The value of this resource is it's ability to take a very serious topic, copyright, and make it humorous enough to keep the watcher interested. It would also make an interesting video for discussion since most of the images should be recognizable to most students.

In the document "2.3 The Public Domain", I'd suggest to add a brief paragraph about the fact that, due to the Berne Convention, new works enter the public domain every year on the same date: January 1st. That date is called "Public Domain Day" and is celebrated around the world.

The "Public Domain Day" Wikipedia article (CC BY-SA) is very helpful: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Domain_Day

Also the website "Public Domain Day International - Global celebrations of the liberation of works", by Sebastiaan ter Burg, informs about PD Day celebrations around the world: https://www.pdday.org/

alors que les environnements numériques sont eux-même extrêmement privatisés, et en raison de la complexité de la question juridique dans un contexte de frontières éclatées, quels sont ces pouvoirs publics et sont-ils vraiment réels?

I'm amused as to how many possible reasons governments come up with to not disclose data.

I do not understand how likely people are to move between areas, do people have more than 1 housing options?

There is an obvious conflict of interest in a government hiding information that is bound to invite questions or make their performance look poor in contrast to other countries etc.

This is the most likely place that governments and the richer ruling elites are likely to fail their societies. Even the United States is like to do this and one need look no further than their response to the hurricane aftermath in Puerto Rico to see this.

One of the core organizations leading the charge on COVID-19 mitigation.

While my annotations tilt predominantly to the private layer, I'm branching out!

Sebastian

Dans ces exemples par contre le deuil n'est pas public mais privé. L'auteur parle de l'individuel non public, du seul moment ou le deuil devient personnel. Cela tranche avec l'idée de "deuil public" du paragraphe précédent mais sans transition de la part de l'auteur.

The diagram to the left is one I will be referencing often in 582.

hahaha! so true

Is this tunnel a public good? Is it excludable? Is it rival?

I think that the preservation of these documents could be seen as providing pure public good. We value that these have been preserved for posterity even if we don't visit the Magna Carta ourselves. What do you think?

This could be about really any town in the US. Except for some college towns and big cities, most Americans live in mostly remote places -- in an actual sense or in an intellectual sense. Let's read this warm-up article together. Please leave your actual name in the responses unless your ID is the school ID (for me, that would be Baekk).

This component of the Bill may help other disciplines other than our own to take this seriously.

Transformation de la pièce selon la composante du public; l’environnement géographique, le contexte urbanistique.

The rates here are so low as to be nearly negligible on their face. Why bother reporting it?

Scope of PIPA

Chatbots that exist

IP Australia using chatbox named Alex to reduce calls received

Design for maximum sun, breeze protection, winter protection

using the public realm to facilitate pedestrian and cyclist connections wherever possible.

Quote from DHS Secretary

Objectives, Outline and Introduction for chapter on listening in the textbook

Main learning objectives of Listening Effectively in Principles of Public Speaking

The main source images for this collage:

Borrow, George Henry, and E. J. Sullivan. "I did not like reviewing at all--it was not to my taste." Lavengro, Macmillan and Co., London, 1896, p. 296. British Library Flickr, HMNTS 012621.h.20. Accessed 1 February 2018.

Dodge, Mary Elizabeth. "A Terrible Tiger." When Life is Young: a Collection of Verse for Boys and Girls, Century Co., 1894, New York, p. 201. British Library Flickr. Accessed 1 February 2018.

Abstract is a sales pitch and a guide; the authors summarize their entire paper into less than 100~200 words to draw you in and guide you throughout the rest of the paper.

This is a literature review on the relationship between the public opinion and foreign policy. The American public is, largely, regarded as uninterested and unaware of foreign policy. However, here the authors survey the literature and conclude that the public is able to hold a nuanced and coherent view on foreign policy and is able to make a voting decision based on this view.

What about public forums like G2, Capterra, or Stackshare, how can these be leveraged to share government software insights? Could be framed as open ongoing RFI processes. We should be sharing with each other openly on these platforms. Hope it would at-least improved the level of interfaces / skin vendors put on the same "management" software.

I suspect that racial inequalities like Redlining, school support, and public housing issues (including evictions and predatory lending) will overlay these unmobile areas. cf Scarlet E series from On the Media.

The basic economics of this system would indicate (especially as classes become larger and larger) that more careful consideration of choice, economics, accessibility, availability, etc. on a larger institutional level creates larger marginal gains for those in the class. If a staff librarian, teacher, or someone else within the system does the leg-work up front and does it well, then the dozens or even hundreds of students in the course don't need to spend (read: waste) their own time re-inventing the proverbial textbook wheel once they're in the class.

Portions of the situation here make me wonder if we might pull a page from Dr. Peter Pronovost's playbook in the health care space and create a simple checklist of what to do when planning for textbooks and readings. Checklists that include things like:

• will the texts actually be used?
• will they be primary to the subject or are they supplementary?
• What are their prices?
• Are alternate materials available?
• Are older editions available?
• are public domain or open web versions available?
• are there copies in the library? reserves? pirated versions? pre/post prints?
• etc.

Once such a checklist is available, institutions should require that it be available along with syllabi and other course listings.

cross references:

• https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/12/10/the-checklist
• https://laparoscopy.blogs.com/outcome/ItsTheOutcomeDocs/Peter%20Pronovost%20Protocol.pdf

This is a call to annotate! What better way to support this notion that to create public annotations with Hypothesis :) Leaving this here in the hopes that future annotators of this article will find this and help annotate this important update to a seminal model.

What are some of your favorite public art pieces? For me, Alexander Calder is high on the list.

My beef is more with historians who don't even know they're doing it, and do things like put coded markers to interpretive structures into narratives in textbooks. Undergrads from other majors in surveys, who will never read historiography, miss these markers and don't realize they're reading a story told through a particular lens.

Ultimately, isn't the market going to do that?

Aren't MOST new ideas explained by way of metaphors or analogies to known ideas?

Sometimes that obscure language actually helps historians make subtle but important points. I'm thinking of something like Hayden White's Metahistory here. Having said that, I'm pretty unforgiving when something I'm reading puts me through that "foreign-language" wringer but then doesn't pay off with a big insight.

Long tradition of top-level physicists like Hawking writing for the general public.

As grad students we're exposed to all kinds of jargon and specialized analysis and argument. But it's not really that much more difficult to understand that just as most regular people (who ARE interested in history) aren't interested in our professional arguments, they aren't interested in our technical language. Failing to adjust our language to our audience is just sloppy, like using the passive voice.

This would definitely solve the web-reticence issue some students might have -- but what does it look like in practice?

This is probably a long-term goal of mine that I might as well own up to.

This struck me as very interesting, as it frames the article as a rejection of accepted criticism of many respected voices in the field. Instead, the author conducts a potential use study of the space for future users, from the perspective of walkability. It is written not for other scholars of the field but for a general audience, New Yorkers in particular.

Concluding appeal and explanation of the author's call to action. Considering the lack of walkability and limited potential use, they suggest a new design that will maximize access. This also has the benefit of altering the public's sense of that the space is exclusive.

Briefly discusses underserved populations that would likely not benefit from the space and go mainly unnoticed by art critics and star architects. Members of the general public.

This is another example of the author rejecting popular criticism by leaders of the field. He tempers his comments towards the design of the space by mentioning other historic examples in the city.

This may also be a connection to the general public who have embraced (as a novelty) the Hudson Yards. It gives the author a sense of reliability, compared to the highbrow disdain of art critics.

His argument is user-orientated, criticizing experts in the field who work separately to build components of a shared urban ecosystem. Each architect was chosen for their fame, not their ability to work as part of a team, and spare little consideration about those who will live, work, and move through the space. Most importantly, the question of fostering community is addressed.

Similar to scholars at the top of their field, these architects place little consideration towards the mass consumption of their work and its context.

Does this box appear on the video itself? Apparently not...

Examples:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3P6wVUH0pc
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWhrU6wp_9M

But nothing on the embedded version:

• https://www.youtube.com/embed/o3P6wVUH0pc
• https://www.youtube.com/embed/QWhrU6wp_9M

A screengrab of what this looks like:

ShareKnowledge #QualitativeUAEM

Al analizar el contenido del texto "Text-Based Sources" (American Political Science Association Organized Section for Qualitative and Multi-Method Research, Qualitative Transparency Deliberations, Working Group Final Reports, Report II.1); hemos determinado algunas reflexiones que deseamos compartir.

Cabe destacar que las recientes discusiones que han surgido sobre la transparencia de la investigación cualitativa en la Ciencia Política han sido un tema de debate serio, de tal manera que ha sido necesario implementar un código de ética con el objetivo de aumentar y reforzar la transparencia en las fuentes basas en texto.

Sabemos que gran parte de la investigación considerada "cualitativa" se basa, en el análisis de documentos (fuentes basadas en texto) y que todo este proceso implica un costo, pero es necesario y garantiza una mejor calidad de la información.

Por esta razón, sostenemos que la transparencia en la información que empleamos de las fuentes basadas en texto ayuda a otorgar mayor claridad en el proceso de investigación y permite adquirir nuevos conocimientos.

Consideramos que de suma importancia implementar la transparencia en la metodología de selección de las fuentes basadas en texto que utilizamos para compartir información pública.

Para ello, es necesario hacer un proceso analítico de deliberación de las fuentes basadas en texto; esto consiste en evaluar si los datos que se compartirán abiertamente son "verídicos".

The bacteria is found in the urine of rodents.

absolutely, a very good analogy!

The main source images for this collage:

Borrow, George Henry, and E. J. Sullivan. "I did not like reviewing at all--it was not to my taste." Lavengro, Macmillan and Co., London, 1896, p. 296. British Library Flickr, HMNTS 012621.h.20. Accessed 1 February 2018.

Dodge, Mary Elizabeth. "A Terrible Tiger." When Life is Young: a Collection of Verse for Boys and Girls, Century Co., 1894, New York, p. 201. British Library Flickr. Accessed 1 February 2018.

My mind immediately went to gossip and how the exchange/passing along of information/knowledge between women has been through this "proper rhetorical sphere" -- (private) conversations.

The way obscurity is used here versus how it's used by Locke is also very interesting and very, very gendered.

I think Ong would take issue with the notion that there is no "material difference" between speaking and writing. Writing is a "technology" so to speak, and thus presents itself differently than mere thought through speaking. One can go back and edit writing, whereas orality is not so easily done.

This idea of audience centeredness is still taught today in the majority of public speaking classes.

When preparing to speak publicly, the speaker's first consideration should always be the audience -- all other factors, including topic, should be a product influenced by the unanticipated audience.

Interesting that he uses "guides" here instead of "rules."

The nonverbal aspects of public speaking are just as important as the verbal arguments.

Also with viewing public speaking as a conversation, there is little room to outline arguments. Your main points will come out differently each time. it is not as mechanical.

I'm almost losing count of how many racial health disparity stories I've been seeing lately. It's so common I've got tags for it on my site now.

https://boffosocko.com/2019/01/09/i-was-pregnant-and-in-crisis-all-the-doctors-and-nurses-saw-was-an-incompetent-black-woman-time/

Aristotle's definition of rhetoric likens the notion of public speaking to persuasion. When addressing an issue of concern, using all available means of persuasion at one's disposal aids in constructing a sound argument.

Some scholars suggest that Sappho's poetry does not necessarily reflect her personal emotions and experiences, since they were probably written for public performance and may have been recited by a choral group. Such groups had 15 members, but typically sang in the first-person singular "I". What do you think?

<big>评：</big><br/><br/>市面上的多数白皮书是否都在摊大饼？或许在回答这个问题前，我们应该多多学习李笑来「不断厘清自己概念」的精神。为什么原本属于 Business Plan 范畴的文档会被冠以 “White Paper” 的称号？在维基百科的词条里我们可以找到如下定义：</br></br>A white paper is an authoritative report or guide that informs readers concisely about a complex issue and presents the issuing body's philosophy on the matter.

Great talk on the subject of coaching yourself for public speaking: video here

I believe that the single greatest factor for a decent talk is doing your homework. And the greatest difference between a decent talk and a great talk is the speaker's experience on stage.

This is what Pedro Salomão calls "the speaker's fault". He has a great point on millenials: if they are bored, either in a lecture or a classroom, it's the speaker's fault. No one is bored while watching the world cup or an amazing keynote.

A great framework on pichting comes from Dan Pink on this short video.

<big>评：</big><br/><br/>应对此类预判的有效回应：为什么我们只能有一个以太坊？为什么不能同时存在多个「快速的类以太坊」？<br/><br/>看看国产手机厂商们基于 Android OS 定制的 UI 在大中华区的市场表现吧！自从 Google 退华后，相关的流言就未曾间断——比市面上这群竞品更强更好、哪怕是阉割版的 Google 将重返中国市场，扭转格局。但明眼人们心里清楚，这个全球最大市场已今非昔比，后来居上的模仿者们甚至成功改写了游戏规则。<br/><br/>总有东西能够超越人类的朴素共识，它可能是商品拜物教、地缘政治、意识形态、文化鸿沟中的任意一项。百舸争流，成王败寇。

I love this framing of OER as public infrastructure to facilitate the transfer of knowledge. I think it is not only generational, but also more broadly to the public. OER use is not limited to just students within our institutions, but are available freely and openly more broadly to the public. To anyone. I think we need to make that point more widely known. Every OER that is made freely available is making knowledge more open to not only students in our institutions, but to anyone, anywhere. It truly is "public" infrastructure.

woah! so popular

writing for the public

Use of Slack in a FACE-TO-FACE class and how much it increased interaction; brings up a point that concerns me and that's what happens when the instructor/TA appear to be available 24/7 given the nature of Slack; good exploration of motivating students to use it (4/5)

City officials can actually help if they go out into the streets and ask real people what actually is going on. Something on blogs and on polls arent true, they dont always speak the truth. If they were to go out to communities and build relationships with people, they would have a clearer understanding of what is going on.

Repackaging public domain texts and charging a steep markup too much above and beyond the cost of the paper is just highway robbery. Unless a publisher is adding some actual annotative or analytical value, they shouldn't be charging outrageous prices for textbooks of this nature.

I don't think James ever claimed he was solving "the problems in public education." How about he's shining a light on ways increased public funding could stimulate public education?

I question her credibility to market claims like this. I suspect she has no staff scientist or people with the sort of background to make such claims. Even snake oil salesmen like Dr. Oz are pointedly putting us in hands way too make a buck.

Seems like a good pair of guiding questions.

Pure corruption here. Protectionism to prop up profits of approximately 630 million versus major benefits and savings of 300 billion. Even if you look at the calculus of the entire industry of 70 billion it becomes a no brainer.

Future of HE, Social impact, public good

CredCo Indicator:Inference - Convincing Evidence

Question:How convincing do you find the evidence given for the primary claim?

Answer:Fairly Convincing

Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)

Highlight:

In a 2014 study, a team led by Claverie revived two viruses that had been trapped in Siberian permafrost for 30,000 years.

Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)

Highlight:

Two years later, scientists managed to revive an 8-million-year-old bacterium that had been lying dormant in ice, beneath the surface of a glacier in the Beacon and Mullins valleys of Antarctica. In the same study, bacteria were also revived from ice that was over 100,000 years old.

Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)

Highlight:

In a 2005 study, NASA scientists successfully revived bacteria that had been encased in a frozen pond in Alaska for 32,000 years. The microbes, called Carnobacterium pleistocenium, had been frozen since the Pleistocene period, when woolly mammoths still roamed the Earth. Once the ice melted, they began swimming around, seemingly unaffected.

Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)

Highlight:

For instance, scientists have discovered fragments of RNA from the 1918 Spanish flu virus in corpses buried in mass graves in Alaska's tundra. Smallpox and the bubonic plague are also likely buried in Siberia.

Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

Answer:The correlation appears across multiple independent contexts

Highlight:

For instance, scientists have discovered fragments of RNA from the 1918 Spanish flu virus in corpses buried in mass graves in Alaska's tundra. Smallpox and the bubonic plague are also likely buried in Siberia.

Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

Answer:The correlation appears across multiple independent contexts

Highlight:

In August 2016, in a remote corner of Siberian tundra called the Yamal Peninsula in the Arctic Circle, a 12-year-old boy died and at least twenty people were hospitalised after being infected by anthrax.

The theory is that, over 75 years ago, a reindeer infected with anthrax died and its frozen carcass became trapped under a layer of frozen soil, known as permafrost. There it stayed until a heatwave in the summer of 2016, when the permafrost thawed.

CredCo Indicator:Inference - Type of Claims

Question:Is a general or singular causal claim made? Highlight the section(s) that supports your answer.

Answer:General Causal Claim

Highlight:

Climate change is melting permafrost soils that have been frozen for thousands of years, and as the soils melt they are releasing ancient viruses and bacteria that, having lain dormant, are springing back to life.

CredCo Indicator:Tone - Exaggerated Claims

Question:Does the author exaggerate any claims? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).

Answer:No

CredCo Indicator:Tone - Emotionally Charged

Question:Does the article have an emotionally charged tone? (i.e, outrage, snark, celebration, horror, etc.). If so, highlight the relevant section(s).

Answer:No

CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Naturalistic

Question:Does the author suggest that something is good because it is natural, or bad because it is not natural (the naturalistic fallacy)?

Answer:No

CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Appeal to Fear

Question:Does the author exaggerate the dangers of a situation and use scare tactics to persuade (the appeal to fear fallacy)?

Answer:No

CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Slippery Slope

Question:Does the author say that one small change will lead to a major change (use a slippery slope argument)? Highlight the relevant section(s).

Answer:No

CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - False Dilemma

Question:Does the author present a complicated choice as if it were binary (construct a false dilemma)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).

Answer:No

CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Straw Man

Question:Does the author present the counterargument as a weaker, more foolish version of the real counterargument (use a Straw Man Argument)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).

Answer:No

CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Acknowledge Uncertainty

Question:Do they acknowledge uncertainty or the possibility that things might be otherwise? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).

Answer:No

CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Extent Claims Justified

Question:To what extent does their confidence in their claims seem justified?

Answer:Somewhat justified

CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies

Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:

Answer:Scientific Study 4

Highlight:

In February 2017, NASA scientists announced that they had found 10-50,000-year-old microbes inside crystals in a Mexican mine.

CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies

Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:

Answer:Scientific Study 3

Highlight:

In a 2014 study, a team led by Claverie revived two viruses that had been trapped in Siberian permafrost for 30,000 years.

CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies

Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:

Answer:Scientific Study 2

Highlight:

In a 2005 study, NASA scientists successfully revived bacteria that had been encased in a frozen pond in Alaska for 32,000 years.

CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies

Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:

Answer:Scientific Study 1

Highlight:

In a project that began in the 1990s, scientists from the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology in Novosibirsk have tested the remains of Stone Age people that had been found in southern Siberia, in the region of Gorny Altai.

CredCo Indicator:Quotes from Outside Experts

Question:Highlight each expert cited:

Answer:Expert 3

Highlight:

microbiologist Hazel Barton

CredCo Indicator:Quotes from Outside Experts

Question:Highlight each expert cited:

Answer:Expert 2

Highlight:

Boris Revich and Marina Podolnaya

CredCo Indicator:Quotes from Outside Experts

Question:Highlight each expert cited:

Answer:Expert 1

Highlight:

evolutionary biologist Jean-Michel Claverie

Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.

Answer:Studies

Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.

Answer:Experts

CredCo Indicator:Single Study Article

Question:Is this article primarily about a single scientific study?

Answer:No

CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title

Question:What clickbait techniques does this headline employ (select all that apply)?

Answer:Inducing fear (“Is Your Boyfriend Cheating on You?”)

Highlight:

diseases hidden in ice,

CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title

Question:Is the headline clickbaity?

Answer:Somewhat clickbaity

CredCo Indicator:Title Representativeness

Question:Question: Does the title of the article accurately reflect the content of the article?

Answer:Somewhat Representative

Question:Rate your impression of the credibility of this article

Answer:Somewhat high credibility

CredCo Indicator:Inference - Convincing Evidence

Question:How convincing do you find the evidence given for the primary claim?

Answer:Moderately Convincing

Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

Answer:Correlation

Highlight:

When read carefully, the CDC acknowledges that studies finding any perceived reduction in death rates may be due to the healthy-user effect- the tendency for healthier people to be vaccinated more than less-healthy people.

Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)

Highlight:

One study found that those who get the vaccine for three to five years increase their risk of Alzheimer's disease 10-fold.

Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)

Highlight:

A study released in February found that the flu shot was only 9 percent effective in protecting seniors against the 2012-2013 season's most virulent influenza bug...

Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)

Highlight:

randomized, controlled trials of healthy adults found that vaccinating between 33 and 100 people resulted in one less case of influenza...In

Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

Answer:An experimental study was conducted (natural experiments OK)

Highlight:

The only randomized trial of influenza vaccine in older people found no decrease in deaths...

CredCo Indicator:Inference - Type of Claims

Question:Is a general or singular causal claim made? Highlight the section(s) that supports your answer.

Answer:General Causal Claim

Highlight:

what's in the vaccines--especially those from 2015 and after--might actually be more damaging then simply rolling the dice on getting the flu.

CredCo Indicator:Tone - Exaggerated Claims

Question:Does the author exaggerate any claims? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).

Answer:Sort of

Highlight:

Not only is the vaccine not safe, it doesn't even work...The vaccine is completely worthless, and the government knows it...There

CredCo Indicator:Tone - Emotionally Charged

Question:Does the article have an emotionally charged tone? (i.e, outrage, snark, celebration, horror, etc.). If so, highlight the relevant section(s).

Answer:No

CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Naturalistic

Question:Does the author suggest that something is good because it is natural, or bad because it is not natural (the naturalistic fallacy)?

Answer:Sort of

Highlight:

they know it contains a dose of mercury that is toxic to the brain...They

CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Appeal to Fear

Question:Does the author exaggerate the dangers of a situation and use scare tactics to persuade (the appeal to fear fallacy)?

Answer:Sort of

Highlight:

Not only is the vaccine not safe, it doesn't even

CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Appeal to Fear

Question:Does the author exaggerate the dangers of a situation and use scare tactics to persuade (the appeal to fear fallacy)?

Answer:Sort of

Highlight:

work...The vaccine is completely worthless, and the government knows it...There

CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Slippery Slope

Question:Does the author say that one small change will lead to a major change (use a slippery slope argument)? Highlight the relevant section(s).

Answer:No

CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - False Dilemma

Question:Does the author present a complicated choice as if it were binary (construct a false dilemma)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).

Answer:No

CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Straw Man

Question:Does the author present the counterargument as a weaker, more foolish version of the real counterargument (use a Straw Man Argument)? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).

Answer:No

CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Acknowledge Uncertainty

Question:Do they acknowledge uncertainty or the possibility that things might be otherwise? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).

Answer:Sort of

Highlight:

While it may be a contested subject,

CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Extent Claims Justified

Question:To what extent does their confidence in their claims seem justified?

Answer:Somewhat justified

CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies

Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:

Answer:Scientific Study 4

Highlight:

A study released in February found that the flu shot was only 9 percent effective in protecting seniors against the 2012-2013 season's most virulent influenza bug...

CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies

Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:

Answer:Scientific Study 3

Highlight:

Yet a study by the Cochrane group studied hundreds of thousands of people and found it offered zero protection for those three things in the general community.

CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies

Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:

Answer:Scientific Study 2

Highlight:

(In) an Australian study (it was) found (that) one in every 110 children under the age of five had convulsions following vaccinations in 2009 for H1N1 influenza.

CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies

Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:

Answer:Scientific Study 1

Highlight:

randomized, controlled trials of healthy adults found that vaccinating between 33 and 100 people resulted in one less case of influenza...In