252 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. Compendio documentado y resumido en torno a los aspectoscientíficos del cáncer con la finalidad de formar criterio en tornoa esta condición de salud. La parte testimonial del autor, inicia enla página.... puede pasar a ese punto (y luego, desde luego) leerla data formativa, por f

      este recuadro debe estar en al pagian entaroi roen ettituo y porn "primera pate infomraiocn teorica

    2. ¿Para qué sirve el cáncer?l cáncer tiene una enorme ventaja que pocas veces se percibe , más allá del impacto que produceen el ánimo personal, familiar y social del paciente . Esa ventaja consiste en que convivir conesta condición nos oblig a a revisa r la importa ncia que da mos al uso de nuestrotiempo: cómo lo empleamos, cuánto tenemos disponible y cómo lo distribuimos de acuerdo conlas prioridades de cada quien.La enfermedad nos lleva a preguntarnos cuánto tiempo desperdiciamos en tareas intrascendentes,

      Despliega mas grnad een genrarl d beemso tenrer los textos mas grande que corte con la guilot eno deb estar el cote ande slsagarndo el fondo

    3. Oración por mi enfermedadSeñor:Te agradezco esta maravillosa y si-lenciosa manera tuya de recordar-me la responsabilidad de cuidareste templo corporal que me hasprestado para mi tránsito fugaz

      Santa teresa de Avisla no de jesus y esto deb estar en un spread esta oracion debe star eesa oracion debe salri en lso documetn adjuntso

    Annotators

    1. Entrevista en el telematutino El DíaHan sido muchas las intervenciones en radio y televisiónque he desarrollado a lo largo de este proceso. De incluirtodas, este texto sería innecesariamente extenso, porello, he seleccionado una de las más interesantes ycompletas, guardando un profundo respeto yagradecimiento por aquellos espacios que también meacogieron con tanto afecto, como el de Carmen ImbertBrugal en su espacio Esperando el Gobierno, en laestación La Z.Para este capítulo, he elegido dos:La entrevista concedida el 20 de febrero de 2026 en elemblemático telematutino El Día (Telesistema, Canal11), conducido por los destacados periodistas EdithFebles y Germán Marte y la realizada por GustavoOlivo, ¿Y tú qué dices...? en Acento TVEdith Febles: José Rafael, si la resiliencia tuviera unrostro, muchos dirían que sería el suyo. ¿Cómo seencuentra?José Rafael Sosa: Muy bien, gracias a Dios. Agradezcoprofundamente la oportunidad de conversar sobre una

      agregar foto de la entrevista

    2. La red institucional de atención oncológica en laRepública Dominicana1. Instituto Oncológico Dr. Heriberto Pieter- Esla institución oncológica de mayor tradición y soleraen el tiempo. Orientado históricamente a brindarasistencia a la población de menores recursos, estecentro —ubicado en la Zona Universitaria de SantoDomingo— ha sido la gran escuela formadora de losoncólogos del país. Su impacto social es inestimablegracias a sus planes de asistencia que facilita

      agrega imagenes de seto

    3. De Heriberto Pieter hasta hoy:Veamos ahora quiénes forman ese ejército de almasiluminadas que nos cuidan del cáncer.Hagamos un recorrido por el universo de ángeles que,en nuestro país, se entregan día a día a la protección ysanación de los pacientes oncológicos. Es una relaciónde instituciones y centros que agrupan a auténticoshéroes y heroínas de la medicina dominicana.El universo de centros y hospitales que ofrecenservicios de oncología en la República Dominicana —y que han salvado la vida de miles de personas— estádefinido por un cuerpo de profesionales profundamentecomprometidos y altamente capacitados. Son hombresy mujeres que aceptaron la sagrada misión de servirfrente a una condición de salud que hoy, gracias a suentrega y al amor por su oficio, ha dejado de ser lasentencia fatal e inexorable de otros tiempos.A través de hospitales públicos, patronatos, clínicasprivadas y centros de diagnóstico especializado, nuestrosmédicos, personal de enfermería y técnicos —apoyadosen plataformas tecnológicas de vanguardia, al nivel de

      integra fotos de Heriberto PIeter, los dos puntos no van..

    4. iguras políticas y jefes de Estado· Ulysses S. Grant (1822–1885): Héroe de laGuerra de Secesión y 18.º presidente de los EstadosUnidos. Gran fumador de puros desde los 23 años —hábito que se intensificó tras la victoria en FortDonelson, donde sus admiradores le regalaron milesde habanos—, consumía alrededor de doce al día,además de whisky. Desarrolló un agresivo cáncer degarganta y cavidad oral en sus últimos años.· Emperador Federico III de Alemania (1831–1888): Asiduo fumador de pipa, es uno de los pacientesmás distinguidos de la realeza en sucumbir por cáncerde laringe. Los errores de diagnóstico y las controversiassobre su tratamiento médico siguen siendo objeto dedebate en la historia de la medicina

      con todas esta fiugras grega imagenes de los personajes

    5. na huella imborrable:Obras y testimonios en la literatura dominicana· 51 días: El regalo del cáncer (2021) — Travy Joe(José Abraham Travieso)El reconocido cantautor y escritor dominicano plasmósu testimonio tras sobrevivir a una agresiva leucemia.En 2019, cuando la enfermedad abarcaba el 90 % de su

      todo esto esta repetido

    6. Capítulo [...]¿Soy el primero en escribir sobre tres cánceres?En los meses previos a sentarme a escribir mepreguntaba —con el oculto deseo de recibir unarespuesta negativa que me ubicara como un precursortestimonial—: ¿Seré el primero en publicar un libro sobre laexperiencia de haber superado tres cánceres?

      revisa esto esta repetido

    7. A 2026, el equipo de radio oncología de Savia Care estáintegrado por: Lourdes Marmolejos , Tomanna PeñaMoya , Jazmín García Villavicencio, Tamara García,Luis Moreno Sánchez y Yeimi Ruiz Ruíz

      a partir de lorud emarmolejos en una columna iniciando con un icon d eun punto

    8. Allí, mi tratamiento radioterápico estuvo bajo la direcciónde la doctora Lourdes Marmolejos, quien me mostró unacondición de doble rostro en el ejercicio de la medicina:disciplina, rigor clínico, actitud docente paraexplicar los detalles y una especial calidez humana.

      agregar foto de lourdes marmolejos

    9. Cumplir rigurosamente los tratamientos indicados, incluidala terapia hormonal o dirigida cuando corresponda.Asistir puntualmente a las consultas y controles deseguimiento.Evitar el tabaco y las formas electrónicas modernas deconsumo de este tóxico social.Mantener peso saludable y realizar actividad físicaregularmente. Caminar o correr es sencillo, seguro yefectivo.Seguir una alimentación equilibrada, rica en frutas, verdurasy fibra.Limitar el consumo de alcohol.Informar al médico sobre cualquier síntoma nuevo opersistente.

      numera esto que sea más didáctico

    10. Recidiva local: el cáncer reaparece en el mismo lugardonde se originó.Recidiva regional: aparece en tejidos o ganglios linfáticoscercanos al sitio original.Recidiva a distancia o metastásica: la enfermedadreaparece en órganos alejados del lugar donde se originó,como los huesos, los pulmones, el hígado o, endeterminados tipos de cáncer, el cerebro

      agregar iconos para entender esto mejor

    11. Aunque escritos en geografías y culturas distintas, todosestos testimonios coincidían en premisas fundamentalesque me llenaron de luz: el cáncer múltiple no es unasentencia automática de derrota, la detección tempranaes el factor determinante para aferrarse a la vida, y la vozde quien lo ha vivido es un insumo insustituible parahumanizar la medicina

      agrega resaltado en un recueadro más importante

    12. Autor y obra Los tres desafíos Enfoque principalTheresa BeebeI’m Still Here Tres cánceres distintos y untumor cerebral. Cómo dejar el “modo supervivencia” parareclamar una vida con propósito y sanación emocional tras traumasseveros.___________________________________________Philip RobsonGoing Against Goliath Melanoma maligno,cáncer de próstata y mieloma múltiple. Combina un trasfondocientífico con una profunda fe, ofreciendo consejos prácticos parapacientes y cuidadores.___________________________________________Dick VitaleUntil My Last Breath Linfoma y cáncer de cuerdasvocales (en dos períodos). El legendario comentarista de ESPNentrelaza su proceso físico con las historias de niños con cáncerque lo inspiraron a no rendirse.Sam Alexandra RoseGut Feelings Sobreviviente de trescánceres por Síndrome de Lynch. Detalla con honestidad losretos psicológicos y de salud mental que implica la vigilanciaconstante y el miedo a la recurrencia.Otros ejemplos internacionales:___________________________

      no deben estar estas lineas fomratea dbemeos tenre una visualizacon de las portadas más elegante

    13. 2 cánceres: 81,715 personas ’! 9.9% del total 3 cánceres: 8,655 ’! 1.1% 4 cánceres: 800 ’! 0.1% 5 o más cánceres: 109 ’! 0.01%

      diagrama, agrega iconos y haz más facil leer

    14. Número de cánceres primariosFrecuencia aproximada1 cáncer La inmensa mayoría de los pacientes,2 cánceres alrededor de 8–10% de los sobrevivientes,dependiendo de la población y seguimiento,3 cánceres mucho menos frecuente, alrededor del 1%en algunas cohortes,4 cánceres muy raro, alrededor de una décima de 1% enuna cohorte reciente

      genera un grafico / diagrama para que sea mas entendible frecuecnia

    15. NCI, utilizando datos de aproximadamente 2 millonesde sobrevivientes, encontró que, de esos pacientes, el9.1% desarrolló una nueva malignidad. https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/def/recidiva?utm_source=chatgpt.co

      mueve las fuentes hacia el final , remueve la referencia de chatgpt , en todos los enlaces, genera codigo qr para cada uno de esto enlaces

    16. SEGUNDA PARTELo testimonialUn testimonio nunca podrá cambiar el pasadodel paciente, pero posee la capacidad decambiar el futuro de quien lo lee. Esa es laforma más profunda, útil y humana de hacerprevención. Nada tiene la fuerza de la versiónexpresada de un ser humano a otro.

      genera arte espciifco esta seccion debe tener otro color en e el latarail otro diseño ya que esto va a ser impreso en

    17. La recidiva del Ca. de PróstataLa recidiva del cáncer es la reaparición de un cáncerdespués de un período durante el cual no eradetectable, generalmente después del tratamientoinicial. Puede presentarse en el mismo lugar dondese originó el tumor o en otra parte del organismo.(https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/d i c c i o n a r i o s / d i c c i o n a r i o - c a n c e r / d e f /recidiva?utm_source=chatgpt.com),

      revisa los terminos imporante. bold italics titusos ubstios y ferencicnesa

    18. Fuentes médicas principales: American Cancer Society– Cáncer de próstata · National Cancer Institute –Detección del cáncer de próstata · USPSTF – ProstateCancer ScreeningCáncer oral, de base de lengua

      esto debe tomarse y ordenarse y aparecer en la sección final.

    19. El Dr. Marcos Wilfredo Pichardo, reconocidoespecialista y docente que laboró años para el InstitutoOncológico Heriberto Pieter y para Instituto Radonic,sostiene: «La próstata es una glándula secretora que solola tiene el hombre. En ella viven y se crían losespermatozoides —la célula germinal masculina— ytambién el semen como secreción asociada al orgasmo.Por encima de los 50 años, entre un 10 % y un 15 % de loshombres pueden verse afectados por esta degeneracióncelular que, de no detectarse a tiempo, puede ser fatal.Habitualmente, el hombre no se interesa por la próstata

      solo el nombre en negrita , de reconcicodo .. etc no va solo los terminos improtantes en bold e italics

    20. CUADRO 1FUENTE: https://www.iarc.who.int/fr/news-events/global-cancer-statistics-2024-globocan-estimates-of-incidence-and-mortality-worldwide-for-34-cancers-in-186-countries/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

      aqui debe ir el cuador y una infografia, no necesitamos que salga asi

    21. El National Cancer Institute (NCI) – con sede en EstadosUnidos sostiene que es una enfermedad en la que algunascélulas del organismo crecen sin control y se diseminanhacia otras partes del cuerpo. El cáncer puede comenzaren prácticamente cualquier zona del organismo y estárelacionado con alteraciones genéticas que afectan losmecanismos que regulan el crecimiento, la división y lamuerte celular. Para fines coloquiales se puede definircomo: conjunto de enfermedades caracterizadas por elcrecimiento y multiplicación descontrolados de célulasanormales, capaces de invadir tejidos y, en determinadoscasos, propagarse a distancia mediante metástasis. (2

      todos estos elementos tiene que estar en lo spied e pagians y cada nuemero de sto deb esalri en un glosario la final del libro dbeemos teern el apendice que muestre todas las refeccnes para que si quiero encontrarlos puedo ir al final del libro y luego se en que pagina

    22. PRIMERA PARTELa información teórica

      tenemos 3 secciones esto debe star con el sidbear de greb, el lateral debe decir cada parta ,

      de que se trata la parte que corresponde agregar spread 2 paginas

    23. Reflexión previa¿Para qué sirve el cáncer?El cáncer tiene una enorme ventaja que pocas vecesse percibe, más allá del impacto que produce en el ánimopersonal, familiar y social del paciente. Esa ventaja consisteen que convivir con esta condición nos obliga a revisarla importancia que damos al uso de nuestro tiempo:cómo lo empleamos, cuánto tenemos disponible y cómolo distribuimos de acuerdo con las prioridades de cadaquien.La enfermedad nos lleva a preguntarnos cuántotiempo desperdiciamos en tareas intrascendentes,desechables, inútiles o, sencillamente, carentes deverdadera importancia. También nos hace mirar con mayorconciencia cuánto de ese tiempo dedicamos a comentariostóxicos o innecesarios, a juzgar a los demás, a alimentarestereotipos y prejuicios o a construir distancias querealmente no necesitamos.El cáncer, sin pretenderlo y sin que ello disminuyaen absoluto su gravedad, nos enseña a priorizar eltiempo. Una de sus moralejas es descubrir que el tiempono es infinito, que cada día tiene un valor irrepetible y que

      quitar reflección previa y tambien debe estar en su pagian aa partes destadcada

    24. El cáncer ha sido representado desde la antigüedadmediante la figura de un cangrejo. En la astrología, elcangrejo simboliza también el signo de Cáncer, unaasociación proveniente de la tradición estelar que no guardarelación con la enfermedad, aunque ambas denominacionescomparten una misma raíz etimológica.

      agregar la imagenes

    25. Decir “gracias” tiene una magia especial yconstituye una actitud a la cual deberíamos apelar con másfrecuencia. No se trata del “gracias” protocolar, ese quese pronuncia de forma mecánica y por costumbre.Se trata de que la otra persona sienta que su acto sereconoce, que fue útil, necesario y oportuno.Agradecer es una de las posibilidades deacercamiento que fomentamos de forma real tanescasamente, que vale la pena darle espacio, para recordara quienes dieron la mano, la ayuda oportuna. El agradeceres uno de los actos de mayor humildad y entrega que puedahacer alguien respecto de los demás. No importa que losagradecidos sean muchos, hay espacio para todos en unlibro, volumen que está libre de las presiones de espaciode texto reducido, que imponen de las redes sociales y elcriterio “express” de las comunicaciones colectivas deldía de hoy

      resaltar la importancia de el dar gracias , que al agradecer el tipo dese mas llamativo y difenrete en referncie a qein se esta agradeciendo. mas grande que el parrafo final

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  2. May 2026
    1. Las investigaciones colectivas de los orientalistas, y en especial los trabajos verificados durante los últimos años por los que se han dedicado al estudio de la Filología comparada y de la Ciencia de las Religiones, les han hecho comprender que un incalculable número de manuscritos, y aun de obras impresas que se sabe han existido, no se encuentran en la actualidad.

      interesante

  3. Sep 2025
    1. MarcoAntonioyTitopodriandartestimoniodeello.

      📜 Timeline comparado Marco Antonio (83–30 a.C.)

      83 a.C. → Nace en Roma.

      41 a.C. → Conoce a Cleopatra en Tarso; empieza la relación.

      36–31 a.C. → Gobierno conjunto con Cleopatra en Oriente, hijos en común.

      31 a.C. → Derrota en Accio frente a Octavio.

      30 a.C. → Se suicida en Alejandría tras la caída de Cleopatra. 👉 Ejemplo clásico de cómo el amor debilitó al gobernante.

      Tito (39–81 d.C.)

      39 d.C. → Nace en Roma, hijo de Vespasiano.

      66 d.C. → Conquista Jerusalén; conoce a Berenice.

      70 d.C. → Regresa a Roma, relación abierta con Berenice.

      79 d.C. → Sube al trono como emperador. Presiones políticas → debe enviarla lejos.

      81 d.C. → Muere joven, sin volver a verla. 👉 Amó a Berenice, pero el poder lo obligó a sacrificarla.

      Adriano (76–138 d.C.)

      76 d.C. → Nace en Itálica (Hispania).

      100 d.C. → Se casa con Vibia Sabina (sobrina nieta de Trajano), matrimonio conflictivo.

      117 d.C. → Sube al trono tras la muerte de Trajano (y la presión de Plotina).

      123 d.C. → Viaja por Grecia; conoce a Antínoo (su gran amor).

      130 d.C. → Muerte de Antínoo en el Nilo (misteriosa: ¿accidente, suicidio, sacrificio?). Adriano lo deifica y funda la ciudad de Antinoópolis.

      138 d.C. → Muere en Baiae. 👉 A diferencia de Tito y Marco Antonio, Adriano no perdió el poder por amor, pero lo sublimó en culto y memoria (Antínoo convertido en dios).

    2. econozcoquelarazonseconfunde.frentealprodigiodel_amor,frenteaesaextrafaobsesidn porlacuallacarne,quetan~Poconospreocupacuando.componenuestropropiocuerpo,y-quesolonosmuevealavarla,aalimentarlay,llegadoel caso,aevitarquesufra,puedellegarainspirarnosundeseotanapasio-nadodecaricias,simplementeporqueestaanimadapor unaindi-vidualidaddiferentedelanuestrayporquepresentaciertos.li-neamientosdebellezasobreloscuales,por.lodemas,losmejores,jueces nosehanpuesto deacuerdo.

      🧠 “La razón se confunde frente al prodigio del amor”

      El emperador admite que el amor desafía la lógica. Lo que parece un fenómeno biológico se transforma en un misterio que no puede explicarse con pura razón.

      🫀 La carne propia vs. la carne ajena

      Nuestro propio cuerpo nos interesa de manera mínima: lo lavamos, lo alimentamos, lo cuidamos para evitar dolor.

      Pero, en el amor, el cuerpo ajeno se convierte en objeto de obsesión, de deseo apasionado.

      ✨ El enigma del deseo

      ¿Por qué?

      Porque ese cuerpo está animado por una individualidad distinta a la nuestra (tiene un alma propia).

      Porque exhibe ciertos trazos de belleza, aunque la belleza es tan subjetiva que ni los mejores jueces coinciden en qué la define.

      🗝️ Sentido profundo

      El texto muestra cómo el amor erosiona la frontera entre lo racional y lo irracional:

      La carne deja de ser mera materia y se convierte en misterio encarnado en el otro.

      El deseo no surge de la carne en sí, sino del hecho de que esa carne es otredad viviente.

      La belleza funciona como chispa, pero es arbitraria y variable.

      👉 En resumen: Adriano reconoce el amor como una paradoja —una fuerza que convierte lo banal (un cuerpo) en lo más precioso, por la simple diferencia de que no es el nuestro.

    3. Partiendo deundespojamientoqueigualaeldelamuerte,deunahumildadqueexcedeladeladerrotaylaple-garia,memaravillodeverrestablecersecadavez lacompleyidaddelasnegativas,lasresponsabilidades,losdones,las tristescon-fesiones,lasfragilesmenuras,l

      ⚰️ Despojamiento como la muerte

      El inicio compara el acto del amor (o de la entrega espiritual) con la muerte: desnudez absoluta, pérdida de todo poder, abandono del yo.

      🙇 Humildad más que derrota o plegaria

      En la derrota uno es humillado por otro.

      En la plegaria uno se humilla ante los dioses.

      Pero en el amor, la humildad es todavía más radical: es voluntaria. Uno se vacía por decisión propia.

      🔄 El retorno de lo humano

      Después de ese instante de anulación, vuelve la vida con toda su carga:

      Negativas: límites, rechazos.

      Responsabilidades: lo que uno debe asumir.

      Dones: lo que se recibe y se da.

      Tristes confesiones: la vulnerabilidad.

      Frágiles ternuras: la delicadeza que sobrevive en lo cotidiano.

      🧭 Sentido

      El pasaje muestra cómo el amor o la entrega íntima tiene un movimiento doble:

      Vaciamiento absoluto (como la muerte).

      Retorno a lo complejo y humano (responsabilidad, ternura, confesiones).

      Es casi una dialéctica: el amor como aniquilación momentánea seguida por la reconstrucción del tejido vital.

    4. Partiendo deundespojamientoqueigualaeldelamuerte,deunahumildadqueexcedeladeladerrotaylaple-garia,memaravillodeverrestablecersecadavez lacompleyidaddelasnegativas,lasresponsabilidades,losdones,las tristescon-fesiones,lasfragilesmenuras,l

      ⚰️ Despojamiento como la muerte

      El inicio compara el acto del amor (o de la entrega espiritual) con la muerte: desnudez absoluta, pérdida de todo poder, abandono del yo.

      🙇 Humildad más que derrota o plegaria

      En la derrota uno es humillado por otro.

      En la plegaria uno se humilla ante los dioses.

      Pero en el amor, la humildad es todavía más radical: es voluntaria. Uno se vacía por decisión propia.

      🔄 El retorno de lo humano

      Después de ese instante de anulación, vuelve la vida con toda su carga:

      Negativas: límites, rechazos.

      Responsabilidades: lo que uno debe asumir.

      Dones: lo que se recibe y se da.

      Tristes confesiones: la vulnerabilidad.

      Frágiles ternuras: la delicadeza que sobrevive en lo cotidiano.

      🧭 Sentido

      El pasaje muestra cómo el amor o la entrega íntima tiene un movimiento doble:

      Vaciamiento absoluto (como la muerte).

      Retorno a lo complejo y humano (responsabilidad, ternura, confesiones).

      Es casi una dialéctica: el amor como aniquilación momentánea seguida por la reconstrucción del tejido vital.

    5. Noesindispensablequeelbebedor abdiquedesurazon,peroelamantequeconservalasuyanoobedecedeltodo.asudios.

      🍷 El bebedor y la razón

      Beber no implica necesariamente perder la cabeza: uno puede tomar vino y seguir siendo dueño de sí.

      Aquí el vino representa el placer controlado, el exceso manejable.

      ❤️ El amante y la razón

      Pero en el amor, quien se mantiene demasiado lúcido no se entrega del todo.

      “No obedece del todo a su dios” = no honra plenamente a Eros.

      Amar exige perder algo de control, dejar que la pasión gobierne.

      🗝️ Sentido profundo

      Yourcenar (a través de Adriano) plantea un contraste:

      El vino → placer que se puede modular.

      El amor → fuerza divina que pide rendición.

      Amar con cálculo frío es casi una contradicción: el dios exige sacrificio de la razón.

      👉 Es una idea que viene de la tradición griega: Platón en el Fedro habla de la manía erótica (locura divina del amor) como una forma superior de verdad.

    6. SiempretuveconlaDianadelosbosqueslasrelacionesmudablesyapasio-nadasdeunhombreconelseramado;adolescente,la cazadeljabalimeofreciélasprimerasposibilidadesdeencuentroconelmandoyelpeligro;meentregabaaellaconfuror,ymisexcesosmevalieronlasreprimendasde Trajano.

      🌿 Diana de los bosques

      Adriano no habla de la diosa literalmente, sino como símbolo de la caza y de un contacto intenso con la naturaleza. Diana es la divinidad de los bosques, los animales salvajes y la luna. Relacionarse con ella es relacionarse con lo salvaje, lo femenino y lo misterioso.

      🐗 La caza del jabalí

      En la adolescencia, la caza era rito de paso.

      Para Adriano, matar un jabalí no era solo deporte, sino un primer contacto con el mando (dirigir a los cazadores, perros, organizar) y con el peligro real (un animal que podía matarlo).

      La experiencia mezcla erotismo (“ser amado”), violencia y poder.

      ⚔️ Formación del carácter

      Se entregaba con “furor”, es decir, con pasión casi dionisíaca.

      Sus excesos provocaron que el propio Trajano —su tutor y futuro padre adoptivo— lo reprendiera.

      En clave literaria, esto muestra a un joven impulsivo, con sed de riesgo, que debía ser domesticado para convertirse en emperador.

    7. nimulavagula, blandula,Hospes comesquecorporis,QuaenuncabibisinlocaPallidula,rigida,nudula,Nec,utsolis,dabisiocos...P.AELIUSHADRIANUS,Imp.

      Animula vagula, blandula Little soul, wandering, gentle

      Hospes comesque corporis Guest and companion of the body

      Quae nunc abibis in loca You who now will depart to places

      Pallidula, rigida, nudula Pale, stiff, and bare

      Nec, ut soles, dabis iocos… And you will no longer make your usual jokes…

    Annotators

  4. Aug 2025
    1. And again the Lord said to Raphael, "Bind Azazel hand and foot, and casthim into the darkness: and make an opening in the desert, which is in Dudael,and cast him therein. And place upon him rough and jagged rocks, and coverhim with darkness, and let him abide there for ever, and cover his face that hemay not see light. And on the day of the great judgement he shall be cast into thefire

      Raphael → Azazel

      Bound hand and foot.

      Imprisoned in Dudael under jagged rocks.

      Total sensory deprivation until final judgment → then fire.

      Symbolic weight: His name becomes the container for all sin (“to him ascribe all sin”).

    2. And as men perished, they cried, and their cry went up to heaven

      s men perish, their cry rises to heaven — same justice motif as in Gen 4:10 (Abel’s blood) and Exod 3:7 (Israel’s slavery).

      This sets the stage for God’s intervention in subsequent chapters.

    3. And there arose much godlessness, and they committed fornication, and theywere led astray, and became corrupt in all their ways
      1. Specialized Forbidden Knowledge (vv. 12–13) Each leader teaches a distinct occult or celestial craft: astrology, divination, meteorology, geomancy, solar/lunar cycles.

      This mirrors later biblical prohibitions (Deut 18:10–14, Isa 47:13–14) against secret knowledge that bypasses God’s revelation.

      Note: astronomy here isn’t condemned for navigation or agriculture but for esoteric manipulation.

    4. 8 And they taught them charms and enchantments, and the cutting of roots, andmade them acquainted with plants.9 And they became pregnant, and they bare great giants, whose height was threethousand ells: Who consumed all the acquisitions of men. And when men couldno longer sustain them, the giants turned against them and devoured mankind.

      The marriages lead to:

      Occult knowledge: charms, enchantments, plant lore.

      Biological corruption: the Nephilim/giants (three thousand ells — hyperbolic).

      Violence: giants consume human resources, then humans themselves, then even animals (Noahic covenant violation of Gen 9:4 foreshadowed).

      The earth itself “accuses” — personification of creation as witness in a legal trial (cf. Hab 2:11).

    5. Observe and see how in the winter all the trees seem as though they hadwithered and shed all their leaves, except fourteen trees, which do not lose theirfoliage but retain the old foliage from two to three years till the new comes.

      The “fourteen trees” that keep their leaves are a symbolic image of righteous endurance in a time of death-like dormancy.

      These may correspond to evergreen species in the ancient Near East, but the precise number suggests symbolic numerology — “two sevens” often represents completeness doubled.

    6. Observe ye everything that takes place in the heaven, how they do not changetheir orbits, and the luminaries which are in the heaven, how they all rise and setin order each in its season, and transgress not against their appointed order.

      “Luminaries… do not change their orbits… in order each in its season.” The stars, sun, and moon are depicted as loyal servants, perfectly keeping the “appointed order” (chuqqah concept in Hebrew thought — divine decree embedded in creation).

      Cosmic precision here isn’t scientific astronomy — it’s theological astronomy: regularity is proof of divine kingship.

    7. He cometh with ten thousands of His holy ones to executejudgement upon all,

      The coming with “ten thousands of His holy ones” anticipates NT echoes (Jude 14–15 directly quotes this).

      This scene reads like a royal procession of a divine warrior-king bringing justice—linking Second Temple Jewish thought to later Christian eschatology.

    8. But with the righteous He will make peace

      Judgment is not indiscriminate:

      Wicked: destroyed, convicted of ungodly deeds and blasphemous words (speech as moral evidence).

      Elect: protected, blessed, prospered, given peace and light.

    9. And all shall be smitten with fear and the Watchers shall quake, and great fearand trembling shall seize them unto the ends of the earth

      Watchers—fallen angels from the earlier Enoch narrative—are explicitly terrified. This shows that divine judgment will reach beyond humans to supernatural powers.

    10. Concerning the elect I said, and took up my parable concerning them: "TheHoly Great One will come forth from His dwelling

      Mount Sinai as a stage for God’s descent connects to the Exodus theophany (Exod 19), but here the scale is cosmic: mountains shake, hills melt “like wax,” the earth “rent in sunder.”

      These are chaos language markers, used to depict reality’s unmaking before renewal (cf. Isaiah 64, Nahum 1).

    11. eyes were opened by God

      Enoch claims his authority from visions given by angels and “the Holy One in the heavens.”

      “Eyes… opened by God” is a biblical trope for divine revelation (cf. Num 24:4; Acts 26:18).

    12. The words of the blessing of Enoch, wherewith he blessed the elect andrighteous, who will be living in the days of tribulation, when all the wicked andgodless are to be removed.

      "The elect and righteous… in the days of tribulation" → The blessing is aimed not at Enoch’s contemporaries but at a future faithful remnant enduring societal collapse and divine judgment.

      The temporal distance (“not for this generation… for a remote one”) is a hallmark of apocalyptic literature: it speaks forward into times of crisis.

    1. Quia si omnes hi exules facti essent et rebus abreviuntiassent, quas diu possederant ethominibus qui sibi subiiciebantur et eorumdem possessionibus et rationem noninspicerent, quae expulsionum suarum causa esset

      Quia si omnes hi exules facti essent et rebus abreviuntiassent, quas diu possederant et hominibus qui sibi subiiciebantur et eorumdem possessionibus et rationem non inspicerent, quae expulsionum suarum causa esset...

      Parsing & Gloss

      Quia si = “For if”

      omnes hi exules facti essent = “all these had been made exiles”

      et rebus abreviuntiassent = “and had been deprived of the things” (abbreviuntiare rare, “to cut short / strip from”)

      quas diu possederant = “which they had long possessed”

      et hominibus qui sibi subiiciebantur = “and the people who were subject to them”

      et eorumdem possessionibus = “and their possessions”

      et rationem non inspicerent = “and had not considered the reason”

      quae expulsionum suarum causa esset = “which was the cause of their expulsion”

      Smooth translation

      For if all these had been made exiles and deprived of the possessions they had long held, and of the people subject to them and of those people’s possessions, and had not examined the reason which was the cause of their expulsion…

    2. Unde illi Reges praenominati venientes et tanquam in suis hereditatibus haereditantes utregiones suae a subiectionibus malignis expediretur eis xii reges contradixerunt et obviifacti sunt, cum quilibet suo iure gauderet in rem propriam protegendo et illius partem.

      Unde illi Reges praenominati venientes et tanquam in suis hereditatibus haereditantes ut regiones suae a subiectionibus malignis expediretur eis XII reges contradixerunt et obvii facti sunt, cum quilibet suo iure gauderet in rem propriam protegendo et illius partem.

      Parsing & Gloss

      Unde = “whence / and so”

      illi Reges praenominati = “those kings previously named” (the three masters? or local rulers — here probably the tres magistri described as kings)

      venientes = “coming” (present participle)

      et tanquam in suis hereditatibus haereditantes = “and as if inheriting in their own estates”

      ut regiones suae … expediretur = “so that their regions might be freed” (expedire = “to free, release”)

      a subiectionibus malignis = “from evil subjections”

      eis XII reges contradixerunt = “twelve kings opposed them” (contradixerunt = “spoke against / resisted”)

      et obvii facti sunt = “and came to meet them” (in opposition)

      cum quilibet suo iure gauderet = “since each rejoiced in his own right”

      in rem propriam protegendo = “by defending his own property”

      et illius partem = “and his share of it”

      Smooth translation

      And so the aforesaid kings came, as though inheriting their own estates, to free their regions from evil subjections; but twelve kings opposed them and confronted them, each rejoicing in his own right by defending his own property and his share of it.

    3. Unde hicmanifeste pullulat ratio, quod ibi vocis materia primo per summum Dominum fuitexpressa

      Parsing & Gloss

      Unde = “whence / from which it follows”

      hic manifeste pullulat ratio = “here the reasoning clearly springs forth” (pullulat from pullulare, “to sprout, spring up”)

      quod = “that”

      ibi vocis materia = “there the matter/material of the voice” (possibly “the spoken word”)

      primo per summum Dominum fuit expressa = “was first expressed by the Supreme Lord”

      Smooth translation

      Whence it is clear that the reasoning springs forth here: that there, the substance of the voice was first uttered by the Supreme Lord.

    4. Illae enim regiones ex terrenis partes fertiliores eliguntur exomnibus partibus terrestribus et summis partibus caelestibus comparantur

      Parsing & Gloss

      Illae enim regiones = “for those regions”

      ex terrenis partes fertiliores eliguntur = “are chosen as the most fertile parts from among the earthly [lands]”

      ex omnibus partibus terrestribus = “from all earthly parts”

      et summis partibus caelestibus comparantur = “and are compared to the highest heavenly parts”

      Smooth translation

      For those regions are the most fertile portions of the earth, chosen from among all earthly lands, and they are compared to the highest parts of heaven.

    5. Et ideo illaterra maiori dedita fuit errori quam aliqua aliarum. Quare in illis regionibus magistripraetaxati accesserunt

      Parsing & Gloss

      Et ideo = “and for that reason”

      illa terra maiori = “that greater land” (here “Greater India”)

      dedita fuit errori = “was given over to error” (error = religious/moral error)

      quam aliqua aliarum = “more than any of the others” (lands)

      Quare = “wherefore / therefore”

      in illis regionibus = “in those regions”

      magistri praetaxati = “the aforesaid masters” (praetaxati = “previously mentioned”)

      accesserunt = “came / went to”

      Smooth translation

      And for that reason, that greater land was given over to error more than any other; therefore, the aforesaid masters went into those regions.

    6. Quia versus illam partem maximeoccasum passi sunt illi, qui primo dominum suum pro derelicto habuerunt.

      Quia = “because”

      versus illam partem = “towards that region/side”

      maxime occasum passi sunt illi = “those suffered the greatest downfall” (occasum pati = “to suffer ruin”)

      qui primo dominum suum pro derelicto habuerunt = “who at first regarded their lord as abandoned” (or “forsook their lord”).

    7. Quorum talia suntnobis nomina Demusprius, Dusnucsedens, Sudetertius scientes hanc doctrinam adunguem et plenaria scripta obtinentes et illos superna maiestate dirigente et viam directamperfectionis illis propalante delegavit in India maiori.

      Quorum = “of whom” (gen. pl., refers to the tres magistri)

      talia sunt nobis nomina = “such are to us the names” → “their names are as follows”

      Demusprius, Dusnucsedens, Sudetertius = proper names (probably mystical/fictional)

      scientes = “knowing” (present act. part. nom. pl., agrees with the three masters)

      hanc doctrinam ad unguem = “this doctrine to the nail” (= “perfectly”)

      et plenaria scripta obtinentes = “and possessing complete writings”

      et illos … dirigente = “and with them being directed by the heavenly majesty” (dirigente = pres. part. of dirigo, ablative absolute)

      et viam directam perfectionis illis propalante = “and revealing to them the straight way of perfection” (propalante abl. abs., from propalo, “to disclose”)

      delegavit in India maiori = “he sent [them] into Greater India” (delegavit = perfect of delego, “to send/depute”)

    8. Et isti tres magistri sumptis cibariis caelestibus per xv annos.

      isti tres magistri = “these three masters”

      sumptis cibariis caelestibus = ablative absolute → “with heavenly provisions having been taken” (sumptis from sumo, “to take, consume”; cibariis = “food provisions”)

      per XV annos = “for fifteen years”

      Smooth translation

      And these three masters, having taken heavenly provisions, [lived thus] for fifteen years.

    9. Hic incipit liber Aldaraia secundum hoc quod nobis predixerunt illi qui nobisextiterant autores, qui de Deo et de partibus caelestibus caelestibus in deserto fuitrevelatus

      First sentence Hic incipit liber Aldaraia secundum hoc quod nobis praedixerunt illi qui nobis extiterant auctores, qui de Deo et de partibus caelestibus in deserto fuit revelatus.

      Parsing

      Hic incipit = “Here begins” (hic adverb, “here”; incipit 3rd sg. pres. act. indic. from incipio, “to begin”)

      liber Aldaraia = “the book Aldaraia” (liber nominative, Aldaraia proper name)

      secundum hoc quod = “according to that which” (secundum + acc. → “according to”; hoc quod = “this which/that which”)

      nobis praedixerunt = “they foretold to us” (praedixerunt = perf. act. indic. 3rd pl. of praedico)

      illi qui nobis extiterant auctores = “those who had stood forth as our authors/sources” (extiterant = pluperf. from exsto / exto, “to stand forth, exist”)

      qui de Deo et de partibus caelestibus ... fuit revelatus = relative clause — tricky because of mixed agreement; probably “to whom (something) about God and the heavenly parts was revealed in the desert.”

      Smooth translation

      Here begins the book Aldaraia, according to what those who had been our authors foretold to us — those to whom, in the desert, the things concerning God and the heavenly realms were revealed.

  5. Jul 2025
    1. I don’t know if every writer continually asks himself, “Why the hell am I doing this? Is anyone even going to read it?”

      I sure asked myself this while writting Greb over and over again

    1. As you read this hilarious book, you will at some point experience a very serious moment. It is the moment you admit to yourself that programming is more enjoyable after knowing some Clojure.

      The moment i found out that Clojure existed I've had a grin on my face..

    1. Triptych

      Triptych 🖼️ noun

      Definition: A triptych is a work of art (usually a painting or relief) made up of three panels. The center panel is often the largest, flanked by two smaller, hinged side panels. Common in altarpieces during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, but also used in modern visual storytelling (e.g., photography, film, comics).

      Also metaphorically used for any set of three artistic, literary, or thematic works intended to be appreciated together.

      Etymology: From Greek: tri- (three) + ptychē (fold) → “three-fold”

      Came through Latin and French → triptyque (French) → triptych (English)

    Annotators

  6. Jun 2025
    1. I've seen before which is in the history of the book so these manuscripts cost about two million dollars typical ibrary would be about four times the size of this room and each book would have its own desk the books were chained to the desk they often have precious jewels on them because the jewels were nothing compared to the cost of one of these books often took as long as ten to fifteen years to make one of these books give you an example there were only 371 books in the Vatican Library in the Year 1400 it's one of the largest libraries in Europe the richest man in France who is the brother of the King John Newbery had 154 books when he died and he was a bibliophile he had these books made for him and one of the best twenty-five dollars you can ever spend is to get a facsimile of one of the books he had made for himself which is called the Book of Hours of John gusta berry it's marvelous and it gives you a bit of a sense of what these books were like and also what is lost by simply trying to photograph them they're renderings and capturing of the charisma of an oral basically oral society the Gutenberg Bibles

      If we think of the democratization of software we're going to finally enter this stage in technology

    1. Brandt he made a statement that yesterday's breakthrough is today's graduate seminar is tomorrow's off-the-shelf home entertainment would that that were true but in fact yesterday's breakthrough is the thing that is most often forgotten it's not today's graduate seminar and it's definitely not tomorrow's home entertainment because what usually happens in the the grand tradition of Hollywood producers sitting around a table looking at a script and saying hey we've got ideas too too often people it's not a question of not invented here it's a question if I want to invent this myself and the if you look at the micro computers that are being sold today you'll see hardly anything that approximates the kind of total system design that the link had I think we all can realize that they are not sold as complete packages they're not sold as Honda's most of the things that you need can't even be plugged into them there are millions of wires to worry about and so forth but what is that may not be too surprising because after all that was a garage culture perhaps less forgivable

      we're not doing any better a computer out of the box doesn't do anything today without a whole set of payed software and subscriptions..

    1. As I always tell young photographers, it’s a business whereyou have to have heroes. I’ve got lots of them. It’s a businesscomprised of special people, and I’ve been blessed to haveencountered and been influenced by many of them.

      True!!!! love this

    Tags

    Annotators

    1. Piaget more papper Dewey even looking at active

      Try to give a child a good environment 🧠 Jean Piaget (Cognitive Constructivism) Focus: Stages of cognitive development 🧱

      Method: Child learns independently, discovering via interaction with the environment.

      Key Idea: Development precedes learning.

      Classroom: Structured tasks matched to cognitive stage.

      🔍 Source: Piaget, The Origins of Intelligence in Children (1952). Credibility: 9/10 (peer-reviewed, foundational)

      🧠 John Dewey (Pragmatism & Experiential Learning) Focus: Learning by doing 🛠️

      Method: Social interaction + real-world experience.

      Key Idea: Learning and development are continuous and intertwined.

      Classroom: Project-based, democratic, socially interactive.

      🔍 Source: Dewey, Experience and Education (1938). Credibility: 9/10 (peer-reviewed, seminal work)

      ⚔️ Key Differences Concept Piaget Dewey Child's role Little scientist 🧪 Social learner 🤝 Teacher's role Guide for stage-appropriate tasks Facilitator of real experiences Development vs Learn Develop → Learn Develop while learning Social learning Secondary Core principle

    1. Interesting thing that happened some years before the Gothic cathedrals was the Pantheon in Rome, which has this clear span, the dome of clear span of fourteen stories. Made out of the best reinforced concrete the world ever known, but two thousand years ago. That was amazing.

      🏛️ What makes it incredible The dome spans a clear 43.3 m (142 ft)—an unmatched feat of ancient concrete engineering, still the world’s largest unreinforced concrete dome monolithicdome.com +15 en.wikipedia.org +15 alamy.com +15 .

      Built circa AD 126 under Hadrian, it's been in continuous use for nearly 2,000 years pantheonroma.com +3 en.wikipedia.org +3 monolithicdome.com +3 .

      Romans ingeniously reduced weight upwards by using lighter aggregate: travertine at the base, terracotta, tufa, and pumice near the top theromanguy.com +15 rostarchitects.com +15 en.wikipedia.org +15 .

      🌕 Architectural harmony The dome’s height equals its diameter—a perfect sphere inscribed in a cylinder, a brilliant feat of geometric elegance eitchborromini.com +1 romanconcrete.com +1 .

      The oculus (central hole) not only illuminates but also reduces structural stress—allowing natural light and rain to filter symmetrically .

      ⚙️ Why it still matters This two-millennia-old construction predates modern reinforced concrete, yet its engineering principles remain unmatched .

      It stood as the largest dome for over 1,300 years, inspiring Renaissance and modern architects—Brunelleschi, Palladio, Jefferson, and even Richard Meier architecturaldigest.com +1 eitchborromini.com +1 .

      Leaner structures

      especially whenever we think we're teaching it, the worst thing we could ever do is to pretend to the students that we know what it is. Because the students are going to be the only ones that are going to save us. So, we should teach the students what I was taught when I was in graduate school in the sixties: that is it isn't done yet. It's not even close to be done. You have to understand what the actual scope of computing is going to be and you have to help us invent it.

    2. One of them is the actual log by the foreman.

      3000 people 2 stories a day

      📘 Building the Empire State – Carol Willis (Editor) Based on a rediscovered 1930s notebook originally typed by the foremen of Starrett Brothers & Eken.

      Contains day‑by‑day logs: worker counts, materials, photos—provides a ground-level view of the build.

      Described as “the best book I have seen on the construction of the ESB … concise, interesting, and an actual record” reddit.com +2 empirestatebuildingny.info +2 citysignal.com +2 gettyimages.dk +5 amazon.com +5 en.wikipedia.org +5

      Highly recommended for anyone wanting the real foreman log. ★★★★★

      🏙️ The Empire State Building: The Making of a Landmark – John Tauranac A thorough historical and architectural narrative of the building.

      Co-published by Cornell University Press, with rich visuals and storytelling.

      Great follow-up for context on the log-filled core.

      🧱 Higher: A Historic Race to the Sky and the Making of a City – Neal Bascomb Explores the skyscraper rivalry: Chrysler, ESB, 40 Wall Street.

      Captures the drama of design, build speed, and ambition.

      Complements the logbook by framing it within NYC’s vertical race en.wikipedia.org +1 en.wikipedia.org +1 shop.shakeandco.com

      🔁 Why “Building the Empire State” leads: Primary source: actual foreman notebook.

      Offers real construction data—daily staffing, deliveries, pace.

      Curated by Willis, blending academic clarity and narrative flow.

      In computer science nobody has been able to channel 3000 to do anything we're in slave territory not engineering

      In the middle architecture appeared

    3. Simon pointed out in his book called the sciences of the artificia

      🎓 "The Sciences of the Artificial" – by Herbert A. Simon – is a foundational text that reshaped how we understand design, intelligence, and human-made systems.

      🧠 Core Idea: Natural sciences study what is. Artificial sciences study what could be — things designed with purpose.

      🔍 Key Concepts: Artificial ≠ Fake — It means man-made with intent.

      A watch, a government, a computer program, an economic model — all are artificial systems.

      The design sciences (architecture, CS, engineering, etc.) need their own epistemology.

      ⚙️ Simon's Formula: Design = Goal + Structure + Environment + Adaptation

    4. I guess the first thing to think about here is we have these terms: Computer science and software engineering

      Al Perlis made up computer science we dont have one right now.

      Basically in science we all want to be physics , everything turns into abstract social science phisiscs chemestry and biology dont hav science in their name

      🧠 Alan Perlis Invented computer science before it even had a name. He believed programming is not just engineering — it’s philosophy, poetry, and play.

      “It’s better to have 100 functions operate on one data structure than 10 functions on 10 data structures.”

      🧪 Legacy:

      First recipient of the Turing Award

      Co-author of ALGOL, the ancestor of most languages today

      Professor at Yale, where he treated code like literature

      One of the first to say:

      “Computer Science is not about computers any more than astronomy is about telescopes.”

    5. "Beware of bugys in the above code; I've only proved it correct, not tried it.

      GREBBBB 🟢 all the way. This is is post-academic epistemology — the moment where traditional math (the old math) collapses under the weight of new frames, and a new math rises: Academization is using math to deal with a new math — one that has a new set of laws.

      Math wins..! But it’s new math, not old math — we have a new way.

      Because we have a new way of dealing with things, they’re not short and not about infinite things.

      We want knowledge, but the old type of math does not apply. We are working with finite resolutions. 🧠 The Greb Math Manifesto (Draft) Academization = when we weaponize old math to overfit new reality. New Math = when we design a system not to describe infinity, but to resolve finite tensions. Victory = not proving for all time, but solving for right now.

      We no longer need ∞; we need ∴ (therefore).

      We drop “proofs,” we prefer “resolutions.”

      We’re not approximating truth. We’re designing consequence.

      The math is still rigorous — but the goal is no longer eternal.

      New Math ≠ Old Math with a twist It’s epistemological humility turned into creative method.

      Dan ingalls was the guy that made smalltalk work

    6. ALGOL.

      ⚙️ Algol (short for Algorithmic Language) was a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in the 1950s–60s. It's a cornerstone in programming language history, inspiring most modern languages like C, Pascal, and JavaScript.

      🔍 Highlights: Algol 58 / Algol 60 / Algol 68 are the major versions.

      Algol 60 introduced:

      Block structure (begin ... end)

      Lexical scoping

      BNF grammar (Backus-Naur Form)

      🧠 Why it mattered: It formalized syntax and structure — made parsing and compilers sane.

      Paved the way for academic and practical language design.

      First to separate syntax from semantics rigorously.

      👻 Why it died: Not widely adopted outside academia.

      Lack of standard libraries and commercial support.

      IBM pushed COBOL/Fortran instead — classic corporate vs open design tension.

      it was better than its succesors

    1. the future would be you invent it that's going to be on my tombstone I think but the future we want to invent is a future in which humans beings have finally grown up into real adults rather

      🧠 What Future Are We Building? The real challenge isn’t just inventing tech, tools, or AI. It’s inventing a future worth living in. A future where human beings finally grow up— not just biologically, but spiritually, emotionally, ethically. 🌱

      🎓 From Homo Sapiens to Real Adults We’ve spent centuries learning how to survive. Now, maybe—finally—it’s time to learn how to be real adults.

      Adults who care. Adults who listen. Adults who build a world bigger than themselves.

    2. 🕰️ From Symbols to Systems It took 190,000 years for humans to invent writing. And once we had it—it was hard to teach. So schools were created. 📚

      As education progressed, we made more inventions: we discovered mathematics, and by the 17th and 18th centuries, we invented new forms of government.

      These governments wrestled with a major tradeoff: ⚖️ balancing religious necessities with the radical new idea of equal rights.

      But let’s be honest: those “equal rights” almost never applied to women. 👩🏽‍🦱🚫

      Equality wasn’t a birthright. It was an invention. And that changes everything.

      Because once we realize it's not a given— we can start to teach it. 💡

      Diversity is the soul of freedom

    1. fifty years from then was gonna be very different than world and they're creating the country and so they created it in such a way that it was not bound to the time it was created it was created as a set of ideas and processes and experiments

      📜 A Future-Built Foundation 🧠 Ideas, Not Just Institutions Fifty years from then, the world was going to be very different. And they knew it.

      The founders weren’t just building a country for their time— they were building for a future they couldn't fully imagine. 🌍

      ⚙️ Systems Over Statues So they created it not as a frozen monument, but as a living framework—a set of ideas, processes, and experiments designed to adapt. 🔧📐

      Not bound to 1776. Not bound to kings, popes, or prophets. Bound only to the question:

      “How do we do this better?”

      🧪 The Great Experiment They didn’t aim for perfection. They aimed for a system capable of self-correction. 🔁

      That’s the genius. That’s the gamble. That’s the reason we’re still arguing—because we can. 🗣️💬

    2. Awakening in the Age of Crisis Before Vietnam, a Mirror Cracked In a time of crisis—just before the Vietnam War—people began to wake up. A large percentage of the population was being oppressed: Native Americans, Japanese Americans, Black Americans. Ethnicity, heritage, language—these became invisible bars in a quiet prison.

      This rupture sparked a renewed interest in morality—what the country "stood for." How could we claim to be good, when so much of our foundation was rotten?

      Ideals Tested by Time Some ideas held up. Some didn’t. And that’s important.

      Education—real education—was one of those ideals that proved resilient. But how do we teach in a way that embraces everything? That compares and contrasts knowledge without filtering it through a single culture’s lens?

      Jerome Bruner and the Cultural Blindspot Jerome Bruner pointed out something brutal and honest:

      "It’s hard to assess your own culture—because it’s the only thing you see."

      We don’t notice the walls until we bump into someone else’s. We only start to see when we encounter others. That’s when we begin to use stats, science, stories—tools that gather local solutions from many places.

      Some are good. Some are pretty awful. But the point is: it’s not about always being right. It’s about being aware.

      From Local Noise to Global Signal The story of history has always been like this—messy, partial, reactive.

      But now, we have a chance to move: From narrow, local views—where we assume we’re always right— To a movement, a new place, where multiple truths can sit side by side.

      Where perspective isn’t a threat—it’s a tool.

    3. The language was important invention

      Believes in the same type of religions and custums so that people that we ahvnet met are still recognizable wen we run into them it too thousands of years with the invention of art and language before you were talking you were making arting

      hi my name is Alan Kay and I like to apologize for having a bit of laryngitis just on the day of this shoot and I've been asked to talk about inventing the future and of course we mostly think of inventing in the realm of technology but I think most people watching this will have been struck by the fact that living in the 21st century in the United States is a vastly different experience than living a hundred thousand years ago anywhere in the world and as far as we know the brains that we have are roughly the same as those brains that belong to the very same species we are mostly lived in small groups of people hunting and gathering and falling in love and telling stories to each other and fighting other people taking revenge caring for the young and gradually building up a culture that they taught to the next generation in their tribe and the first great invention of human beings or of evolution was this idea of culture and it came from a slightly earlier invention of evolution which was language and there's a language that just as a few important ways more different than our primate ancestors and that was enough to be able to deal with sequences of things and portrayals of things and being able to make up things which we no other animals can do but be able to tell our made-up things to other people and get them to believe in it that started to allow us to aggregate together in larger than about a hundred people which is what we can deal with face to face so this notion of culture beliefs in the same kinds of religions beliefs in the same kinds of customs is something that can spread so that people we've never met are still recognizable when we finally do run into them so we can think about that as the first great inventing the future for Humanity and it took many tens of thousands of years with the invention art which may have always been with us in between before we started taking stock of the world around us and starting

    4. For a long time, inventions were accidental. The rock was an accident. The idea of improvement is a modern one. We weren’t built for a world that changes. Society programmed us to resist change—we just found ways to enjoy ourselves as much as possible.

      But eventually, we began shifting from accidental inventions to intentional ones. And those early inventions—like writing—started changing everything.

      Writing itself was invented for accounting. Gradually, people started writing down what others were saying. Then they began comparing it with what had happened before. And even that took thousands of years.

      The real revolution came just in the last few hundred years—when people became self-conscious about how we deal with the rest of the world. We stopped trying to understand and started interpreting everything through our belief systems. That shift was key. The invention of science—true science—was transformational.

  7. Mar 2025
    1. Data quality assessment uses meta data (e.g. data catalogues, data models, and dataprofiles) to design data quality rules. It also produces numerous error reports andlarge volumes of other data quality meta data. Data quality meta data warehouse isa collection of tools for organization and analysis of all these meta data.

      Data quality assessment uses metadata (e.g. data catalogues, data models, and data profiles) to design data quality rules. It also produces numerous error reports and large volumes of other data quality metadata.

      Key Concepts:

      • Metadata: Data about data. For example, information like when a file was created, who created it, what format it’s in — that’s metadata.

      • Data catalogues: Organized listings or inventories of all data assets in a system. Like a library catalog for your data.

      • Data models: Diagrams or structures that show how data is organized, related, and stored.

      • Data profiles: Summaries of data content — e.g., showing data ranges, patterns, or missing values to help understand data quality.

      • Data quality rules: Conditions that define what "good data" looks like — e.g., “email addresses must contain @”.

      • Error reports: Lists of data entries that violate data quality rules.

      • Data quality metadata: Metadata specifically about errors, rules, and quality metrics.

      • Data quality metadata warehouse: A centralized system or set of tools used to store, organize, and analyze all the metadata related to data quality. Think of it like a control room for managing data accuracy and health.

    2. Data models describe the structure of the data. They fall into four broadcategories. Relational data models depict logical relationships between variousentities and attributes. Subject area models define main data subjects — categoriesof high-level business objects whose data is stored in the database. State-transitionmodels describe the life cycle of complex state-dependent objects. Temporalmodels describe the chronological structure of time-dependent data and eventhistories. Understanding these data models is key to designing data quality rules.

      Data models define how data is structured and are crucial for data quality rule design.

      They fall into four main categories:

      • Relational models: Show logical relationships between entities and their attributes.
      • Subject area models: Define main business object categories stored in the database.
      • State-transition models: Map the life cycle of state-dependent objects.
      • Temporal models: Represent time-based structures and event histories.

      Subject area models organize data into broad business categories to give a high-level view of how data is grouped in an organization.

      Think of them like folders in a filing system:<br /> Each subject area = a major topic or domain (like “Customers”, “Orders”, “Products”).

      It doesn’t show details, just the big picture of what data the business cares about.

      Example — for an e-commerce company:

      Subject areas might be: - Customer Data - Product Catalog - Order Management - Shipping Info

      This helps teams discuss and align on data organization before diving into tables and relationships.

    3. For instance, dataquality rules sometimes must compare data from multiple heterogeneous sources,including relational databases, spreadsheets, and even legacy systems. Directaccess and querying of the data in such situations are an implementationnightmare. A staging area brings all of the data into a homogeneous environment.

      specially true for government systems that dont have standarization implemented

    4. Data across different databases is often related or evenredundant. Many data quality rules can be designed comparing such data, and theresultant error reports are often far more comprehensive than what could beobtained if data in each database was validated separately.

      We might be at this point , where the smartest solution is to take a look at what do we want from each source

    5. Ifyouthink of data integrationinterfacesas artilleryfire,and datadecayasslowlydebilitating starvation, then an

      Data integration interfaces as artillery fire: These are the day-to-day hits—integrations between systems that can be complex, messy, and disruptive, but manageable. Like artillery, they’re destructive, but localized and expected.

      Data decay as slowly debilitating starvation: Over time, data loses quality—gets outdated, duplicated, inconsistent. It’s not a sudden catastrophe, but it slowly weakens your systems and decisions, like starvation weakens the body.

      Average data conversion project as a megaton bomb: Data conversions—like migrating from one system to another—are huge, risky efforts. They can blow up spectacularly if handled poorly, hence the “megaton bomb.” High-impact, hard to reverse, and potentially devastating.

      Legacy data consolidation as a life-exterminating meteor: Trying to consolidate all legacy data (often unstructured, undocumented, scattered across systems) is the hardest and riskiest task. It’s unpredictable, and if it goes wrong, it can wipe out entire systems or projects—like the meteor that killed the dinosaurs.

      Data Integration: Connecting different systems to work together by sharing and synchronizing data in real time or batch.

      Data Decay: The gradual degradation of data quality over time, leading to outdated, incomplete, or inaccurate records.

      Data Conversion: Transforming data from one format or system to another, usually during system upgrades or migrations.

      Data Consolidation: Combining data from multiple sources (often legacy systems) into a single, unified structure for easier access and analysis.

    6. The records with the new code arrive at the doorsteps of thedestination database and are promptly dropped from consideration. In the typicalscenario, the problem is caught after a few feeds.

      This is why managing the code through the same entity system ensures that those changes are accounted for and can be analyzed in a logical manner

    7. Despite high automation,muchdatais(andwillalwaysbe!)typedintothedatabasesbypeople throughvariousforms andinterfaces.

      How can we limit things in the design of the system to have less typing.. auto completes

    8. To summarize, the quality of the data after conversion is directly proportional tothe amount of time spent to analyze and profile the data and uncover the true datacontent. In an ideal data conversion project, 80% of time is spent on data analysisand 20% on coding transformation algorithms.

      This should be Our strategy when explaining to people that do data analysis and data migration what to do/spend their time

    9. This is especially true for older “legacy” systems. During the dataconversion it is the data structure that is usually the center of attention. The data ismapped between old and new databases. However, since the business rule layersof the source and destination systems are very different, this approach inevitablyfails.

      Therefore I wonder if it makes sense for us to rely on keeping the centralized construction of the entity linked form the db object we need to build the interface and rules into the database not into systems that cant be rebuilt because the speed in which we are building new technology superseeds our capacy to update. And it can't possibly be expected for us to have to migrate data every time a new visualization comes therefore we need to build the protocol that auto assembles the visualization for the interfaces I'm exited to see what the book has to say about this

    10. Halfadozen compensationcodes includedin theaggregateamountswere missingfromourlist.Infactthey were even missing fromthe data dictionary! Certaincodes were usedinsomeyears butignoredinotheryears.Recordswith negativeamounts—retroactiveadjustments—were aggregatedintotheprevious month,whichthey technicallybelongedto,ratherthanthemonthofthepaycheck.Apparentlythe oldsystem hadatonof codethatappliedalltheserules tocalculatepropermonthly pensionableearnings.The new system wascertainly notprogrammedtodoso,andnobody rememberedtoindicateallthislogic in themapping document.

      The fragmentation of data is something that needs a clear strategy what do we do when there's data missing

    11. In the end, the formerly dominantdinosaurs were completely wiped out and replaced by the little furry creatures thatlater evolved into rats, lemurs, and the strange apes who find nothing better to dothan write data quality books.6

      Amen.. I thank the author for the joke.

    12. The group on the right shows processes that manipulate the data inside thedatabases. Some of these processes are routine, while others are brought upon byperiodic system upgrades, mass data updates, database redesign, and a variety ofad-hoc activities. Unfortunately, in practice most of these procedures lack timeand resources, as well as reliable meta data necessary to understand all data qualityimplications. It is not surprising, then, that internal data processing often leads tonumerous data problems.

      However if we had clear interfaces for managing database structures then this might be something that's more easily preventable what if we introduce preflights from the get go instead of going ad-hock.

    1. Recognizing that these records are actuallyreferences to the same customer is the essence of ER.

      We need to make the ER system transparent in Greb so that we have a clear structure that shows people how the data is being built I think that an entity resolution interface is worth thinking about how could it look? whats the MVP?

    2. Databases that do not shareinformation across the company with other systems are some-times called data silos.

      Bingo, we need to expand on what is Silo and what not The word silo comes from Spanish silo, meaning “pit for storing grain,” which traces back to Greek siros or seiros — a pit for holding grain or corn.

      First used in English in the 1830s to mean underground grain storage; the metaphorical/organizational use (as in "data silo") started in the 1970s–1980s in business and IT contexts.

    3. Although instances of an entity type are often called entitiesby data modelers, it is important to understand that in the con-text of ER, instances of an ERM entity type are not entities. Aninstance of an entity type, such as the Student entity type inFigure 1.1, is just a row in the Student database table inside thecomputer. The instance is only a reference to a real studentwalking around campus and attending classes. In an ER context,4 Chapter 1 PRINCIPLES OF ENTITY RESOLUTION

      GRRR... this took me months to to figure out by myself -.- should have read this.

    4. In theory, ER should never be a problem in a well-designeddatabase because two entity instances should be equivalent if,and only if, they have the same primary key.

      In practice... when you have 3 matches that are identical and want to select one of them and archive an do other things you do need a "forced" ID this was my conclusion after a few rounds of prototyping

    5. However, at the design stage, it is not alwaysclear that a particular combination of descriptive attributes willhave this property, or it if does, that the combination will con-tinue to be unique as more instances of the entity are acquired.

      at the beginning of the project we don't know which identity attributes will produce an unique match

    6. Identity attributes are those that whentaken together distinguish one entity from another. Identityattributes for people are things such as name, address, date ofbirth, and fingerprint—the kinds of things often asked for toidentify the person requesting a driver’s license or hospitaladmission

      Identity Attributes is na interesting concept since it specifies a type of structure that can be used to do entity resolution. passport, driver license, they all should probly end up with an UUID

    7. Entity resolution (ER) is the process of determining whethertwo references to real-world objects are referring to the sameobject or to different objects

      This is key in a database that will compare all aspects of entities

    1. This is going to kill us.

      Unless we simplify what data its available and how to access it and come up with a better way to interconnect systems. It's crazy to think of all the hoops you need to jump to ge to tabulated data.

  8. Jul 2024
    1. ¿Qué es Greb?

      Hola Bienvenido al site de Greb, soy fan de hypothesis y he decidido que los comentarios en esta version web y los secretos estarán en forma de anotaciones esto permite mantener las cosas organizadas.

      Hello and welcome, feel free to leave comments here on the Hyphotesis annotations for this page I'm a big fan and I think that having this extra layer of annotations enriches the process.

  9. Feb 2024
    1. En la entrada del recinto hay un gran cartel con unafotografía de ENZO, vestido con una ropa de explorador ysonriendo a cámara. Debajo de la imagen hay un título quedice “El último gran caza tesoros”.

      Sería bueno generar este arte para tenerlo listo

    Tags

    Annotators

  10. Oct 2023
    1. (Weight W1) (Rope Rp) (Rope Rq) (Pulley Pa) (hangs W1 from Rp) (pulley-system Rp Pa Rq) (Weight W2) (hangs W2 from Rq) (Rope Rx) (Pulley Pb) (Rope Ry) (Pulley Pc) (Rope Rz) (Rope Rt) (Rope Rs) (Ceiling c) (hangs Pa from Rx) (pulley-system Rx Pb Ry) (pulley-system Ry Pc Rz) (hangs Pb from Rt) (hangs Rt from c) (hangs Rx from c) (hangs Rs from Pc) (hangs W2 from Rs) (value W1 1) (b) P1. P2. P3. P4. .. Single-string support. (weight < Wx>) (rope <Ry >) (value <Wx> <n>) (hangs <Wx> <Ry>) -(hangs <Wx> <Rx>) - (value <Ry> <W-number>) Ropes over pulley. (pulley <P>) (rope <R1>) (rope <R2>) (pulley-system <R1 > <P> <R2>) (value <R1> <nl>) - (value <R2> <nl>) Rope hangs from or supports pulley. (pulley <R1>) (rope <R1>) (rope R2>) (pulley-system <R1> <P> <R2>) { (hangs <R3> from <P>) or (hangs <P> from <R3>) } (value <R1> <nl>) (value <R2> <n2>) - (value <R3> <nl + <n2>) Weight and multiple supporting ropes. (weight <W1 >) (rope <R1 >) (rope R2>) (hangs <W1> <Rl>) (hangs <W1> <R2>) -(hangs <W1> <R3>) (value <R1> <nl>) (value <R2> <n2>) - (value <W1> <nl> + <n2>) P2. Ropes over pulley. If a pulley system < P> has two ropes < RI > and < R2> over it, and the value (tension) associated with < RZ > is < nl > , then < nl > is also the value associated with rope < RZ > . P3. Rope hangs from or supports pulley. If there is a pulley system with ropes < RZ > and < R2> over it, and the pulley system hangs from a rope < R3 > , and c R1> and < R2 > have the values (tensions) < nl > and < n2 > associated with them, then the value (tension) associated with < R3 > is the sum of < nl > plus <n2>.

      Please explain to me how it is not evident to programmers that this is how we program.. we cannot hold more than seven items at a time. We cannot fracture. As Miller mentioned, 2 3 digit numbers are outside t capacity, but if you multiply them by paper w, if we free your memory, we can let the brain focus on the v

      If you assign the memory function to a diagram, you can let your brain concentrate on the manipulation function.

      Once we codify, we no longer have to keep the information in memory, for example : This hurts my brain

      There are five roads in Brown County. One runs from Abbeville to Brownsville by way of Clinton. One runs from Clinton to Derbyshire by way of Fremont. One runs from Fremont to Brownsville by way of Abbieville. That's all the roads in Brown County, and all the roads in and out of those towns.

      Which towns have roads connecting them directly to three other towns? Which towns have roads connecting them directly to only two other towns? How many towns must you pass through to get from Brownsville to Derbyshire?

      But if we diagram it to a map, all of this makes sense.

      "The learning of numbers and language must be subordinated ... Visual understanding is the essential and only valid means of teaching how to judge things correctly." ~ Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi

      Pestalozzi was the guy who designed the educational system in which Einstein, the most extraordinary visualization of his time, was born q

    1. The Preoperational Stage is divided into two substages: I. Symbolic Function Substage From two to four years of age children find themselves using symbols to represent physical models of the world around them. This is demonstrated through a child's drawing of their family in which people are not drawn to scale or accurate physical traits are given. The child knows they are not accurate but it does not seem to be an issue to them. II. Intuitive Thought Substage At between about the ages of four and seven, children tend to become very curious and ask many questions, beginning the use of primitive reasoning. There is an emergence in the interest of reasoning and wanting to know why things are the way they are. Piaget called it the "intuitive substage" because children realize they have a vast amount of knowledge, but they are unaware of how they acquired it. Centration, conservation, irreversibility, class inclusion, and transitive inference are all characteristics of preoperative thought.[62] 3. Concrete operational stage: from ages seven to eleven. Children can now converse and think logically (they understand reversibility) but are limited to what they can physically manipulate. They are no longer egocentric. During this stage, children become more aware of logic and conservation, topics previously foreign to them. Children also improve drastically with their classification skills. 4. Formal operational stage: from age eleven to sixteen and onwards (development of abstract reasoning). Children develop abstract thought and can easily conserve and think logically in their mind. Abstract thought is newly present during this stage of development. Children are now able to think abstractly and use metacognition. Along with this, the children in the formal operational stage display more skills oriented towards problem solving, often in multiple steps.

      There are a total of four development stages described in Piaget's theory: the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational stage, and the formal operational stage.

    2. "the great pioneer of the constructivist theory of knowing"

      You shouldn't probably teach

      Symbolic manipulations aren't suitable for young kids. Geometry is better

      Bruner says that when the kid is 6 years old you can trick the kid to learn symbolic thinking

    1. GENERIC STRUCTURE, HIERARCHIES

      Sutherland's thesis discusses the complexities of programming, particularly with data structures like rings and the challenges of manipulating them. He also talks about the organization of elements in a drawing system, like Sketchpad, into types for easier manipulation and generalization.

      Let's break down some of these concepts:

      1. Ring Structures: A ring is a data structure where each element points to the next, forming a loop. This can be visualized as a circular linked list. In Python, we don't have a built-in ring structure, but we can simulate one using lists:

      ```python ring = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] # This is our ring structure current_index = 0 # We start at the first element

      To go to the next element:

      current_index = (current_index + 1) % len(ring) # This will loop back to the start when we reach the end ```

      1. Relative Addressing: This is a way of specifying a location in memory relative to another location. In Python, we use indexing to access elements relative to the start of a list:

      ```python list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

      To access the third element:

      third_element = list[2] # Python uses 0-based indexing, so index 2 is the third element ```

      1. Generic Structure, Hierarchies: Sutherland talks about organizing elements into types, which can be thought of as classes in Python. Each class can have specific methods for its type, and a general method can call these specific methods when needed:

      ```python class Circle: def display(self): print("Displaying a circle")

      class Square: def display(self): print("Displaying a square")

      The general function

      def display_shape(shape): shape.display() # This will call the appropriate method depending on the type of shape

      circle = Circle() square = Square()

      display_shape(circle) # Prints "Displaying a circle" display_shape(square) # Prints "Displaying a square" ```

      This way, the general function doesn't need to know the specifics of each shape, it just needs to know that each shape has a display method. This is an example of polymorphism in object-oriented programming.

    2. nserting a new chicken into a ring at some specified location in it, usu-ally first or last.2. Removing a chicken from a ring.3. Putting all the chickens of one ring, in order, into another at some speci-fied location in it, usually first or last.4. Performing some auxiliary operation on each member of a ring in eitherforward or reverse order

      In simpler terms, Sutherland's thesis is discussing the basic operations of a data structure known as a ring. A ring is a type of list where the elements are connected in a circular manner. The operations he mentions are:

      1. Inserting a new element into the ring at a specified location.
      2. Removing an element from the ring.
      3. Moving all elements of one ring, in order, into another ring at a specified location.
      4. Performing an operation on each member of a ring in either forward or reverse order.

      These operations are implemented using macro instructions in the compiler language. A macro instruction is a directive to the compiler which specifies how an input pattern should be mapped to an output pattern.

      The thesis also discusses the generation of new elements. Subroutines are used to set up new elements in free spaces in the storage structure. When parts of the drawing are deleted, the registers representing them become free and are placed in a 'FREES' ring. New components are set up at the end of the storage area, while free blocks are allowed to accumulate. A process called 'garbage collection' periodically compacts the storage structure by removing the free blocks and relocating the information above them.

      In Python, the ring data structure can be implemented using a doubly linked list. Here's a simple example:

      ```python class Node: def init(self, data): self.data = data self.next = None self.prev = None

      class Ring: def init(self): self.head = None

      def append(self, data):
          if not self.head:
              self.head = Node(data)
              self.head.next = self.head
              self.head.prev = self.head
          else:
              new_node = Node(data)
              new_node.prev = self.head.prev
              new_node.next = self.head
              self.head.prev.next = new_node
              self.head.prev = new_node
      
      def display(self):
          temp = self.head
          while True:
              print(temp.data, end = " ")
              temp = temp.next
              if temp == self.head:
                  break
      

      ```

      In this example, the Node class represents an element in the ring, and the Ring class represents the ring itself. The append method is used to add a new element to the ring, and the display method is used to print all elements in the ring.

    3. HUMAN REPRESENTATION OF RING STRUCTURE

      In Sutherland's thesis, he discusses the concept of ring structures, which can be thought of as a type of data structure where elements are connected in a circular manner. This can be compared to a Python list where the last element points back to the first one, forming a "ring".

      In the context of his thesis, Sutherland uses the terms "hen" and "chicken" to represent elements in this ring structure. A "hen" can be thought of as the starting point or the head of the list, while a "chicken" represents other elements in the list.

      The operations he describes - inserting a new chicken into a ring at a specific location, removing a chicken from a ring, putting all the chickens of one ring into another at a specific location, and performing some auxiliary operation on each member of a ring in either forward or reverse order - can be compared to operations on a Python list.

      For example, inserting a new chicken into a ring can be compared to inserting an element into a Python list at a specific index:

      ```python

      Python list

      ring = ['hen', 'chicken1', 'chicken2']

      Insert new chicken at index 1

      ring.insert(1, 'new_chicken') ```

      Removing a chicken from a ring can be compared to removing an element from a Python list:

      ```python

      Remove 'chicken1' from the list

      ring.remove('chicken1') ```

      Putting all the chickens of one ring into another at a specific location can be compared to extending a Python list with another list:

      ```python

      Another ring

      another_ring = ['hen2', 'chicken3', 'chicken4']

      Extend ring with another_ring

      ring.extend(another_ring) ```

      Performing some auxiliary operation on each member of a ring in either forward or reverse order can be compared to iterating over a Python list in forward or reverse order:

      ```python

      Forward order

      for chicken in ring: print(chicken)

      Reverse order

      for chicken in reversed(ring): print(chicken) ```

      The concept of "MACRO instructions" he mentions can be compared to Python functions that encapsulate these operations for easy use.

    4. RING STRUCTURE

      Ivan writes about a concept called "Ring Structure". This is a way of organizing and linking different elements or components in a system.

      In simpler terms, imagine you have a bunch of different objects (like points and lines in a drawing program like Sketchpad). You want to keep track of how these objects are related to each other. For example, you might want to know all the lines that end at a particular point.

      To do this, Ivan uses a "ring structure". Each object has a "string of pointers" - basically a list of references to other objects. This list is circular - the last item in the list points back to the first item. This makes it easy to move forwards and backwards through the list.

      Each object has two "registers" or slots for keeping track of these relationships. One slot is for the object itself, and the other is for the list of related objects.

      Ivan uses the terms "hen" and "chicken" to describe these slots. The "hen" is the object itself, and the "chicken" is the list of related objects.

      Here's a simple Python code example to illustrate this concept:

      ```python class Point: def init(self): self.hen = self self.chickens = []

      class Line: def init(self, point1, point2): self.hen = self self.chickens = [point1, point2] point1.chickens.append(self) point2.chickens.append(self) ```

      In this example, a Point object has a hen that refers to itself and a list of chickens that will contain any Line objects that end at this point. When a Line is created, it adds itself to the chickens list of its end points.

      The "ring structure" is a way to organize and link different elements in a system, making it easier to find and update related elements.

    5. REVERSE INDEXING

      The text is discussing a concept in computer programming called "reverse indexing".

      In simple terms, reverse indexing is a way to access data in a list or array by starting from the end, rather than the beginning. In Python, you can use negative numbers to do reverse indexing. For example, if you have a list of numbers:

      python numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

      You can access the last item in the list (50) by using -1 as the index:

      python print(numbers[-1]) # Outputs: 50

      The text also talks about "index registers". These are special places in a computer's memory where it can quickly store and retrieve data. In the context of the text, the index registers are being used to keep track of positions in a list or array.

      The text also mentions "accumulator". In computer science, an accumulator is a register where intermediate arithmetic and logic results are stored.

      The text also talks about "pointers". In simple terms, a pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. In Python, everything is an object and every variable holds the reference to the object (the address in memory), so you can say Python has pointers.

      The text also mentions "instructions". In the context of computer programming, an instruction is a command given to the computer to perform a specific operation.

    6. MNEMONICS AND CONVENTIONS

      Mnemonics for Registers: Instead of remembering numerical indices, we use human-readable keys.

      python point = {'TYPE': 'Point', 'PVAL_X': 5, 'PVAL_Y': 10}

      Flexibility: If we want to change the internal structure, we can easily do so by changing the keys.

      ```python

      Changing 'PVAL_X' to 'X_COORD'

      point = {'TYPE': 'Point', 'X_COORD': 5, 'PVAL_Y': 10} ```

      Conventions:

      • The first component ('TYPE') indicates the type of element.
      • Numerical information like coordinates is stored at the end.

      python line = {'TYPE': 'Line', 'START': 'point1', 'END': 'point2', 'LENGTH': 7.2}

      Pointers and Topology: We can use pointers (references) to other elements to establish relationships.

      python point1 = {'TYPE': 'Point', 'PVAL_X': 1, 'PVAL_Y': 1} point2 = {'TYPE': 'Point', 'PVAL_X': 4, 'PVAL_Y': 5} line = {'TYPE': 'Line', 'START': point1, 'END': point2}

      Relocation: If we move point1 to a new variable, we update the pointer in line.

      python new_point1 = point1 # Relocating point1 to new_point1 line['START'] = new_point1 # Updating the pointer

      Segregation of Data: Numerical data is at the end, so if we need to move elements, the numerical data remains untouched.

      ```python

      Even if we relocate, the numerical data ('PVAL_X' and 'PVAL_Y') remains the same.

      ```

    7. mnemonics

      mne•mon•ic | na'mänik | noun a device such as a pattern of letters, ideas, or associations that assists in remembering something, for example Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain for the colors of the spectrum (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet): / had to invent a mnemonic, in other words a prompt, that I could use in chemistry exams. adjective aiding or designed to aid the memory: in terms of leadership, l use the mnemonic device OATE: ownership, accountability, transparency, and empowerment. • relating to the power of memory.

    8. Out of these discussions came the notions ofcopying definitions and of recursive merging which are, to me, the most im-portant contributions of the Sketchpad system

      The most important Contribution of the Sketchpatd System

      1. Copying Definitions
      2. Recursive Merging
    1. Note: Your site will not receive template updates from Squarespace when Developer Mode is enabled, and you will not be able to switch templates. Additionally, note that using Git or SFTP will not allow you to run server-side code.

      This confused me but makes sense because you're essentially branching off the main template so no more updates that's fine

    1. A Note on Plex -- A Scientific Philosophy

      I ended up finding this book, and I've been going through it. It's an interesting concept to explore. It requires a leap to not want to understand a definition by western means, but rather feel the concept of what it is. This is very high-level thinking for the time, and I'm surprised there's so little on this.

      Intuitive thinking from the point of view of philosophy and the emotional side has obscured a section of scientific thinking, which should be considered connected to our subconscious. This is the big distinction that he wants to say, "Hey, we can solve science with the subconscious, but we need to redefine our notion of where knowledge comes from." 🧠💡

    1. For me the notion of self-organization is deeply embedded in that of cy-bernetics and vice versa, but I recognize that many others do not feel thatway.

      important not to push or obsessions to others.

    2. language yielded my AlgorithmicTheory of Language (ATL

      intuitive thinking as with Aristoteles brings discovery because basing upon nothing and bringing things to light is a part of this process

    3. Plex is my very life - and has been all along, I suspect. From a creative and in-quisitive childhood, sampling all the arts, crafts, and sciences, through a strongliberal-arts background, to pure mathematics and electrical engineering - I foundmyself swept into the very exciting dawn of the computer age in my first graduate-student summer job, in 1952. Just as my marriage to Pat in the January breakof my senior year at Oberlin had been the perfect choice, my change to part-timeSpecial Student status, while embarking on my full-time professional career atMIT, can be seen as inevitable, when viewed from today's vantage point. Thereis an exquisite economy in the doings of nature, and for a long time, now, I havebeen firmly convinced that, whoever I may really be, my role in the scheme ofthings has been to initiate the discovery of Plex, not by chance, but as what Ido, simply because I'm me

      I can see him struggling with this concept at this point I dont think we had greb the concept of arts as not something you do but a part of expressing what you have to say

      There are many techinical people that are into arts and we think of that as an oddity but art is technology

    4. A possibility is that which may (but need not) be

      ```python def possibility(): # A possibility may or may not be may_be = True may_not_be = False return may_be, may_not_be

      def meaning(): # A meaning is its possibility return possibility() ```

      In this idea, possibility() returns two states: may_be and may_not_be, representing the existence and non-existence of a possibility. The meaning() function returns the same states, indicating that a meaning is its possibility.

    5. Plex is a scientific philosophy. Instead of claiming that science is so powerfulthat it can explain the understanding of understanding in question, we takeunderstanding as the open question, and set about to determine what scienceresults. [It turns out to be precisely the science we use every day, so nothingneed be discarded or overturned - but many surprises result. Some very simpleexplanations for some very important scientific observations arise naturally inthe course of Plex development. For example, from the First Definition, thereare several Plex proofs that there was no beginning, contrary to StephenHawking's statement that "this idea that time and space should be finite withoutboundary is just a proposal: it cannot be deduced from some other principle."(A Brief History of Time, p. 136.) The very concept of a "big bang" is strictlyan inherent artifact of our science's view of the nature of nature. There was no"initial instant" of time.]Axioms are assumptions. Plex has no axioms - only definitions. (Only) Noth-ing is assumed to be known without definition, and even that is "by definition" ,

      It doesn't claim that science can explain everything, but rather, it uses science to explore and understand our understanding of the world. The surprising part is that the science it uses is the same science we use daily, so nothing new needs to be learned or old knowledge discarded.

      One example of a surprising discovery made through Plex is that, contrary to Stephen Hawking's theory, there was no beginning to time and space. This contradicts the popular "big bang" theory, which suggests there was an initial moment when time and space began. According to Plex, this idea of a "big bang" is just a result of how our current science views the nature of the universe.

      Plex also differs from other scientific approaches in that it doesn't rely on axioms, which are assumptions made without proof. Instead, Plex only uses definitions, meaning it only accepts as true what can be clearly defined and understood.

      We're saying let's consider the concept of a "big bang". In traditional science, we might assume the existence of a "big bang" like this:

      instead of thinking big_bang = True

      But in Plex, we would only accept the "big bang" if we can define it:

      python def big_bang(): # Define what a "big bang" is # If we can't define it, then it doesn't exist in Plex pass

      Let's not assume reality but rather just try to define the elements we need to use

    6. Nothing doesn't exist. That is the First Definition of Plex - a scientific phi-losophy whose aim is understanding our understanding of the nature of nature.Plex does not attempt to understand nature itself, but only our understandingof it. We are included in nature as we do "our understanding", both scientificand informal, so we must understand ourselves, as well - not just what we thinkwe are, but as we really are, as integral, natural beings of nature. How one "un-derstand"s and even who "we" are as we do "our understanding" necessarily isleft completely open, for all that must arise naturally from the very nature ofnature.

      I think that Plex is scientific philosophy that aims to understand our understanding of nature, rather than nature itself. It emphasizes that our understanding of nature determines our role in the scheme of things.

      In simpler terms, Plex is about how we perceive and interact with the world around us. It's not about the actual nature of things, but about how we understand and interpret them.

      For example, if a being could only perceive magnetic fields, then anything non-magnetic would be invisible or non-existent to it. That's its understanding of nature, and it would behave accordingly.

      The text also mentions that Plex doesn't have axioms, which are fundamental truths or principles that are accepted without proof. Instead, it only has definitions. This means that Plex doesn't assume anything to be true without defining it first.

      The author also challenges the concept of a "big bang" or a beginning of time, stating that this idea is an artifact of our current scientific understanding, and that Plex offers proofs that there was no beginning.

      Here's a Python analogy to help understand this concept:

      ```python class Being: def init(self, understanding): self.understanding = understanding

      def perceive(self, nature):
          return self.understanding(nature)
      

      def magnetic_understanding(nature): return 'magnetic' in nature

      def non_magnetic_understanding(nature): return 'non-magnetic' in nature

      magnetic_being = Being(magnetic_understanding) non_magnetic_being = Being(non_magnetic_understanding)

      nature = ['magnetic', 'non-magnetic']

      print(magnetic_being.perceive(nature)) # True print(non_magnetic_being.perceive(nature)) # True ```

      In this example, Being represents a being in Plex. Each being has an understanding of nature, which is a function that takes nature as input and returns a perception. The magnetic_understanding and non_magnetic_understanding functions represent different ways of understanding nature. When a being perceives nature, it uses its understanding to interpret it. The magnetic being can perceive magnetic things in nature, while the non-magnetic being can perceive non-magnetic things.

    1. In the first crack at representing constraints I made two baSicerrors which have subsequently been corrected. First, I provided thatthe constraints be tied not only to the variables constrained but alsoto related nonvariables. For example, the horizontal constraint notonly referred (as it should) to the two end points of a line, but also(as has been . subsequently removed) to the line itself. It was impos-sible to make points have the same y coordinate without having a line

      💆‍♂️

    2. The decision actually to implement a drawing system reflected ourfeeling that knowledge of the facilities which would p~ove useful.could only be obtained by actually trying them.

      The decision to actually implement a drawing system reflected our belief that knowledge of the facilities, which would be useful, could only be attained by actually testing them. The decision to implement a drawing system did not imply however, that brute force techniques were to be employed to computerize ordinary drafting tools.

    1. All of the process capabilities in the individual's repertoire rest ultimately upon basic capabilities within him or his artifacts, and the entire repertoire represents an inter-knit, hierarchical structure (which we often call the repertoire hierarchy).

      This section is vital for assessing the capabilities of the remember or the system and knowing what your tools can do.

      I think this fits with Ray Dalios definition of baseball card management.

    1. There are those that are executed completely within the human integument which we call processcapabilities there are those possessed by artifacts for executing processes without human intervention which we callprocess capabilities and there are what we call the processcapabilities which are derived from hierarchies containing both of theother kinds

      Really interesting concept explicit-human and explicit-artiact

    1. HyperCard™ is a new kind of application—a unique information environment for your Apple® Macintosh™ computer. Use it to look for and store information—words, charts, pictures, digitized photographs—about any subject that suits you. Any piece of information in HyperCard can connect to any other piece of information, so you can find out what you want to know in as much or as little detail as you need.

      This is such an important concept we need to rescue