoxybenzamine could be the result of heat dissipation via peripheral vasodilation.
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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In these two systems, the alpha 1 adrenergic receptor reappearance followed a monoexponential kinetic allowing to determine the half-life of the receptor (23h in vitro, 33h in vivo) as well as the rate of receptor synthesis and degradation.
Thus, the effective pharmacological half life of phenoxybenzamine is roughly 1 day.
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Furthermore, no significant relationship (correlation coefficient: r < 0.3) was observed between beta 1 receptor occupancies of the drugs and the number of dreams. On the other hand, good relationships (r > 0.95) were observed between central and peripheral beta 2 or central 5-HT receptor occupancies and the number of dreams. These findings suggest that beta 2 and/or 5-HT receptor occupancy is superior to beta 1 receptor occupancy as an index for the sleep disorders.
This suggests that a beta 2 agonist may be appropriate for sleep.
Note: they appear to be talking about the number of dreams recalled (due to awakenings) rather than the actual number of dreams.
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Analysis of the subjective questionnaires showed that recollection of dreaming and awakening in the night was increased by the three lipophilic drugs, propranolol, metoprolol, and pindolol. These results confirm reports in the literature but are contrary to those expected from considering the effects of noradrenaline on sleep. Analysis of physiological records confirmed subjects' reports that waking was increased by the lipophilic drugs. Dreaming (rapid eye movement sleep, REM) was reduced, as predicted from knowledge of the effect of noradrenaline on sleep. Increased awakening leads to an increase in remembered dreaming which explains the otherwise paradoxical results.
Surprisingly, beta-blockers, unlike alpha-blockers, appear to impair sleep.
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These results confirm reports in the literature but are contrary to those expected from considering the effects of noradrenaline on sleep. Analysis of physiological records confirmed subjects' reports that waking was increased by the lipophilic drugs. Dreaming (rapid eye movement sleep, REM) was reduced, as predicted from knowledge of the effect of noradrenaline on sleep. Increased awakening leads to an increase in remembered dreaming which explains the otherwise paradoxical results.
Surprisingly, beta-blockers, unlike alpha-blockers, appear detrimental to sleep. I would speculate that this could be the result of a shift in autonomic tone, similar to how caffeine tends to lower heart rate.
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- Oct 2017
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www.lifeextension.com www.lifeextension.com
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Beta blockers have long been associated with sleep disturbances such as difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, and insomnia. They have been shown to reduce the production of melatonin via specific inhibition of beta-1 adrenergic receptors. Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain, and helps in maintaining normal circadian rhythms.6,20-21 People with hypertension already have a lower melatonin production rate than those with normal blood pressure.22
The question becomes, then, do beta blockers impair sleep when exogenous melatonin is administered concurrently?
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