- Oct 2024
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munk.org munk.org
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Typewriter Ribbon varieties Offered by Underwood in 1956<br /> https://munk.org/typecast/2020/08/23/typewriter-ribbon-varieties-offered-by-underwood-in-1956/
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- Sep 2024
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www.gettyimages.com www.gettyimages.com
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Another fun photo of "linked" strings wrapped around a library card catalog representing the links between ideas within a paper database.
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archive.org archive.org
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Macey Filing Appliances 1906<br /> Catalogue No. 4206<br /> The Macey Co.<br /> https://archive.org/details/macey-filing-appliances-1906/mode/2up
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archive.org archive.org
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https://archive.org/details/catalog00fred/mode/2up
Fred Macey Company Catalog (1910)
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- Jul 2024
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munk.org munk.org
- Jun 2024
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munk.org munk.org
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- May 2024
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christmas.musetechnical.com christmas.musetechnical.com
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https://christmas.musetechnical.com/
Catalogs & Wishbooks from Sears, Montgomery Ward, and JC Penny
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- Apr 2024
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Local file Local file
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The dif-ference between a catalogue and an index is so great thatthey ought not to be confused; a catalogue mainly deals withbooks, an index mainly handles information.
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- Mar 2024
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Samuel Hartlib was well aware of this improvement. While extolling the clever invention of Harrison, Hartlib noted that combinations and links con-stituted the ‘argumentative part’ of the card index.60
Hartlib Papers 30/4/47A, Ephemerides 1640, Part 2.
In extolling the Ark of Studies created by Thomas Harrison, Samuel Hartlib indicated that the combinations of information and the potential links between them created the "argumentative part" of the system. In some sense this seems to be analogous to the the processing power of an information system if not specifically creating its consciousness.
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- Feb 2024
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www.levenger.com www.levenger.com
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https://www.levenger.com/products/card-catalog-box?variant=43007544066197
A bit on the small side, but has a built in pen holder:
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- Jan 2024
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www.mccoys-kecatalogs.com www.mccoys-kecatalogs.com
- Dec 2023
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When did Gaylord move from the smaller plates to the larger ones with two sections (small square and larger rectangle)?
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Not large enough for most index card collections, but you have to love this listing for this photo of a man snuggling up to his card index:
Original photo from their website:
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- Nov 2023
- Sep 2023
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babel.hathitrust.org babel.hathitrust.org
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https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015071458213&seq=1
Modern Filing Systems<br /> Wagemaker Furniture Company, Ltd. 1904 furniture catalog
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- Aug 2023
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alexandrianpl.org alexandrianpl.org
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https://alexandrianpl.org/comfort-cabinet/
A library has repurposed their library card catalogs as a comfort cabinet to provide their community with necessities like toothbrushes, combs, band aids, socks, etc.
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- Jun 2023
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https://www.ebay.com/itm/354851703411
2 drawer Library Bureau catalog listed for $199, but sold for a lower amount.
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- May 2023
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yet a certaintype of hipster will proudly own a piece of furniture originally designed for a library cardcatalog
Hipster here with respect to the card catalog as furniture without mention of the "hipster PDA".
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PAPER SLIPSThe Long Reign of theIndex Card and Card CatalogPeter Krapp
Krapp, Peter. “Paper Slips: The Long Reign of the Index Card and Card Catalog.” In The Routledge Companion to Media Technology and Obsolescence, edited by Mark J. P. Wolf. Routledge, 2019.
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https://www.etsy.com/listing/1283073189/founding-member-level-membership-museum
Museum of Tiny Things, a museum of miniatures and scenes built into a repurposed library card catalog.
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- Apr 2023
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Catalog cards were 2 by 5 inches (5 cm × 13 cm); the Harvard College size.
Early library card catalogs used cards that were 2 x 5" cards, the Harvard College size, before the standardization of 3 x 5" index cards.
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www.librarybureausteel.com www.librarybureausteel.com
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https://www.librarybureausteel.com/index.html
Library Bureau got spun off of Remington Rand and still sells library products in 2023, though primarily shelving units now. It doesn't list any card catalogs as part of its offerings.
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- Mar 2023
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hyperallergic.com hyperallergic.com
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The Lost Art of Library Card Catalogues<br /> by Claire Voon
Broadly a synopsis/advertisement for The Card Catalog: Books, Cards, and Literary Treasures (Chronicle, 2017), which I've put on my to read list.
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www.ebay.com www.ebay.com
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https://www.ebay.com/itm/155447667554
This Catalog has a page with the various sizes of card catalog boxes available from Cole Steel in 1950s. The external sizes can be useful for placing the individual card sizes for some of these boxes on the secondary market.
They also include approximate card capacities.
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www.universityproducts.com www.universityproducts.com
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https://www.universityproducts.com/catalogsearch/result/?q=card%20catalog
In 2023, University Products offered catalog cards for printing, but no longer offers physical card catalogs.
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www.ebay.com www.ebay.com
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1930s Wilson Memindex Co Index Card Organizer Pre Rolodex Ad Price List Brochure
archived page: https://web.archive.org/web/20230310010450/https://www.ebay.com/itm/165910049390
Includes price lists
List of cards includes: - Dated tab cards for a year from any desired. - Blank tab cards for jottings arranged by subject. - These were sold in 1/2 or 1/3 cut formats - Pocket Alphabets for jottings arranged by letter. - Cash Account Cards [without tabs]. - Extra Record Cards for permanent memoranda. - Monthly Guides for quick reference to future dates. - Blank Guides for filing records by subject.. - Alphabet Guides for filing alphabetically.
Memindex sales brochures recommended the 3 x 5" cards (which had apparently been standardized by 1930 compared to the 5 1/2" width from earlier versions around 1906) because they could be used with other 3 x 5" index card systems.
In the 1930s Wilson Memindex Company sold more of their vest pocket sized 2 1/4 x 4 1/2" systems than 3 x 5" systems.
Some of the difference between the vest sized and regular sized systems choice was based on the size of the particular user's handwriting. It was recommended that those with larger handwriting use the larger cards.
By the 1930's at least the Memindex tag line "An Automatic Memory" was being used, which also gave an indication of the ubiquity of automatization of industrialized life.
The Memindex has proved its success in more than one hundred kinds of business. Highly recommended by men in executive positions, merchants, manufacturers, managers, .... etc.
Notice the gendering of users specifically as men here.
Features: - Sunday cards were sold separately and by my reading were full length tabs rather than 1/6 tabs like the other six days of the week - Lids were custom fit to the bases and needed to be ordered together - The Memindex Jr. held 400 cards versus the larger 9 inch standard trays which had space for 800 cards and block (presumably a block to hold them up or at an angle when partially empty).
The Memindex Jr., according to a price sheet in the 1930s, was used "extensively as an advertising gift".
The Memindex system had cards available in bundles of 100 that were labeled with the heading "Things to Keep in Sight".
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- Feb 2023
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www.kunsthalle-bielefeld.de www.kunsthalle-bielefeld.de
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Zur Ausstellung ist ein Katalog im snoeck Verlag erschienen (29,80 Euro).
There's a catalog for this exhibition available:
Meschede, Friedrich, ed. Serendipity. Vom Glück des Findens. Snoeck Verlagsges, 2015. https://www.buecher.de/shop/buecher/serendipity-vom-glueck-des-findens/broschiertes-buch/products_products/detail/prod_id/43762021/.
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- Jan 2023
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www.istockphoto.com www.istockphoto.com
- Nov 2022
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delong.typepad.com delong.typepad.com
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You should also be able to placethe book even more accurately than before in your mental cardcatalogue, for further reference if the occasion should everarise.
use of "mental card catalogue" as memory
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library.harvard.edu library.harvard.edu
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https://library.harvard.edu/collections/reading-harvard-views-readers-readership-and-reading-history
Reading: Harvard Views of Readers, Readership, and Reading History<br /> Exploring the intellectual, cultural, and political history of reading as reflected in the historical holdings of the Harvard's libraries.
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americanhistory.si.edu americanhistory.si.edu
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Trade catalogs from Yawman and Erbe Mfg. Co.
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- Sep 2022
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Many know from their own experience how uncontrollable and irretrievable the oftenvaluable notes and chains of thought are in note books and in the cabinets they are stored in
Heyde indicates how "valuable notes and chains of thought are" but also points out "how uncontrollable and irretrievable" they are.
This statement is strong evidence along with others in this chapter which may have inspired Niklas Luhmann to invent his iteration of the zettelkasten method of excerpting and making notes.
(link to: Clemens /Heyde and Luhmann timeline: https://hypothes.is/a/4wxHdDqeEe2OKGMHXDKezA)
Presumably he may have either heard or seen others talking about or using these general methods either during his undergraduate or law school experiences. Even with some scant experience, this line may have struck him significantly as an organization barrier of earlier methods.
Why have notes strewn about in a box or notebook as Heyde says? Why spend the time indexing everything and then needing to search for it later? Why not take the time to actively place new ideas into one's box as close as possibly to ideas they directly relate to?
But how do we manage this in a findable way? Since we can't index ideas based on tabs in a notebook or even notebook page numbers, we need to have some sort of handle on where ideas are in slips within our box. The development of European card catalog systems had started in the late 1700s, and further refinements of Melvil Dewey as well as standardization had come about by the early to mid 1900s. One could have used the Dewey Decimal System to index their notes using smaller decimals to infinitely intersperse cards on a growing basis.
But Niklas Luhmann had gone to law school and spent time in civil administration. He would have been aware of aktenzeichen file numbers used in German law/court settings and public administration. He seems to have used a simplified version of this sort of filing system as the base of his numbering system. And why not? He would have likely been intimately familiar with its use and application, so why not adopt it or a simplified version of it for his use? Because it's extensible in a a branching tree fashion, one can add an infinite number of cards or files into the midst of a preexisting collection. And isn't this just the function aktenzeichen file numbers served within the German court system? Incidentally these file numbers began use around 1932, but were likely heavily influenced by the Austrian conscription numbers and house numbers of the late 1770s which also influenced library card cataloging numbers, so the whole system comes right back around. (Ref Krajewski here).
(Cross reference/ see: https://hypothes.is/a/CqGhGvchEey6heekrEJ9WA
Other pieces he may have been attempting to get around include the excessive work of additional copying involved in this piece as well as a lot of the additional work of indexing.
One will note that Luhmann's index was much more sparse than without his methods. Often in books, a reader will find a reference or two in an index and then go right to the spot they need and read around it. Luhmann did exactly this in his sequence of cards. An index entry or two would send him to the general local and sifting through a handful of cards would place him in the correct vicinity. This results in a slight increase in time for some searches, but it pays off in massive savings of time of not needing to cross index everything onto cards as one goes, and it also dramatically increases the probability that one will serendipitously review over related cards and potentially generate new insights and links for new ideas going into one's slip box.
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data.doremus.org data.doremus.org
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Here it is probably necessary to explain that lots of things were once typed — on machines called typewriters — during a period of human history after stone tablets and before laptops and cellphones. It is probably also necessary to explain that reference to a card catalog in the first paragraph. A card catalog was an inventory of what was in a library before all the holdings were listed, and maybe available, online.
A bit tongue-in-cheek, the New York Times describes for the technically inadept what a typewriter and a card catalog are.
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Bibliographical Index Card File
Note that here in the index, Eco differentiates the index card file with the descriptor "bibliographical" as there is another card file that will play a part.
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gigadb.org gigadb.orgGigaDB1
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- Aug 2022
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Local file Local file
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Fickert, Kevin-Steven. “Die Geschichte des Zettelkatalogs : eine historisch-kritische Betrachtung eines Verzeichnismediums und seiner Regelwerke.” Fachhochschule Stuttgart Hochschule der Medien, 2003. https://hdms.bsz-bw.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/141
via Ton Zijlstra
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www.heise.de www.heise.de
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war der Schweizer Humanist Conrad Gesner. Gesners Bibliotheca Universalis, die zwischen 1545 und 1548 in zwei Foliobänden mit jeweils über 1000 Seiten erschien, sollte alle Bücher verzeichnen, die seit Gutenberg erschienen waren.
Swiss humanist Conrad Gesner. Gesner's Bibliotheca Universalis, which appeared between 1545 and 1548 in two folio volumes with over 1000 pages each, was supposed to list all the books that had appeared since Gutenberg.
In Bibliotheca Universalis, Conrad Gesner collected a list that was supposed to list all the books which had appeared since Gutenberg's moveable type.
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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Local libraries must be full of index card cabinets. Everything going digital, they might be willing to give them away or sell.
They're not as easy to come by as you might think, though they pop up from time to time. Given shipping costs, you're definitely better off finding something locally if you can.
OCLC started digital shared cataloging in 1971. The peak for pre-printed library catalog cards was in 1985, and they quit printing cards in bulk in 2015 after shipping more than 1.9 billion cards during that time.<sup>[1]</sup>
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collation.folger.edu collation.folger.edu
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Local file Local file
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"OCLC Prints Last Library Catalog Cards.” OCLC, October 1, 2015. 44280170. OCLC News Releases 2015 - US. https://cdm15003.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15003coll6/id/386.
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OCLC began automated catalog card production in 1971, when the shared cataloging system first went online. Cardproduction increased to its peak in 1985, when OCLC printed 131 million. At peak production, OCLC routinelyshipped 8 tons of cards each week, or some 4,000 packages. Card production steadily decreased since then asmore and more libraries began replacing their printed cards with electronic catalogs. OCLC has printed more than1.9 billion catalog cards since 1971.
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OCLC built the world's first online shared cataloging system in 1971
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DUBLIN, Ohio, October 1, 2015 —OCLC printed its last library catalog cards today, officially closing the book onwhat was once a familiar resource for generations of information seekers who now use computer catalogs andonline search engines to access library collections around the world.
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www.popularmechanics.com www.popularmechanics.com
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in 1971, the Ohio College Library Center began printing the text onto the index cards for them.
Librarians either handwrote or typed up their own library card catalog cards until the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC) began printing cards for libraries as a service.
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multimediaman.blog multimediaman.blog
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One year ago this month, the final order of library catalog cards was printed by the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) in Dublin, Ohio. On October 2, 2015, The Columbus Dispatch wrote, “Shortly before 3 p.m. Thursday, an era ended. About a dozen people gathered in a basement workroom to watch as a machine printed the final sheets of library catalog cards to be made …”
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www.ebay.com www.ebay.com
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https://www.ebay.com/itm/115477031627?hash=item1ae2f7aacb:g:yUIAAOSwQp1ix3zT
Another example of someone using a library card catalog as wine storage
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Drawers hold a standard size bottle of wine.
Someone was apparently using an old library card catalog to store wine bottles!
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- Jun 2022
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theamericanscholar.org theamericanscholar.org
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My own copy of A Catalogue of Crime certainly fits that description, even though I generally disagree with many of its harsh judgments on modern crime fiction. Barzun and Taylor definitely prefer classic whodunits, especially those written with wit, panache, and, above all, cleverness. The Catalogue lists more than 5,000 novel-length mysteries, collections of detective stories, true-crime books, and assorted volumes celebrating the delights of detection. Every entry is annotated, and a succinct critical judgment given.
While this excerpt doesn't indicate the index card origin of the published book, it does indicate that it has descriptions of more than 5,000 novel-length mysteries, detective stories, etc. which includes annotations and critical judgements of each.
One can thus draw the conclusion that this shared index card collection of details was used to publish a subsequent book.
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- May 2022
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specs.opds.io specs.opds.io
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resources.data.gov resources.data.gov
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resources.data.gov resources.data.gov
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www.slideshare.net www.slideshare.net
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www.slideshare.net www.slideshare.net
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www.slideshare.net www.slideshare.net
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semiceu.github.io semiceu.github.io
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Abstract GeoDCAT-AP is an extension of the DCAT application profile for data portals in Europe (DCAT-AP) for describing geospatial datasets, dataset series, and services. Its basic use case is to make spatial datasets, dataset series, and services searchable on general data portals, thereby making geospatial information better findable across borders and sectors. For this purpose, GeoDCAT-AP provides an RDF vocabulary and the corresponding RDF syntax binding for the union of metadata elements of the core profile of ISO 19115:2003 and those defined in the framework of the INSPIRE Directive of the European Union.
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inspire.ec.europa.eu inspire.ec.europa.eu
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www.bnf.fr www.bnf.fr
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doc.data.gouv.fr doc.data.gouv.frDCAT1
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bibliotheques.paris.fr bibliotheques.paris.fr
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obvil.sorbonne-universite.fr obvil.sorbonne-universite.fr
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anansi-project.github.io anansi-project.github.io
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vaemendis.net vaemendis.net
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The OPDS Page Streaming Extension (OPDS-PSE) is an unofficial extension of the Open Distribution Publication System. Its goal is to enrich the OPDS feed with information allowing the client to request a specific page of a document without having to download it completely. This extension was designed primarily for comic books, to allow reading them on connected devices without having to wait for the book to be completely downloaded.
Example :
- Namespace declaration in the feed element (in our example, we use the prefix
« pse »
):
xml <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:pse="http://vaemendis.net/opds-pse/ns" xmlns:opds="http://opds-spec.org/2010/catalog" xml:lang="en" xmlns:opensearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/" >
- Additional link in an entry to allow page by page access to the document :
xml <link rel="http://vaemendis.net/opds-pse/stream" type="image/jpeg" href="/opds-comics/stream/1217?page={pageNumber}&width={maxWidth}" pse:count="35" />
- Namespace declaration in the feed element (in our example, we use the prefix
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sudonull.com sudonull.com
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ec-jrc.github.io ec-jrc.github.io
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Currently, DataCite is the de facto standard for data citation. Therefore, the ability to transform metadata records from and to the DataCite metadata schema would enable, respectively, the harvesting of DataCite records, and the publication of metadata records in the DataCite infrastructure (thus enabling their citation).
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www.slideshare.net www.slideshare.net
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gallica.bnf.fr gallica.bnf.fr
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www.openedition.org www.openedition.org
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```html <link rel="alternate" type="application/opml+xml" title="Outline" href="https://www.openedition.org/?page=opml" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml;profile=opds-catalog" title="OpenEdition OPDS Catalogue" href="http://opds.openedition.org" /> ```
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www.liseuses.net www.liseuses.net
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- Feedbooks : http://fr.feedbooks.com/catalog
- Atramenta : https://www.atramenta.net/opds/
- Gallica : https://gallica.bnf.fr/opds
- Ebooks Gratuits : https://www.ebooksgratuits.com/opds/
- Archive.org : http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog
- Projet Gutenberg : http://m.gutenberg.org/ebooks/?format=opds
- Framabookin : https://framabookin.org/
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drafts.opds.io drafts.opds.io
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www.slideshare.net www.slideshare.net
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www.slideshare.net www.slideshare.net
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fr.slideshare.net fr.slideshare.net
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www.w3.org www.w3.org
- Apr 2022
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www.toutfait.com www.toutfait.com
- Feb 2022
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Chapter 3: The First Card Index?
Markus Krajewski outlines some of the history of the creation of the first library card catalog and structures it in such a way as to create parallels between its structure and that of the structure of a modern day computer.
He covers the creation of catalogs at the court of Vienna, the Vienna University Library, an an attempted but failed national cataloging effort in France called the Bureau de Bibliographie at the Louvre. By 1974 the French effort had at least 1.2 million cards for 3 million volumes.
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In preparing these instructions, Gaspard-Michel LeBlond, one of their authors, urges the use of uniform media for registering titles, suggesting that “ catalog materials are not diffi cult to assemble; it is suffi cient to use playing cards [. . .] Whether one writes lengthwise or across the backs of cards, one should pick one way and stick with it to preserve uniformity. ” 110 Presumably LeBlond was familiar with the work of Abb é Rozier fi fteen years earlier; it is unknown whether precisely cut cards had been used before Rozier. The activity of cutting up pages is often mentioned in prior descrip-tions.
In published instructions issued on May 8, 1791 in France, Gaspard-Michel LeBlond by way of standardization for library catalogs suggests using playing cards either vertically or horizontally but admonishing catalogers to pick one orientation and stick with it. He was likely familiar with the use of playing cards for this purpose by Abbé Rozier fifteen years earlier.
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4. What follows is the compilation of the basic catalog; that is, all book titles are copied on a piece of paper (whose pagina aversa must remain blank) according to a specifi c order, so that together with the title of every book and the name of the author, the place, year, and format of the printing, the volume, and the place of the same in the library is marked.
Benedictine abbot Franz Stephan Rautenstrauch (1734 – 1785) in creating the Catalogo Topographico for the Vienna University Library created a nine point instruction set for cataloging, describing, and ordering books which included using paper slips.
Interesting to note that the admonishment to leave the backs of the slips (pagina aversa), in the 1780's seems to make its way into 20th century practice by Luhmann and others.
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Indeed, the Jose-phinian card index owes its continued use to the failure to achieve a bound
catalog, until a successor card catalog comes along in 1848. Only the<br /> absence of a bound repertory allows the paper slip aggregate to answer all inquiries about a book ’ s whereabouts after 1781. Thus, a failed undertaking tacitly turns into a success story.
The Josephinian card index was created, in part on the ideas of Konrad Gessner's slip method, by accumulating slips which could be rearranged and then copied down permanently. While there was the chance that the original cards could be disordered, the fact that the approximately 300,000 cards in 205 small boxes were estimated to fill 50 to 60 folio volumes with time and expense to print it dissuaded the creation of a long desired compiled book of books. These problems along with the fact that new books being added later was sure to only compound problems of having a single reference. This failure to have a bound catalog of books unwittingly resulted in the success of the index card catalog.
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The undertaking that begins on May 22, 1780, later to be called the Jose-phinian catalog , is extant in “ 205 small boxes ” in an airtight locker in the
Austrian National Library; it is widely, and often proudly, considered the first card catalog in library history.
The first card catalogue in library history, later known as the Josephinian catalog, began on May 22, 1780 in the Austrian National Library.
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Rozier chances upon the labor-saving idea of producing catalogs according to Gessner ’ s procedures — that is, transferring titles onto one side of a piece of paper before copying them into tabular form. Yet he optimizes this process by dint of a small refi nement, with regard to the paper itself: instead of copying data onto specially cut octavo sheets, he uses uniformly and precisely cut paper whose ordinary purpose obeys the contingent pleasure of being shuffl ed, ordered, and exchanged: “ cartes à jouer. ” 35 In sticking strictly to the playing card sizes available in prerevolutionary France (either 83 × 43 mm or 70 × 43 mm), Rozier cast his bibliographical specifi cations into a standardized and therefore easily handled format.
Abbé François Rozier cleverly transferred book titles onto the blank side of French playing cards instead of cut octavo sheets as a means of indexing after being appointed in 1775 to index the holdings of the Académie des Sciences in Paris.
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- Abbé François Rozier
- success as a result of failure
- algorithms
- Vienna University Library
- Josephinian catalog
- innovation
- playing cards
- standards
- libraries
- Austrian National Library
- Gaspard-Michel LeBlond
- France
- history
- card catalogs
- unplanned success
- index cards
- book of books
- Konrad Gessner
- intellectual history
- Franz Stephan Rautenstrauch
- Catolog Topographico
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- Jan 2022
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the card index functions as an en-gine of variety rather than as an engine of redundancy.
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Christoph Meinel, ‘Enzyklopädie der Welt und Verzettelung des Wissens: Aporien der Empirie bei Joachim Jungius’, in Enzyklopädien der frühen Neuzeit. Beiträge zu ihrer Er-forschung, ed. Franz M. Eybl (Tübingen, 1995), 162–87; Richard Yeo, ‘Loose Notes and Ca-pacious Memory: Robert Boyle’s Note-Taking and its Rationale’, Intellectual History Review 20 (2010), 335–54; Alberto Cevolini, ‘The Art of trascegliere e notare in Early Modern Ital-ian Culture’, Intellectual History Review 29 (2019), forthcoming.
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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The essay is most famous for its description of a hypothetical information-retrieval system, the Memex, a kind of mechanical Evernote, in which a person's every "book, record, or communication" was microfilmed and cataloged.
It really kills me that there's so much hero worship of all this, particularly given the information processing power of index card systems at the time. I don't really think it took such a leap to image automating such a system given the technological bent of the time.
Of course actually doing it is another thing, but conceptualizing the idea at the time would have be de rigueur.
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- Dec 2021
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Through an inner structure of recursive links and semantic pointers, a card index achieves a proper autonomy; it behaves as a ‘communication partner’ who can recommend unexpected associations among different ideas. I suggest that in this respect pre-adaptive advances took root in early modern Europe, and that this basic requisite for information pro-cessing machines was formulated largely by the keyword ‘order’.
aliases for "topical headings": headwords keywords tags categories
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From 1676 onward, he follows an excerpting practice that directly refers to Jungius (via one of his students). Regarding Leibniz ’ s Excerpt Cabinet He wrote on slips of paper whatever occurred to him — in part when perusing books, in part during meditation or travel or out on walks — yet he did not let the paper slips (particularly the excerpts) cover each other in a mess; it was his habit to sort through them every now and then.
According to one of his students, Leibniz used his note cabinet both for excerpts that he took from his reading as well as notes an ideas he came up separately from his reading.
Most of the commonplace book tradition consisted of excerpting, but when did note taking practice begin to aggregate de novo notes with commonplaces?
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Leibniz ’ s propos-als for an indispensable library guide that mark the beginning of his activity in Wolfenb ü ttel in December 1690 include ideas on the form of cataloging: “ paper slips of all books, sorted pro materia et autoribus. ” 57 The plan antici-pates registering every book merely once, precisely on a slip of paper, so that the slip only has to be placed in the right order for any catalog organized alphabetically, by subject, or in any other way. Theoretically, this procedure could have successfully made numerous catalogs with the same data set. However, the plan is never carried out. In fact, the librarians supervised by Leibniz manage merely to assemble an alphabetical catalog; all the other plans fail for lack of employees and funding
Leibnitz created a plan for creating a library card catalog for Wolfenbüttel in December 1690, which would have been similar in form to 20th century card catalogs, but the idea was never carried out for lack of employees and funding.
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Hugo Blotius, whose term in offi ce in the dusty halls of the Vienna court library lasted from 1575 to 1608.
Hugo Blotius was a librarian at the Vienna court library from 1575 to 1608.
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The processing of excerpts follows the simplest algorithm: 1. When reading, everything of importance and whatever appears useful should be copied onto a good sheet of paper. 2. A new line should be used for every idea. 3. “ Finally, cut out everything you have copied with a pair of scissors; arrange the slips as you desire, fi rst into larger clusters which can then be subdivided again as often as necessary. ” 21 4. As soon as the desired order is produced, arranged, and sorted on tables or in small boxes, it should be fi xed or copied directly. 22
This algorithm described in Gessner, 1548 fol. 19-20 is precisely that of a zettelkasten, though effectuated with slips of paper either glued or held by thread rails into a book.
The last point number 4, even takes it so far as to arrange the individual notes into a logical order and copy them into something fixed, which one could readily view as an article.
Gessner, Konrad. 1548. Pandectarum sive Partitionum Universalium. Zurich: Christoph Froschauer.
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The second volume of the Bibliotheca Universalis , published in 1548 under the title Pandectarum sive Partitionum Universalium , contains a list of keywords, ordered not by authors ’ names, but thematically. This intro-duces a classifi cation of knowledge on the one hand, and on the other hand offers orientation for the novice about patterns and keywords (so-called loci communes ) that help organize knowledge to be acquired.
Konrad Gessner's second edition of Bibliotheca Universalis in 1548 contains a list of keywords (loci communes) thus placing it into the tradition of the commonplace book, but as it is published for use by others, it accelerates the ability for others to find and learn about information in which they may have an interest.
Was there a tradition of published or manuscript commonplace books prior to this?
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list-sorted management on an index card basis is coupled with the organizational discourse of scientifi c management, which discovers the card index as an economic optimization tool and develops it into an instrument of rationalization.
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the United States has its own home-grown technique. In 1817, William Croswell ’ s
unfortunate project of devising a comprehensive catalog for the Harvard College Library marks the birth of the American card index—out of a spirit of sloth.
William Croswell's work at creating a comprehensive catalog for the Harvard College Library results in the first card index in America.
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the box of paper slips reaches the East Coast of the United States through librarians who study in Europe and then apply the practice to the cataloging of their growing collections in the course of the nineteenth century.
In the 19th century, the box of paper slips (zettelkasten) as a technology reaches the east coast of the United states by way of librarians who study in Europe and then apply the practice of cataloguing their own collections.
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the fi rst card catalog in library history in Vienna around 1780.
The first card catalogue dates to Vienna around 1780.
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Here, I also briefl y digress and examine two coinciding addressing logics: In the same decade and in the same town, the origin of the card index cooccurs with the invention of the house number. This establishes the possibility of abstract representation of (and controlled access to) both texts and inhabitants.
Curiously, and possibly coincidently, the idea of the index card and the invention of the house number co-occur in the same decade and the same town. This creates the potential of abstracting the representation of information and people into numbers for easier access and linking.
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This comparison is not to claim that the index catalog is already a Turing machine. Comparisons, transfers, and analogies are not that simple. If the elements of a universal discrete machine are present, they still lack the computational logic of an operating system, the development of which constitutes Turing ’ s foundational achievement. What is described here is merely the fact that the card catalog is liter-ally a paper machine, similar to a nontrivial Turing machine only in having similar components — no more, no less.
I felt some of this missing piece and so included the idea of human interaction as part of the process to make up the balance.
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What differs here from other data storage (as in the medium of the codex book) is a simple and obvious principle: information is available on separate, uniform, and mobile carriers and can be further arranged and processed according to strict systems of order.
The primary value of the card catalogue and index cards as tools for thought is that it is a self-contained, uniform and mobile carrier that can be arranged and processed based on strict systems of order. Books have many of these properties, but the information isn't as atomic or as easily re-ordered.
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s Alan Turing proved only years later, these machines merely need (1) a (theoretically infi nite) partitioned paper tape, (2) a writing and reading head, and (3) an exact
procedure for the writing and reading head to move over the paper segments. This book seeks to map the three basic logical components of every computer onto the card catalog as a “ paper machine,” analyzing its data processing and interfaces that may justify the claim, “Card catalogs can do anything!”
Purpose of the book.
A card catalog of index cards used by a human meets all the basic criteria of a Turing machine, or abstract computer, as defined by Alan Turing.
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“ Card catalogs can do anything ” — this is the slogan Fortschritt GmbH
What a great quote to start off a book like this!
Tags
- catalogs
- publishing
- tools for thought
- note taking
- Hugo Blotius
- commonplace books
- libraries
- technology transfer
- Conrad Gesner
- Turing machine
- commonplace cabinets
- William Croswell
- librarians
- storage media
- Alan Turing
- history
- street numbers
- card catalogs
- quotes
- Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
- working in public
- index cards
- identity
- paper machines
- marketing
- information management
- zettelkasten
Annotators
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- Nov 2021
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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on advocate for the index card in the early twentieth century called for animitation of “accountants of the modern schoolY”1
Paul Chavigny, Organisation du travail intellectuel: Recettes pratiques a` l’usage des e ́tudiants de toutes les faculte ́s et de tous les travailleurs (Paris, 1920)
Chavigny was an advocate for the index card in note taking in imitation of "accountants of the modern school". We know that the rise of the index card was hastened by the innovation of Melvil Dewey's company using index cards as part of their internal accounting system, which they actively exported to other companies as a product.
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- Sep 2021
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fs.blog fs.blog
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There are endless ways of organizing your notes—by book, by author, by topic, by the time of reading. It doesn’t matter which system you use as long as you will be able to find the notes in the future.
Or by all of the above... Library card catalogues did all three, but most digital systems will effectuate all of them as well.
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- Aug 2021
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www.khanacademy.org www.khanacademy.org
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Up to 1200 the contents list of a monastic library was usually merely an inventory: it marked the presence of a book, but not its location. The later Middle Ages saw a surge of real catalogues, listing books and their location. Some of these catalogues were written out in books (as we will see in a moment), while others were pasted to the wall in the library.
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Figure 10. ‘Pharmacopoea”, frontispiece in Carolus Linnaeus, Materia Medica(1749). Wellcome Library,London.
Note the similarity of this filing cabinet system to the similar ideas of library card catalogs.
Where does this fit into the timeline with respect to the publication date of 1749 on Pharmacopoea and Linnaeus' use of it?
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ryanholiday.net ryanholiday.net
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It’s not totally dissimilar to the Dewey Decimal system and old library card catalogs.
Ryan Holiday notes the similarity of his method to that of the Dewey Decimal system and library card catalogs.
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- Jul 2021
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www.heise.de www.heise.de
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Der Josephinische Katalog enthielt am Ende inklusive eines ausgefeilten Verweissystems ca. 300.000 Zettel. Dass er aber als erster Zettelkatalog Bibliotheksgeschichte schrieb, lag eher an einem Fehler im Programm. Eigentlich hätten nämlich nach van Swietens Vorstellungen am Ende des Vorgangs alle bibliographischen Angaben von den Zetteln in einen Bandkatalog übertragen werden sollen. Der Grund für diesen Programmierfehler bestand in ökonomischem Kalkül: Der geplante Katalog hätte gut und gerne 50 bis 60 Folio-Bände umfasst und wäre doch kurz nach Fertigstellung schon wieder veraltet gewesen. Darum wurden die Wiener Zettelkästen zur ersten relationalen Suchmaschine mit Erweiterungsfunktion.
At the end of the Josephine catalog, including a sophisticated system of references, it contained around 300,000 pieces of paper. The fact that he was the first card catalog to write library history was more due to a bug in the program. Actually, according to [Gottfried Freiherr] van Swieten's ideas, at the end of the process all bibliographical information should have been transferred from the slips of paper to a volume catalog. The reason for this programming error was an economic calculation: the planned catalog would have easily comprised 50 to 60 folio volumes and would have been out of date shortly after completion. That is why the Vienna Zettelkästen became the first relational search engine with an expansion function.
Description of the invention of the first library card catalog?
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- May 2021
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jhiblog.org jhiblog.org
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Media theorist Markus Krajewski has devoted a book specifically to the paper machinery of cards and catalogs. He traces the origins of this machinery back to sixteenth-century attempts at indexing books, and through the twists and turns of library technology in Europe and the U.S. over the following centuries.
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- May 2015
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www.mna.inah.gob.mx www.mna.inah.gob.mx
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esta ficha, pero cualquier otra parte de la página mantiene una línea de baja interacción por parte del usuario: por ejemplo, al no poder subrayar alguna de las partes del texto, la funcionalidad de hypotesys queda reducida a referirse a algún concepto en particular. Claro, ha de pensarse que el cut and paste tiene contrapeso en propiedad intelectual solo qe también merma el potencial de hipervínculos para el aprovechamiento de la información de manera académica. Unas de cal .... En este caso quedan a debate las palabras referidas a "De esta manera los indígenas protegieron a la deidad de su destrucción"
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