- Jun 2019
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twitter.com twitter.com
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I imagine there is
Is Hypothes.is it ?
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nakamotoinstitute.org nakamotoinstitute.org
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Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System
We hope you enjoy our curations of blockchain content across the internet as well as our guides. You can find us at https://ethdocs.github.io and join the conversation!
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- Mar 2019
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Nine alternatives to lecturing This page briefly describes nine ways to teach other than lecture. Some of these are common, such as case study; others, such as a pro and con grid, are explained less often. This page, like the others I have bookmarked, is oriented toward teaching college students and adults.
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magenta.tensorflow.org magenta.tensorflow.org
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Within the frame-based loss term, we apply a weighting to encourage accuracy at the start of the note.
From Onsets and Frames paper
"we define the weighted frame loss as:
$$L_{frame}(l,p) = \begin{cases} c L'_{frame}(l,p) & t_1 \leq t \leq t_2 \\ \frac{c}{t-t_2} L'_{frame}(l,p) & t_2 < t \leq t_3 \\ L'_{frame}(l,p) & \text{ elsewhere } \end{cases}$$
where c = 5.0 as determined with coarse hyperparameter search."
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we also restrict the final output of the model to start new notes only when the onset detector is confident that a note onset is in that frame.
From Onsets and Frames paper
"We also use the thresholded output of the onset detector during the inference process, similar to concurrent research described in [24]. An activation from the frame detector is only allowed to start a note if the onset detector agrees that an onset is present in that frame."
From referenced paper [24]
"Finally, we peak pick the two-channel activation matrix to convert the framewise piano roll to a list of note events. Per note, we step through each time frame and place an onset at positions where the articulation channel is above a set threshold, and then include all frames onward until the sustain channel is under another fixed threshold, at which point we output an offset. If a new articulation is found during an active note event we simply fragment it by outputting additional offsets and onsets."
where articulation channel refers to the parallel piano-roll channel where only note frames corresponding to note onsets are active, so here onset labels (onsets = articulations in authors' lingo), and sustain channel would be our frame-level predictions corresponding to note-level frame labels.
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Annotators
URL
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- Jan 2019
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www.jinse.com www.jinse.com
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“那些所谓的‘白皮书’描述的目标非常宏大，原本只是想做行业某一方面的应用，却拔高到想要做一条全新的底层公链。事实上，若想开发一条完整的区块链底层公链，必须具有在行业应用方面独特的技术创新，并且能够实现稳定运行。这显然不是一般行业应用团队可以实现的事情。”
<big>评：</big><br/><br/>市面上的多数白皮书是否都在摊大饼？或许在回答这个问题前，我们应该多多学习李笑来「不断厘清自己概念」的精神。为什么原本属于 Business Plan 范畴的文档会被冠以 “White Paper” 的称号？在维基百科的词条里我们可以找到如下定义：</br></br>A white paper is an authoritative report or guide that informs readers concisely about a complex issue and presents the issuing body's philosophy on the matter.
White papers are a "... tool of participatory democracy ... not [an] unalterable policy commitment."
"White papers have tried to perform the dual role of presenting firm government policies while at the same time inviting opinions upon them."</i></br></br> “authoritative” 一词在精神上与 “decentralized” 构成对立，但前者却是迄今为止所有组织都偏好的行动范式，甚至喜欢到了上瘾的地步。人们很难揣测第一个在密码社群抛出 “White Paper” 概念的人是否对此概念有细致的探究，但这并不妨碍那些雄心勃勃想要改变世界，抑或是打算割完韭菜就走的团队借此「文化活用」，向外输出它们的价值哲学。他们的立场很决绝，但鲜有做到广纳群言。
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www.jamierubin.net www.jamierubin.net
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Isaacson pointed out that more than 7,000 pages from Da Vinci’s notebooks survived to today–a stretch of 500 years. He asked how many of our tweets and Facebook posts will survive even 50 years. Paper, it turns out, is a durable medium of information storage.
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- May 2018
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CredCo Indicator:Inference - Convincing Evidence
Question:How convincing do you find the evidence given for the primary claim?
Answer:Fairly Convincing
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In a 2014 study, a team led by Claverie revived two viruses that had been trapped in Siberian permafrost for 30,000 years.
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)
Highlight:
In a 2014 study, a team led by Claverie revived two viruses that had been trapped in Siberian permafrost for 30,000 years.
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Two years later, scientists managed to revive an 8-million-year-old bacterium that had been lying dormant in ice, beneath the surface of a glacier in the Beacon and Mullins valleys of Antarctica. In the same study, bacteria were also revived from ice that was over 100,000 years old.
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)
Highlight:
Two years later, scientists managed to revive an 8-million-year-old bacterium that had been lying dormant in ice, beneath the surface of a glacier in the Beacon and Mullins valleys of Antarctica. In the same study, bacteria were also revived from ice that was over 100,000 years old.
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In a 2005 study, NASA scientists successfully revived bacteria that had been encased in a frozen pond in Alaska for 32,000 years. The microbes, called Carnobacterium pleistocenium, had been frozen since the Pleistocene period, when woolly mammoths still roamed the Earth. Once the ice melted, they began swimming around, seemingly unaffected.
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)
Highlight:
In a 2005 study, NASA scientists successfully revived bacteria that had been encased in a frozen pond in Alaska for 32,000 years. The microbes, called Carnobacterium pleistocenium, had been frozen since the Pleistocene period, when woolly mammoths still roamed the Earth. Once the ice melted, they began swimming around, seemingly unaffected.
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For instance, scientists have discovered fragments of RNA from the 1918 Spanish flu virus in corpses buried in mass graves in Alaska's tundra. Smallpox and the bubonic plague are also likely buried in Siberia.
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)
Highlight:
For instance, scientists have discovered fragments of RNA from the 1918 Spanish flu virus in corpses buried in mass graves in Alaska's tundra. Smallpox and the bubonic plague are also likely buried in Siberia.
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For instance, scientists have discovered fragments of RNA from the 1918 Spanish flu virus in corpses buried in mass graves in Alaska's tundra. Smallpox and the bubonic plague are also likely buried in Siberia.
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:The correlation appears across multiple independent contexts
Highlight:
For instance, scientists have discovered fragments of RNA from the 1918 Spanish flu virus in corpses buried in mass graves in Alaska's tundra. Smallpox and the bubonic plague are also likely buried in Siberia.
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In August 2016, in a remote corner of Siberian tundra called the Yamal Peninsula in the Arctic Circle, a 12-year-old boy died and at least twenty people were hospitalised after being infected by anthrax. The theory is that, over 75 years ago, a reindeer infected with anthrax died and its frozen carcass became trapped under a layer of frozen soil, known as permafrost. There it stayed until a heatwave in the summer of 2016, when the permafrost thawed.
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:The correlation appears across multiple independent contexts
Highlight:
In August 2016, in a remote corner of Siberian tundra called the Yamal Peninsula in the Arctic Circle, a 12-year-old boy died and at least twenty people were hospitalised after being infected by anthrax.
The theory is that, over 75 years ago, a reindeer infected with anthrax died and its frozen carcass became trapped under a layer of frozen soil, known as permafrost. There it stayed until a heatwave in the summer of 2016, when the permafrost thawed.
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Climate change is melting permafrost soils that have been frozen for thousands of years, and as the soils melt they are releasing ancient viruses and bacteria that, having lain dormant, are springing back to life.
CredCo Indicator:Inference - Type of Claims
Question:Is a general or singular causal claim made? Highlight the section(s) that supports your answer.
Answer:General Causal Claim
Highlight:
Climate change is melting permafrost soils that have been frozen for thousands of years, and as the soils melt they are releasing ancient viruses and bacteria that, having lain dormant, are springing back to life.
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CredCo Indicator:Tone - Exaggerated Claims
Question:Does the author exaggerate any claims? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
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CredCo Indicator:Tone - Emotionally Charged
Question:Does the article have an emotionally charged tone? (i.e, outrage, snark, celebration, horror, etc.). If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
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CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Naturalistic
Question:Does the author suggest that something is good because it is natural, or bad because it is not natural (the naturalistic fallacy)?
Answer:No
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CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Appeal to Fear
Question:Does the author exaggerate the dangers of a situation and use scare tactics to persuade (the appeal to fear fallacy)?
Answer:No
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CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Slippery Slope
Question:Does the author say that one small change will lead to a major change (use a slippery slope argument)? Highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
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CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - False Dilemma
Question:Does the author present a complicated choice as if it were binary (construct a false dilemma)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
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CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Straw Man
Question:Does the author present the counterargument as a weaker, more foolish version of the real counterargument (use a Straw Man Argument)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
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CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Acknowledge Uncertainty
Question:Do they acknowledge uncertainty or the possibility that things might be otherwise? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
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CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Extent Claims Justified
Question:To what extent does their confidence in their claims seem justified?
Answer:Somewhat justified
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In February 2017, NASA scientists announced that they had found 10-50,000-year-old microbes inside crystals in a Mexican mine.
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies
Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:
Answer:Scientific Study 4
Highlight:
In February 2017, NASA scientists announced that they had found 10-50,000-year-old microbes inside crystals in a Mexican mine.
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In a 2014 study, a team led by Claverie revived two viruses that had been trapped in Siberian permafrost for 30,000 years.
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies
Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:
Answer:Scientific Study 3
Highlight:
In a 2014 study, a team led by Claverie revived two viruses that had been trapped in Siberian permafrost for 30,000 years.
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In a 2005 study, NASA scientists successfully revived bacteria that had been encased in a frozen pond in Alaska for 32,000 years.
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies
Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:
Answer:Scientific Study 2
Highlight:
In a 2005 study, NASA scientists successfully revived bacteria that had been encased in a frozen pond in Alaska for 32,000 years.
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In a project that began in the 1990s, scientists from the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology in Novosibirsk have tested the remains of Stone Age people that had been found in southern Siberia, in the region of Gorny Altai.
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies
Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:
Answer:Scientific Study 1
Highlight:
In a project that began in the 1990s, scientists from the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology in Novosibirsk have tested the remains of Stone Age people that had been found in southern Siberia, in the region of Gorny Altai.
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microbiologist Hazel Barton
CredCo Indicator:Quotes from Outside Experts
Question:Highlight each expert cited:
Answer:Expert 3
Highlight:
microbiologist Hazel Barton
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Boris Revich and Marina Podolnaya
CredCo Indicator:Quotes from Outside Experts
Question:Highlight each expert cited:
Answer:Expert 2
Highlight:
Boris Revich and Marina Podolnaya
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evolutionary biologist Jean-Michel Claverie
CredCo Indicator:Quotes from Outside Experts
Question:Highlight each expert cited:
Answer:Expert 1
Highlight:
evolutionary biologist Jean-Michel Claverie
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Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.
Answer:Studies
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Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.
Answer:Experts
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CredCo Indicator:Single Study Article
Question:Is this article primarily about a single scientific study?
Answer:No
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diseases hidden in ice,
CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title
Question:What clickbait techniques does this headline employ (select all that apply)?
Answer:Inducing fear (“Is Your Boyfriend Cheating on You?”)
Highlight:
diseases hidden in ice,
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CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title
Question:Is the headline clickbaity?
Answer:Somewhat clickbaity
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CredCo Indicator:Title Representativeness
Question:Question: Does the title of the article accurately reflect the content of the article?
Answer:Somewhat Representative
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Question:Rate your impression of the credibility of this article
Answer:Somewhat high credibility
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ewao.com ewao.com
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CredCo Indicator:Inference - Convincing Evidence
Question:How convincing do you find the evidence given for the primary claim?
Answer:Moderately Convincing
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When read carefully, the CDC acknowledges that studies finding any perceived reduction in death rates may be due to the healthy-user effect- the tendency for healthier people to be vaccinated more than less-healthy people.
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:Correlation
Highlight:
When read carefully, the CDC acknowledges that studies finding any perceived reduction in death rates may be due to the healthy-user effect- the tendency for healthier people to be vaccinated more than less-healthy people.
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One study found that those who get the vaccine for three to five years increase their risk of Alzheimer's disease 10-fold.
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)
Highlight:
One study found that those who get the vaccine for three to five years increase their risk of Alzheimer's disease 10-fold.
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A study released in February found that the flu shot was only 9 percent effective in protecting seniors against the 2012-2013 season's most virulent influenza bug...
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)
Highlight:
A study released in February found that the flu shot was only 9 percent effective in protecting seniors against the 2012-2013 season's most virulent influenza bug...
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randomized, controlled trials of healthy adults found that vaccinating between 33 and 100 people resulted in one less case of influenza...In
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)
Highlight:
randomized, controlled trials of healthy adults found that vaccinating between 33 and 100 people resulted in one less case of influenza...In
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The only randomized trial of influenza vaccine in older people found no decrease in deaths...
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)
Highlight:
The only randomized trial of influenza vaccine in older people found no decrease in deaths...
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what's in the vaccines--especially those from 2015 and after--might actually be more damaging then simply rolling the dice on getting the flu.
CredCo Indicator:Inference - Type of Claims
Question:Is a general or singular causal claim made? Highlight the section(s) that supports your answer.
Answer:General Causal Claim
Highlight:
what's in the vaccines--especially those from 2015 and after--might actually be more damaging then simply rolling the dice on getting the flu.
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Not only is the vaccine not safe, it doesn't even work...The vaccine is completely worthless, and the government knows it...There
CredCo Indicator:Tone - Exaggerated Claims
Question:Does the author exaggerate any claims? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
Not only is the vaccine not safe, it doesn't even work...The vaccine is completely worthless, and the government knows it...There
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CredCo Indicator:Tone - Emotionally Charged
Question:Does the article have an emotionally charged tone? (i.e, outrage, snark, celebration, horror, etc.). If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
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they know it contains a dose of mercury that is toxic to the brain...They
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Naturalistic
Question:Does the author suggest that something is good because it is natural, or bad because it is not natural (the naturalistic fallacy)?
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
they know it contains a dose of mercury that is toxic to the brain...They
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Not only is the vaccine not safe, it doesn't even
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Appeal to Fear
Question:Does the author exaggerate the dangers of a situation and use scare tactics to persuade (the appeal to fear fallacy)?
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
Not only is the vaccine not safe, it doesn't even
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work...The vaccine is completely worthless, and the government knows it...There
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Appeal to Fear
Question:Does the author exaggerate the dangers of a situation and use scare tactics to persuade (the appeal to fear fallacy)?
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
work...The vaccine is completely worthless, and the government knows it...There
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CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Slippery Slope
Question:Does the author say that one small change will lead to a major change (use a slippery slope argument)? Highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
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CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - False Dilemma
Question:Does the author present a complicated choice as if it were binary (construct a false dilemma)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
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CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Straw Man
Question:Does the author present the counterargument as a weaker, more foolish version of the real counterargument (use a Straw Man Argument)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
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While it may be a contested subject,
CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Acknowledge Uncertainty
Question:Do they acknowledge uncertainty or the possibility that things might be otherwise? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
While it may be a contested subject,
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CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Extent Claims Justified
Question:To what extent does their confidence in their claims seem justified?
Answer:Somewhat justified
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A study released in February found that the flu shot was only 9 percent effective in protecting seniors against the 2012-2013 season's most virulent influenza bug...
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies
Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:
Answer:Scientific Study 4
Highlight:
A study released in February found that the flu shot was only 9 percent effective in protecting seniors against the 2012-2013 season's most virulent influenza bug...
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Yet a study by the Cochrane group studied hundreds of thousands of people and found it offered zero protection for those three things in the general community.
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies
Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:
Answer:Scientific Study 3
Highlight:
Yet a study by the Cochrane group studied hundreds of thousands of people and found it offered zero protection for those three things in the general community.
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(In) an Australian study (it was) found (that) one in every 110 children under the age of five had convulsions following vaccinations in 2009 for H1N1 influenza.
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies
Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:
Answer:Scientific Study 2
Highlight:
(In) an Australian study (it was) found (that) one in every 110 children under the age of five had convulsions following vaccinations in 2009 for H1N1 influenza.
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randomized, controlled trials of healthy adults found that vaccinating between 33 and 100 people resulted in one less case of influenza...In
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies
Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:
Answer:Scientific Study 1
Highlight:
randomized, controlled trials of healthy adults found that vaccinating between 33 and 100 people resulted in one less case of influenza...In
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Dr. Russell Blaylock,
CredCo Indicator:Quotes from Outside Experts
Question:Highlight each expert cited:
Answer:Expert 2
Highlight:
Dr. Russell Blaylock,
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Peter Doshi's
CredCo Indicator:Quotes from Outside Experts
Question:Highlight each expert cited:
Answer:Expert 1
Highlight:
Peter Doshi's
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Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.
Answer:Studies
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Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.
Answer:Experts
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CredCo Indicator:Single Study Article
Question:Is this article primarily about a single scientific study?
Answer:No
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releases shocking report
CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title
Question:What clickbait techniques does this headline employ (select all that apply)?
Answer:Provoking emotions, such as shock or surprise (“...Shocking Result”, “...Leave You in Tears”)
Highlight:
releases shocking report
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CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title
Question:Is the headline clickbaity?
Answer:Somewhat clickbaity
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CredCo Indicator:Title Representativeness
Question:Question: Does the title of the article accurately reflect the content of the article?
Answer:Somewhat Representative
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Question:Rate your impression of the credibility of this article
Answer:Medium credibility
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dailyoccupation.com dailyoccupation.com
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CredCo Indicator:Inference - Convincing Evidence
Question:How convincing do you find the evidence given for the primary claim?
Answer:Moderately Convincing
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When we consume simple carbohydrates such as sugar, blood sugar rises rapidly. In response, your pancreas secretes insulin whose primary purpose is to drive sugar into each cell where it is stored for energy. If the cell is full and does not need glucose, it is rejected to avoid extra sugar gumming up the works.
Question:What kind of evidence do they give?
Answer:A cause-and-effect chain of biological events is provided.
Highlight:
When we consume simple carbohydrates such as sugar, blood sugar rises rapidly. In response, your pancreas secretes insulin whose primary purpose is to drive sugar into each cell where it is stored for energy. If the cell is full and does not need glucose, it is rejected to avoid extra sugar gumming up the works.
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Blood sugar is controlled in a very narrow range. Extra sugar molecules attach to a variety of proteins that in turn injure the blood vessel wall. This repeated injury to the blood vessel wall sets off inflammation. When you spike your blood sugar level several times a day, every day, it is exactly like taking sandpaper to the inside of your delicate blood vessels.
Question:What kind of evidence do they give?
Answer:A cause-and-effect chain of biological events is provided.
Highlight:
Blood sugar is controlled in a very narrow range. Extra sugar molecules attach to a variety of proteins that in turn injure the blood vessel wall. This repeated injury to the blood vessel wall sets off inflammation. When you spike your blood sugar level several times a day, every day, it is exactly like taking sandpaper to the inside of your delicate blood vessels.
-
Blood sugar is controlled in a very narrow range. Extra sugar molecules attach to a variety of proteins that in turn injure the blood vessel wall. This repeated injury to the blood vessel wall sets off inflammation. When you spike your blood sugar level several times a day, every day, it is exactly like taking sandpaper to the inside of your delicate blood vessels.
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:Other kind of evidence
Highlight:
Blood sugar is controlled in a very narrow range. Extra sugar molecules attach to a variety of proteins that in turn injure the blood vessel wall. This repeated injury to the blood vessel wall sets off inflammation. When you spike your blood sugar level several times a day, every day, it is exactly like taking sandpaper to the inside of your delicate blood vessels.
-
When we consume simple carbohydrates such as sugar, blood sugar rises rapidly. In response, your pancreas secretes insulin whose primary purpose is to drive sugar into each cell where it is stored for energy. If the cell is full and does not need glucose, it is rejected to avoid extra sugar gumming up the works.
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:Other kind of evidence
Highlight:
When we consume simple carbohydrates such as sugar, blood sugar rises rapidly. In response, your pancreas secretes insulin whose primary purpose is to drive sugar into each cell where it is stored for energy. If the cell is full and does not need glucose, it is rejected to avoid extra sugar gumming up the works.
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The injury and inflammation in our blood vessels is caused by the low fat diet recommended for years by mainstream medicine.
CredCo Indicator:Inference - Type of Claims
Question:Is a general or singular causal claim made? Highlight the section(s) that supports your answer.
Answer:General Causal Claim
Highlight:
The injury and inflammation in our blood vessels is caused by the low fat diet recommended for years by mainstream medicine.
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CredCo Indicator:Tone - Exaggerated Claims
Question:Does the author exaggerate any claims? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
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Let me repeat that: The injury and inflammation in our blood vessels is caused by the low fat diet recommended for years by mainstream medicine.
CredCo Indicator:Tone - Emotionally Charged
Question:Does the article have an emotionally charged tone? (i.e, outrage, snark, celebration, horror, etc.). If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
Let me repeat that: The injury and inflammation in our blood vessels is caused by the low fat diet recommended for years by mainstream medicine.
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The process that began with a sweet roll turns into a vicious cycle over time that creates heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and finally, Alzheimer’s disease, as the inflammatory process continues unabated.
CredCo Indicator:Tone - Emotionally Charged
Question:Does the article have an emotionally charged tone? (i.e, outrage, snark, celebration, horror, etc.). If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
The process that began with a sweet roll turns into a vicious cycle over time that creates heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and finally, Alzheimer’s disease, as the inflammatory process continues unabated.
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The ratio of imbalance ranges from 15:1 to as high as 30:1 in favor of omega-6. That’s a tremendous amount of cytokines causing inflammation. In today’s food environment, a 3:1 ratio would be optimal and healthy.
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Naturalistic
Question:Does the author suggest that something is good because it is natural, or bad because it is not natural (the naturalistic fallacy)?
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
The ratio of imbalance ranges from 15:1 to as high as 30:1 in favor of omega-6. That’s a tremendous amount of cytokines causing inflammation. In today’s food environment, a 3:1 ratio would be optimal and healthy.
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There is but one answer to quieting inflammation, and that is returning to foods closer to their natural state.
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Naturalistic
Question:Does the author suggest that something is good because it is natural, or bad because it is not natural (the naturalistic fallacy)?
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
There is but one answer to quieting inflammation, and that is returning to foods closer to their natural state.
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While we savor the tantalizing taste of a sweet roll, our bodies respond alarmingly as if a foreign invader arrived declaring war.
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Appeal to Fear
Question:Does the author exaggerate the dangers of a situation and use scare tactics to persuade (the appeal to fear fallacy)?
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
While we savor the tantalizing taste of a sweet roll, our bodies respond alarmingly as if a foreign invader arrived declaring war.
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By eliminating inflammatory foods and adding essential nutrients from fresh unprocessed food, you will reverse years of damage in your arteries and throughout your body from consuming the typical American diet.
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Slippery Slope
Question:Does the author say that one small change will lead to a major change (use a slippery slope argument)? Highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
By eliminating inflammatory foods and adding essential nutrients from fresh unprocessed food, you will reverse years of damage in your arteries and throughout your body from consuming the typical American diet.
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CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - False Dilemma
Question:Does the author present a complicated choice as if it were binary (construct a false dilemma)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
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CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Straw Man
Question:Does the author present the counterargument as a weaker, more foolish version of the real counterargument (use a Straw Man Argument)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
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CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Acknowledge Uncertainty
Question:Do they acknowledge uncertainty or the possibility that things might be otherwise? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
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CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Extent Claims Justified
Question:To what extent does their confidence in their claims seem justified?
Answer:Slightly justified
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American Heart Association
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Organizations
Question:Highlight each organization cited:
Answer:Cited Organization 1
Highlight:
American Heart Association
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heart surgeon with 25 years experience, having performed over 5,000 open-heart surgeries,
CredCo Indicator:Quotes from Outside Experts
Question:Highlight each expert cited:
Answer:Expert 1
Highlight:
heart surgeon with 25 years experience, having performed over 5,000 open-heart surgeries,
-
Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.
Answer:Organizations
-
Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.
Answer:Experts
-
CredCo Indicator:Single Study Article
Question:Is this article primarily about a single scientific study?
Answer:No
-
What Really Causes Heart Disease
CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title
Question:What clickbait techniques does this headline employ (select all that apply)?
Answer:Hidden secret or trick (“Fitness Companies Hate Him...”, “Experts are Dying to Know Their Secret”)
Highlight:
What Really Causes Heart Disease
-
CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title
Question:Is the headline clickbaity?
Answer:A little bit clickbaity
-
CredCo Indicator:Title Representativeness
Question:Question: Does the title of the article accurately reflect the content of the article?
Answer:Completely Representative
-
Question:Rate your impression of the credibility of this article
Answer:Medium credibility
-
-
mic.com mic.com
-
CredCo Indicator:Inference - Convincing Evidence
Question:How convincing do you find the evidence given for the primary claim?
Answer:Fairly Convincing
-
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:No evidence given
-
CredCo Indicator:Inference - Type of Claims
Question:Is a general or singular causal claim made? Highlight the section(s) that supports your answer.
Answer:No Causal Claim
-
CredCo Indicator:Tone - Exaggerated Claims
Question:Does the author exaggerate any claims? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
-
CredCo Indicator:Tone - Emotionally Charged
Question:Does the article have an emotionally charged tone? (i.e, outrage, snark, celebration, horror, etc.). If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
-
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Naturalistic
Question:Does the author suggest that something is good because it is natural, or bad because it is not natural (the naturalistic fallacy)?
Answer:No
-
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Appeal to Fear
Question:Does the author exaggerate the dangers of a situation and use scare tactics to persuade (the appeal to fear fallacy)?
Answer:No
-
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Slippery Slope
Question:Does the author say that one small change will lead to a major change (use a slippery slope argument)? Highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
-
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - False Dilemma
Question:Does the author present a complicated choice as if it were binary (construct a false dilemma)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
-
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Straw Man
Question:Does the author present the counterargument as a weaker, more foolish version of the real counterargument (use a Straw Man Argument)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
-
CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Acknowledge Uncertainty
Question:Do they acknowledge uncertainty or the possibility that things might be otherwise? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
-
CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Extent Claims Justified
Question:To what extent does their confidence in their claims seem justified?
Answer:Mostly justified
-
Raw Story,
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Organizations
Question:Highlight each organization cited:
Answer:Cited Organization 2
Highlight:
Raw Story,
-
Huffington Post
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Organizations
Question:Highlight each organization cited:
Answer:Cited Organization 1
Highlight:
Huffington Post
-
Physicians for Reproductive Health advocacy fellow Dr. Diane Horvath-Cosper
CredCo Indicator:Quotes from Outside Experts
Question:Highlight each expert cited:
Answer:Expert 1
Highlight:
Physicians for Reproductive Health advocacy fellow Dr. Diane Horvath-Cosper
-
Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.
Answer:Organizations
-
Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.
Answer:Experts
-
CredCo Indicator:Single Study Article
Question:Is this article primarily about a single scientific study?
Answer:No
-
sexual assault could be considered a pre-existing condition
CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title
Question:What clickbait techniques does this headline employ (select all that apply)?
Answer:Cliffhanger to a story (“You Won’t Believe What Happens Next”, “Man Divorces His Wife After Overhearing This Conversation”)
Highlight:
sexual assault could be considered a pre-existing condition
-
CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title
Question:Is the headline clickbaity?
Answer:A little bit clickbaity
-
CredCo Indicator:Title Representativeness
Question:Question: Does the title of the article accurately reflect the content of the article?
Answer:Somewhat Representative
-
Question:Rate your impression of the credibility of this article
Answer:Somewhat high credibility
-
-
ewao.com ewao.com
-
CredCo Indicator:Inference - Convincing Evidence
Question:How convincing do you find the evidence given for the primary claim?
Answer:Moderately Convincing
-
http://cdc.news/2017-06-01-autism-risk-420-higher-in-vaccinated-children-vs-non-vaccinated-published-science-confirms.html http://www.bewellbuzz.com/general/10-reasons-flu-shots-dangerous-flu/ http://www.rejuvenation-science.com/medication-depletion http://chemo.news/ https://realfarmacy.com/75-of-physicians-in-the-world-refuse-chemotherapy-for-themselves/
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:Experts are cited
Highlight:
http://cdc.news/2017-06-01-autism-risk-420-higher-in-vaccinated-children-vs-non-vaccinated-published-science-confirms.html http://www.bewellbuzz.com/general/10-reasons-flu-shots-dangerous-flu/ http://www.rejuvenation-science.com/medication-depletion http://chemo.news/ https://realfarmacy.com/75-of-physicians-in-the-world-refuse-chemotherapy-for-themselves/
-
Prescription pills and treatments have many dangerous side effects.
CredCo Indicator:Inference - Type of Claims
Question:Is a general or singular causal claim made? Highlight the section(s) that supports your answer.
Answer:General Causal Claim
Highlight:
Prescription pills and treatments have many dangerous side effects.
-
Injecting mercury into your muscle tissue will send a widespread shock through your body, which causes a severe, instant hyper-immune reply from the central nervous system.
CredCo Indicator:Tone - Exaggerated Claims
Question:Does the author exaggerate any claims? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
Injecting mercury into your muscle tissue will send a widespread shock through your body, which causes a severe, instant hyper-immune reply from the central nervous system.
-
Chemotherapy should already be illegal, but it’s not.
CredCo Indicator:Tone - Emotionally Charged
Question:Does the article have an emotionally charged tone? (i.e, outrage, snark, celebration, horror, etc.). If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
Chemotherapy should already be illegal, but it’s not.
-
If you think this is not true, check the Merck vaccine ingredient insert sheet for yourself.
CredCo Indicator:Tone - Emotionally Charged
Question:Does the article have an emotionally charged tone? (i.e, outrage, snark, celebration, horror, etc.). If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
If you think this is not true, check the Merck vaccine ingredient insert sheet for yourself.
-
What’s the point in treating seizures with a drug that damages a vital organ?
CredCo Indicator:Tone - Emotionally Charged
Question:Does the article have an emotionally charged tone? (i.e, outrage, snark, celebration, horror, etc.). If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
What’s the point in treating seizures with a drug that damages a vital organ?
-
At the moment, doctors in America are not authorized to prescribe or talk about resveratrol because this remedy is a natural remedy for blood clots. If you need some blood thinners, ask a naturopathic doctor and get a natural one.
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Naturalistic
Question:Does the author suggest that something is good because it is natural, or bad because it is not natural (the naturalistic fallacy)?
Answer:Yes
Highlight:
At the moment, doctors in America are not authorized to prescribe or talk about resveratrol because this remedy is a natural remedy for blood clots. If you need some blood thinners, ask a naturopathic doctor and get a natural one.
-
The RotaTeq vaccine created by Dr. Paul Offit contains two strains of a deadly pig virus called circovirus, and there is no real reason to treat infant diarrhea with the same deadly virus that kills thousands of pigs in China.
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Appeal to Fear
Question:Does the author exaggerate the dangers of a situation and use scare tactics to persuade (the appeal to fear fallacy)?
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
The RotaTeq vaccine created by Dr. Paul Offit contains two strains of a deadly pig virus called circovirus, and there is no real reason to treat infant diarrhea with the same deadly virus that kills thousands of pigs in China.
-
What’s the point in treating seizures with a drug that damages a vital organ?
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Appeal to Fear
Question:Does the author exaggerate the dangers of a situation and use scare tactics to persuade (the appeal to fear fallacy)?
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
What’s the point in treating seizures with a drug that damages a vital organ?
-
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Slippery Slope
Question:Does the author say that one small change will lead to a major change (use a slippery slope argument)? Highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
-
Also, consuming pharmaceutical drugs will not cure your illness. Instead, many of them will likely cause more long-term harm, than good.
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - False Dilemma
Question:Does the author present a complicated choice as if it were binary (construct a false dilemma)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
Also, consuming pharmaceutical drugs will not cure your illness. Instead, many of them will likely cause more long-term harm, than good.
-
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Straw Man
Question:Does the author present the counterargument as a weaker, more foolish version of the real counterargument (use a Straw Man Argument)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
-
Also, consuming pharmaceutical drugs will not cure your illness.
CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Acknowledge Uncertainty
Question:Do they acknowledge uncertainty or the possibility that things might be otherwise? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
Also, consuming pharmaceutical drugs will not cure your illness.
-
CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Extent Claims Justified
Question:To what extent does their confidence in their claims seem justified?
Answer:Slightly justified
-
FDA
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Organizations
Question:Highlight each organization cited:
Answer:Cited Organization 2
Highlight:
FDA
-
CDC
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Organizations
Question:Highlight each organization cited:
Answer:Cited Organization 1
Highlight:
CDC
-
http://cdc.news/2017-06-01-autism-risk-420-higher-in-vaccinated-children-vs-non-vaccinated-published-science-confirms.html http://www.bewellbuzz.com/general/10-reasons-flu-shots-dangerous-flu/ http://www.rejuvenation-science.com/medication-depletion http://chemo.news/ https://realfarmacy.com/75-of-physicians-in-the-world-refuse-chemotherapy-for-themselves/
Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.
Answer:Other
Highlight:
http://cdc.news/2017-06-01-autism-risk-420-higher-in-vaccinated-children-vs-non-vaccinated-published-science-confirms.html http://www.bewellbuzz.com/general/10-reasons-flu-shots-dangerous-flu/ http://www.rejuvenation-science.com/medication-depletion http://chemo.news/ https://realfarmacy.com/75-of-physicians-in-the-world-refuse-chemotherapy-for-themselves/
-
Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.
Answer:Organizations
-
CredCo Indicator:Single Study Article
Question:Is this article primarily about a single scientific study?
Answer:No
-
Immediately Destroy Your Health
CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title
Question:What clickbait techniques does this headline employ (select all that apply)?
Answer:Inducing fear (“Is Your Boyfriend Cheating on You?”)
Highlight:
Immediately Destroy Your Health
-
Six Pharmaceutical Drugs
CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title
Question:What clickbait techniques does this headline employ (select all that apply)?
Answer:Listicle (“6 Tips on …”)
Highlight:
Six Pharmaceutical Drugs
-
CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title
Question:Is the headline clickbaity?
Answer:Somewhat clickbaity
-
CredCo Indicator:Title Representativeness
Question:Question: Does the title of the article accurately reflect the content of the article?
Answer:Completely Representative
-
Question:Rate your impression of the credibility of this article
Answer:Medium credibility
-
-
www.publichealthabc.com www.publichealthabc.com
-
CredCo Indicator:Inference - Convincing Evidence
Question:How convincing do you find the evidence given for the primary claim?
Answer:Slightly Convincing
-
Nevertheless, unlike refined sugar, honey contains beneficial vitamins and minerals too.
Question:What kind of evidence do they give?
Answer:Nutritional facts (without sources) are presented to support the effectiveness of the drink.
Highlight:
Nevertheless, unlike refined sugar, honey contains beneficial vitamins and minerals too.
-
Apple cider vinegar promotes digestion, it likewise decreases the quantity of time that fats stay in the gastrointestinal system.
Question:What kind of evidence do they give?
Answer:Nutritional facts (without sources) are presented to support the effectiveness of the drink.
Highlight:
Apple cider vinegar promotes digestion, it likewise decreases the quantity of time that fats stay in the gastrointestinal system.
-
Nevertheless, unlike refined sugar, honey contains beneficial vitamins and minerals too.
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:Other kind of evidence
Highlight:
Nevertheless, unlike refined sugar, honey contains beneficial vitamins and minerals too.
-
Apple cider vinegar promotes digestion, it likewise decreases the quantity of time that fats stay in the gastrointestinal system.
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:Other kind of evidence
Highlight:
Apple cider vinegar promotes digestion, it likewise decreases the quantity of time that fats stay in the gastrointestinal system.
-
A research study has actually likewise found that consuming half a grapefruit before every meal can lead to greater weight loss in dieters.
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)
Highlight:
A research study has actually likewise found that consuming half a grapefruit before every meal can lead to greater weight loss in dieters.
-
CredCo Indicator:Inference - Type of Claims
Question:Is a general or singular causal claim made? Highlight the section(s) that supports your answer.
Answer:No Causal Claim
-
WITH ONLY 2 CUPS A DAY FOR 1 WEEK YOUR STOMACH WILL BE FLATTER!
CredCo Indicator:Tone - Exaggerated Claims
Question:Does the author exaggerate any claims? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Yes
Highlight:
WITH ONLY 2 CUPS A DAY FOR 1 WEEK YOUR STOMACH WILL BE FLATTER!
-
CredCo Indicator:Tone - Emotionally Charged
Question:Does the article have an emotionally charged tone? (i.e, outrage, snark, celebration, horror, etc.). If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
-
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Naturalistic
Question:Does the author suggest that something is good because it is natural, or bad because it is not natural (the naturalistic fallacy)?
Answer:No
-
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Appeal to Fear
Question:Does the author exaggerate the dangers of a situation and use scare tactics to persuade (the appeal to fear fallacy)?
Answer:No
-
WITH ONLY 2 CUPS A DAY FOR 1 WEEK YOUR STOMACH WILL BE FLATTER!
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Slippery Slope
Question:Does the author say that one small change will lead to a major change (use a slippery slope argument)? Highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Yes
Highlight:
WITH ONLY 2 CUPS A DAY FOR 1 WEEK YOUR STOMACH WILL BE FLATTER!
-
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - False Dilemma
Question:Does the author present a complicated choice as if it were binary (construct a false dilemma)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
-
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Straw Man
Question:Does the author present the counterargument as a weaker, more foolish version of the real counterargument (use a Straw Man Argument)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
-
Many individuals ask: Isn’t really honey a type of sugar? Doesn’t it contribute to weight gain? Won’t the calories in honey negate weight loss efforts?
CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Acknowledge Uncertainty
Question:Do they acknowledge uncertainty or the possibility that things might be otherwise? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
Many individuals ask: Isn’t really honey a type of sugar? Doesn’t it contribute to weight gain? Won’t the calories in honey negate weight loss efforts?
-
CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Extent Claims Justified
Question:To what extent does their confidence in their claims seem justified?
Answer:Not at all justified
-
A research study has actually likewise found that consuming half a grapefruit before every meal can lead to greater weight loss in dieters.
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies
Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:
Answer:Scientific Study 1
Highlight:
A research study has actually likewise found that consuming half a grapefruit before every meal can lead to greater weight loss in dieters.
-
Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.
Answer:Studies
-
CredCo Indicator:Single Study Article
Question:Is this article primarily about a single scientific study?
Answer:No
-
WITH ONLY 2 CUPS A DAY FOR 1 WEEK YOUR STOMACH WILL BE FLATTER!
CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title
Question:What clickbait techniques does this headline employ (select all that apply)?
Answer:Hidden secret or trick (“Fitness Companies Hate Him...”, “Experts are Dying to Know Their Secret”)
Highlight:
WITH ONLY 2 CUPS A DAY FOR 1 WEEK YOUR STOMACH WILL BE FLATTER!
-
CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title
Question:Is the headline clickbaity?
Answer:Very much clickbaity
-
CredCo Indicator:Title Representativeness
Question:Question: Does the title of the article accurately reflect the content of the article?
Answer:Somewhat Representative
-
Question:Rate your impression of the credibility of this article
Answer:Very low credibility
-
-
www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
-
CredCo Indicator:Inference - Convincing Evidence
Question:How convincing do you find the evidence given for the primary claim?
Answer:Slightly Convincing
-
This means much less deforestation and land degradation if so many plant crops weren’t run through the digestive tracts of cattle. If Americans traded their beef for beans, the researchers found, that would free up 42 percent of U.S. crop land.
Question:What kind of evidence do they give?
Answer:An overview of chain of events and cost/benefit analysis is used to support the idea that cutting out beef from our diet will allow us to almost meet greenhouse-gas emission goals.
Highlight:
This means much less deforestation and land degradation if so many plant crops weren’t run through the digestive tracts of cattle. If Americans traded their beef for beans, the researchers found, that would free up 42 percent of U.S. crop land.
-
To understand why the climate impact of beef alone is so large, note that the image at the top of this story is a sea of soybeans in a silo in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. The beans belong to a feed lot that holds 38,000 cattle, the growth and fattening of which means dispensing 900 metric tons of feed every day. Which is to say that these beans will be eaten by cows, and the cows will convert the beans to meat, and the humans will eat the meat. In the process, the cows will emit much greenhouse gas, and they will consume far more calories in beans than they will yield in meat, meaning far more clearcutting of forests to farm cattle feed than would be necessary if the beans above were simply eaten by people.
Question:What kind of evidence do they give?
Answer:An overview of chain of events and cost/benefit analysis is used to support the idea that cutting out beef from our diet will allow us to almost meet greenhouse-gas emission goals.
Highlight:
To understand why the climate impact of beef alone is so large, note that the image at the top of this story is a sea of soybeans in a silo in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. The beans belong to a feed lot that holds 38,000 cattle, the growth and fattening of which means dispensing 900 metric tons of feed every day. Which is to say that these beans will be eaten by cows, and the cows will convert the beans to meat, and the humans will eat the meat. In the process, the cows will emit much greenhouse gas, and they will consume far more calories in beans than they will yield in meat, meaning far more clearcutting of forests to farm cattle feed than would be necessary if the beans above were simply eaten by people.
-
This means much less deforestation and land degradation if so many plant crops weren’t run through the digestive tracts of cattle. If Americans traded their beef for beans, the researchers found, that would free up 42 percent of U.S. crop land.
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:Other kind of evidence
Highlight:
This means much less deforestation and land degradation if so many plant crops weren’t run through the digestive tracts of cattle. If Americans traded their beef for beans, the researchers found, that would free up 42 percent of U.S. crop land.
-
To understand why the climate impact of beef alone is so large, note that the image at the top of this story is a sea of soybeans in a silo in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. The beans belong to a feed lot that holds 38,000 cattle, the growth and fattening of which means dispensing 900 metric tons of feed every day. Which is to say that these beans will be eaten by cows, and the cows will convert the beans to meat, and the humans will eat the meat. In the process, the cows will emit much greenhouse gas, and they will consume far more calories in beans than they will yield in meat, meaning far more clearcutting of forests to farm cattle feed than would be necessary if the beans above were simply eaten by people.
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:Other kind of evidence
Highlight:
To understand why the climate impact of beef alone is so large, note that the image at the top of this story is a sea of soybeans in a silo in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. The beans belong to a feed lot that holds 38,000 cattle, the growth and fattening of which means dispensing 900 metric tons of feed every day. Which is to say that these beans will be eaten by cows, and the cows will convert the beans to meat, and the humans will eat the meat. In the process, the cows will emit much greenhouse gas, and they will consume far more calories in beans than they will yield in meat, meaning far more clearcutting of forests to farm cattle feed than would be necessary if the beans above were simply eaten by people.
-
Recently Harwatt and a team of scientists from Oregon State University, Bard College, and Loma Linda University calculated [Broken Hyperlink] just what would happen if every American made one dietary change: substituting beans for beef. They found that if everyone were willing and able to do that—hypothetically—the U.S. could still come close to meeting its 2020 greenhouse-gas emission goals
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:Experts are cited
Highlight:
Recently Harwatt and a team of scientists from Oregon State University, Bard College, and Loma Linda University calculated [Broken Hyperlink] just what would happen if every American made one dietary change: substituting beans for beef. They found that if everyone were willing and able to do that—hypothetically—the U.S. could still come close to meeting its 2020 greenhouse-gas emission goals
-
She and her colleagues conclude in the journal Climatic Change: “While not currently recognized as a climate policy option, the ‘beans for beef’ scenario offers significant climate change mitigation and other environmental benefits, illustrating the high potential of animal to plant food shifts.”
Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.
Answer:Experts are cited
Highlight:
She and her colleagues conclude in the journal Climatic Change: “While not currently recognized as a climate policy option, the ‘beans for beef’ scenario offers significant climate change mitigation and other environmental benefits, illustrating the high potential of animal to plant food shifts.”
-
cheese—this one dietary change could achieve somewhere between 46 and 74 percent of the reductions needed to meet the target.
CredCo Indicator:Inference - Type of Claims
Question:Is a general or singular causal claim made? Highlight the section(s) that supports your answer.
Answer:General Causal Claim
Highlight:
cheese—this one dietary change could achieve somewhere between 46 and 74 percent of the reductions needed to meet the target.
-
With one dietary change, the U.S. could almost meet greenhouse-gas emission goals.
CredCo Indicator:Tone - Exaggerated Claims
Question:Does the author exaggerate any claims? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
With one dietary change, the U.S. could almost meet greenhouse-gas emission goals.
-
CredCo Indicator:Tone - Emotionally Charged
Question:Does the article have an emotionally charged tone? (i.e, outrage, snark, celebration, horror, etc.). If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
-
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Naturalistic
Question:Does the author suggest that something is good because it is natural, or bad because it is not natural (the naturalistic fallacy)?
Answer:No
-
it as the dread and helplessness that come with “watching the slow and seemingly irrevocable impacts of climate change unfold, and worrying about the future for oneself, children, and later generations.”
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Appeal to Fear
Question:Does the author exaggerate the dangers of a situation and use scare tactics to persuade (the appeal to fear fallacy)?
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
it as the dread and helplessness that come with “watching the slow and seemingly irrevocable impacts of climate change unfold, and worrying about the future for oneself, children, and later generations.”
-
Named in 2011, the American Psychological Association recently described
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Appeal to Fear
Question:Does the author exaggerate the dangers of a situation and use scare tactics to persuade (the appeal to fear fallacy)?
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
Named in 2011, the American Psychological Association recently described
-
A relatively small, single-food substitution could be the most powerful change a person makes in terms of their lifetime environmental impact—more so than downsizing one’s car [HYPERLINK: paywall], or being vigilant about turning off light bulbs, and certainly more than quitting showering
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Slippery Slope
Question:Does the author say that one small change will lead to a major change (use a slippery slope argument)? Highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Yes
Highlight:
A relatively small, single-food substitution could be the most powerful change a person makes in terms of their lifetime environmental impact—more so than downsizing one’s car [HYPERLINK: paywall], or being vigilant about turning off light bulbs, and certainly more than quitting showering
-
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - False Dilemma
Question:Does the author present a complicated choice as if it were binary (construct a false dilemma)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
-
CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Straw Man
Question:Does the author present the counterargument as a weaker, more foolish version of the real counterargument (use a Straw Man Argument)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:No
-
that—hypothetically—the U.S. could still come close to meeting its 2020 greenhouse-gas emission goals
CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Acknowledge Uncertainty
Question:Do they acknowledge uncertainty or the possibility that things might be otherwise? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
that—hypothetically—the U.S. could still come close to meeting its 2020 greenhouse-gas emission goals
-
They found that if everyone were willing and able to do that—hypothetically—the
CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Acknowledge Uncertainty
Question:Do they acknowledge uncertainty or the possibility that things might be otherwise? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).
Answer:Sort of
Highlight:
They found that if everyone were willing and able to do that—hypothetically—the
-
CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Extent Claims Justified
Question:To what extent does their confidence in their claims seem justified?
Answer:Somewhat justified
-
American Psychological Association
Question:Are any experts, organizations, or studies cited that are separate from the central study quoted in the article? If so, highlight relevant section(s).
Answer:2
Highlight:
American Psychological Association
-
United Nations
Question:Are any experts, organizations, or studies cited that are separate from the central study quoted in the article? If so, highlight relevant section(s).
Answer:2
Highlight:
United Nations
-
United Nations
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Organizations
Question:Highlight each organization cited:
Answer:Cited Organization 2
Highlight:
United Nations
-
American Psychological Association
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Organizations
Question:Highlight each organization cited:
Answer:Cited Organization 1
Highlight:
American Psychological Association
-
Recently Harwatt and a team of scientists from Oregon State University, Bard College, and Loma Linda University calculated [Broken Hyperlink] just what would happen if every American made one dietary change: substituting beans for beef.
CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies
Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:
Answer:Scientific Study 1
Highlight:
Recently Harwatt and a team of scientists from Oregon State University, Bard College, and Loma Linda University calculated [Broken Hyperlink] just what would happen if every American made one dietary change: substituting beans for beef.
-
Helen Harwatt
CredCo Indicator:Quotes from Outside Experts
Question:Highlight each expert cited:
Answer:Expert 1
Highlight:
Helen Harwatt
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Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.
Answer:Organizations
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Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.
Answer:Studies
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Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.
Answer:Experts
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Recently Harwatt and a team of scientists from Oregon State University, Bard College, and Loma Linda University calculated [Broken Hyperlink] just what would happen if every American made one dietary change: substituting beans for beef.
CredCo Indicator:Single Study Article
Question:Is this article primarily about a single scientific study?
Answer:Yes
Highlight:
Recently Harwatt and a team of scientists from Oregon State University, Bard College, and Loma Linda University calculated [Broken Hyperlink] just what would happen if every American made one dietary change: substituting beans for beef.
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With one dietary change, the U.S. could almost meet greenhouse-gas emission goals.
CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title
Question:What clickbait techniques does this headline employ (select all that apply)?
Answer:Hidden secret or trick (“Fitness Companies Hate Him...”, “Experts are Dying to Know Their Secret”)
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With one dietary change, the U.S. could almost meet greenhouse-gas emission goals.
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CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title
Question:Is the headline clickbaity?
Answer:A little bit clickbaity
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CredCo Indicator:Title Representativeness
Question:Question: Does the title of the article accurately reflect the content of the article?
Answer:Completely Representative
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Question:Rate your impression of the credibility of this article
Answer:Medium credibility
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electrek.co electrek.co
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CredCo Indicator:Inference - Convincing Evidence
Question:How convincing do you find the evidence given for the primary claim?
Answer:Slightly Convincing
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On the other hand, Tesla has been adding jobs with now over 18,000 employees worldwide and the majority are in the US. At the Fremont factory alone, Tesla employs over 6,000 people and it plans to bring that number up to 9,000 to support its latest expansion plans.
Question:What kind of evidence do they give?
Answer:Facts that support the pursuit of renewable energy options are provided.
Highlight:
On the other hand, Tesla has been adding jobs with now over 18,000 employees worldwide and the majority are in the US. At the Fremont factory alone, Tesla employs over 6,000 people and it plans to bring that number up to 9,000 to support its latest expansion plans.
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When the US oil industry lost $67 billion in 2015, it also slashed close to 100,000 jobs during the same period. All the while, more Americans now work in the solar industry than the extraction of oil, gas, or coal.
Question:What kind of evidence do they give?
Answer:Facts that support the pursuit of renewable energy options are provided.
Highlight:
When the US oil industry lost $67 billion in 2015, it also slashed close to 100,000 jobs during the same period. All the while, more Americans now work in the solar industry than the extraction of oil, gas, or coal.
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