The group on the right shows processes that manipulate the data inside thedatabases. Some of these processes are routine, while others are brought upon byperiodic system upgrades, mass data updates, database redesign, and a variety ofad-hoc activities. Unfortunately, in practice most of these procedures lack timeand resources, as well as reliable meta data necessary to understand all data qualityimplications. It is not surprising, then, that internal data processing often leads tonumerous data problems.
However if we had clear interfaces for managing database structures then this might be something that's more easily preventable what if we introduce preflights from the get go instead of going ad-hock.