Desmond, Matthew. Poverty, by America. 1st ed. New York: Crown, 2023. https://amzn.to/40Aqzlp

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Julius Reizen in reviewing over Umberto Eco's index card system in How to Write a Thesis, defines his own "insurance card" as one which contains "hard-to-classify thoughts, questions, and areas for further inquiry". These he would keep together so that they don't otherwise get lost in the variety of other locations one might keep them

These might be akin to Ahrens' "fleeting notes" but are ones which may not easily or even immediately be converted in to "permanent notes" for one's zettelkasten. However, given their mission critical importance, they may be some of the most important cards in one's repository.

link this to - idea of centralizing one's note taking practice to a single location

Is this idea in Eco's book and Reizen is the one that gives it a name since some of the other categories have names? (examples: bibliographic index cards, reading index cards (aka literature notes), cards for themes, author index cards, quote index cards, idea index cards, connection cards). Were these "officially" named and categorized by Eco?

May be worthwhile to create a grid of these naming systems and uses amongst some of the broader note taking methods. Where are they similar, where do they differ?

Multi-search tools that have full access to multiple trusted data stores (ostensibly personal ones across notebooks, hard drives, social media services, etc.) could potentially solve the problem of needing to remember where you noted something.

Currently, in the social media space especially, this is not a realized service.

for - biodiversity ecosystem services - most relevant for insurance industry

biodiversity ecosystem services - most relevant for insurance industry - Intact habitat - respiratory disease claims are one of the key driver of insurance claims worldwide. Intact forests are a key air purifier - Pollination - stats - global annual economic cost of insect pollinators - 235 to 577 billion USD - OECD 2019 - Air quality and local climate - (see above) - Water security - Water quality - Soil fertility - Erosion control - coastal / river-bordering forests / mangroves provide key erosion protection. - roots build a natural bulwark against waves and can store water during heavy rainfall - where forests (and mangroves) have disappeared, landslides and storm surges are more common and can move further inland, causing property losses covered by insurance - Coastal protection - (see above) - Food provision - Timber provision

question - valuable ecosystem services identified for insurance industry - what about minerals?

for - planetary emergency - economic cost of nature - from an insurance perspective - natural capital valuation - from insurance industry perspective - biodiversity - natural capital valuation - from insurance industry perspective - Swiss RE - Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (BES) metric - from insurance industry perspective

Französische Versicherungsgesellschaften haben für die Schäden, die extremwetterereignisse im vergangenen Jahr verursacht haben, 6,5 Milliarden Euro ausgegeben. Die globale Erhitzung ist für einen großen Teil dieser Summe mit verantwortlich. Ein neuer, auch für die Regierung erstellter Bericht analysiert die Veränderungen für die Versicherungswirtschaft durch die verschärfte ökologische Situation. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/catastrophes-naturelles-a-repetition-un-rapport-pour-lutter-contre-les-possibles-deserts-assurantiels-dans-les-zones-a-risques-20240402_6ZTTTPV6JFGBZIZ3DOZITYS6QA/

• for: climate denial - insurance companies will make everyone pay, climate deniers - will pay carbon tax - via insurance, carbon tax - climate deniers

Worth considering as institutions grapple with the cost of private insurance too.

Der größte Versicherer von Wohngebäuden in Kalifornien will wegen "schnell wachsenden Katastrophenrisiken" keine neuen Verträge mehr abschließen. Die Risieken durch Folgen der Klimakrise, wie Waldbrände, bewirken, dass auch in anderen Teilen der USA viele Vermögneswerte kaum noch privat versichert werden können. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/31/climate/climate-change-insurance-wildfires-california.html

Die Versicherungen sind mit immer gravierenderen Folgen von Extremwetterereignissen zunehmend überfordert. Dabei sind viele Güter gar nicht gegen solche Schäden versichert. Weltweit wird der Schaden an versicherten und nichtversicherten Gütern durch solche Erignisse für 2022 auf 270, für 2021 auf 320 Milliarden Dollar geschätzt, während er in den Jahren davor bei durchschnittlich 97 Milliarden lag. https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2023/05/26/news/alluvioni_sempre_piu_difficile_per_le_assicurazioni_ripagare_i_danni_del_cambiamento_climatico-401790568/?ref=RHLF-BG-I401745819-P7-S1-T1

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Learn a couple of ways to make benefits verification, prior authorization, and verification of pre-authorization processes less painful and stressful.

Insurance Benefits Verification Upon receiving a booking form, insurance benefits can be verified allowing the facility to make a quick determination of the patient's responsibility and profitability of the case.

How does this happen?

Is it the idea of "personal responsibility" and "pull yourself up by the bootstraps" philosophy combined with lack of any actual support and/or education?

There has to be a better phrase or word to define the perverse sort of philosophy espoused by many in the Republican party about this sort of "personal responsibility".

It feels somewhat akin to the idea of privatize profits and socialize the losses. The social loss is definitely one that is pushed off onto the individual, but who's profiting? Is it really so expensive to fix this problem? Isn't the loss to society and public health akin to the Million Dollar Murray problem?

Wouldn't each individual's responsibility be better tied to the collective good as well as their own outcomes? How can the two be bound together to improve outcomes for everyone all around?

Adam Kucharski. (2021, March 24). This is an interesting perspective on Taiwan (& glad it mentions data/privacy), although I’d like to see more references to what local officials were actually saying about approach in real-time, rather than what UK-based researchers later say it was: Https://t.co/FDu0mQoISh 1/ [Tweet]. @AdamJKucharski. https://twitter.com/AdamJKucharski/status/1374638777814167555

Marc Lipsitch. (2021, July 20). At the risk of boiling down too much and certainly losing some detail, one way to summarize this wonderful thread is that when we think about vaccine effectiveness, we should think of 4 key variables: 1 which vaccine, 2 age of the person, 3 how long after vax, 4 vs what outcome. [Tweet]. @mlipsitch. https://twitter.com/mlipsitch/status/1417595538632060931

ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh]. (2022, January 28). @ollysmithtravel @AllysonPollock that is a policy alternative one could consider- whether it’s more or less effective, more or less equitable, or even implementable in the current Austrian health care framework would need careful consideration.... None of that saves the argument in the initial tweet [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1487043954654818316

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_Upon_Projects

An Essay Upon Projects (1697)

Singh, R. (2021, August 25). Delta Air Lines to add $200 monthly health insurance charge for unvaccinated staff. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/delta-add-200-monthly-health-insurance-charge-unvaccinated-staff-2021-08-25/

A hospital might accept a specific insurance plan, but the doctor treating you might not. This means that patients have to do their due diligence in finding out if their physicians are in their net-work. This will avoid 'surprise doctor bills'.

A high-deductiable plan is an insurance which has a lower monthly payment at the cost of higher fees before the insurance covers the cost (deductible).

Dr. Bauer from Hackensack Meridian Health sees more patients having higher-deductible insurance plans. This results in patients scrutinizing costs and tests because they have to pay for those directly.

Poverty and thus lack of knowledge, lack of good nutrition, and lack of dental insurance are the cause of bad teeth in America. Apparently it's not drugs or sugar, though they surely don't help.

Long, Heather. ‘Millions of Americans Are Heading into the Holidays Unemployed and over $5,000 behind on Rent’. Washington Post. Accessed 26 February 2021. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/12/07/unemployed-debt-rent-utilities/.

U.S. Census Bureau. (2021, February 4). Small Business Pulse Survey Shows Shift in Expectations from Spring to Winter. The United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/01/small-business-pulse-survey-shows-shift-in-expectations-from-spring-to-winter.html?utm_campaign=20210126msacos1ccstors&utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery

Quality-adjusted life year. (2021). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quality-adjusted_life_year&oldid=1009094786

I can't help but see this definition and think it needs to be applied to economics immediately. In particular I can think of a few quick examples of economic anomie which are artificially covering up a free market and causing issues within individual communities.

College Textbooks: Here publishers are marketing to professors who assign particular textbooks and subverting students which are the actual market and consumers of those textbooks. This causes an inflated market and has allowed textbook prices to spiral out of control.

The American Health Care Market In this example, the health care providers (doctors, hospitals, etc.) have been segmented away from their consumers (patients) by intermediary insurance companies which are driving the market to their own good rather than a free-er set of smaller (and importantly local) markets that would be composed of just the sellers and the buyers. As a result, the consumer of health care has no ability to put a particular price on what they're receiving (and typically they rarely ever ask, even more so when they have insurance). This type of economic anomie is causing terrific havoc within the area.

(Aside: while the majority of health care markets is very small in size (by distance), I will submit that the advent of medical tourism does a bit to widen potential markets, but this segment of the market is tiny and very privileged in comparison.)

IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. ‘COVID-19 and the Labor Market’. Accessed 6 October 2020. https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13650/.

This is an interesting and telling example.

Clay, K., Lewis, J. A., Severnini, E. R., & Wang, X. (2020). The Value of Health Insurance during a Crisis: Effects of Medicaid Implementation on Pandemic Influenza Mortality (Working Paper No. 27120; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27120

Ganong, P., Noel, P. J., & Vavra, J. S. (2020). US Unemployment Insurance Replacement Rates During the Pandemic (Working Paper No. 27216; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27216

Newhouse, J. P. (2020). An Ounce of Prevention (Working Paper No. 27553; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27553

Mitchell, O. S. (2020). Building Better Retirement Systems in the Wake of the Global Pandemic (Working Paper No. 27261; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27261

Kahn, L. B., Lange, F., & Wiczer, D. G. (2020). Labor Demand in the Time of COVID-19: Evidence from Vacancy Postings and UI Claims (Working Paper No. 27061; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27061

McLaren, J. (2020). Racial Disparity in COVID-19 Deaths: Seeking Economic Roots with Census data. (Working Paper No. 27407; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27407

Chetty, R., Friedman, J. N., Hendren, N., Stepner, M., & Team, T. O. I. (2020). How Did COVID-19 and Stabilization Policies Affect Spending and Employment? A New Real-Time Economic Tracker Based on Private Sector Data (Working Paper No. 27431; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27431

Integrating Social Insurance and Social Assistance Programs for the Future World of Labor. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 5, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13258/

Ian Nurmi on Twitter: “In the midst of a global pandemic, @BU_Tweets has just threatened to pull the medical insurance of any graduate student unwilling to teach in the classroom this fall. https://t.co/VPHlskry6A” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved June 25, 2020, from https://twitter.com/i_nurmi/status/1275457100454465542

Alexander Beard Group - International financial emigration services organisation, from life insurance, pensions to investment, we can help you in South Africa, USA, UK & France

Chou, S.-C., Gondi, S., Baker, O., Venkatesh, A. K., & Schuur, J. D. (2018). Analysis of a Commercial Insurance Policy to Deny Coverage for Emergency Department Visits With Nonemergent Diagnoses. JAMA Network Open, 1(6), e183731. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3731

Oncology, T. L. (2020). COVID-19 and the US health insurance conundrum. The Lancet Oncology, 21(6), 733. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30286-2

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