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Between 1914 and 1980, inequalities in income and wealth decreasedmarkedly in the Western world as a whole (the United Kingdom,Germany, France, Sweden, and the United States), and in Japan,Russia, China, and India, although in different ways, which we willexplore in a later chapter. Here we will focus on the Western countriesand improve our understanding of how this “great redistribution”took place.
Inequalities in income and wealth decreased markedly in the West from 1914 to 1980 due to a number of factors including:<br /> - Two World Wars and the Great Depression dramatically overturned the power relationships between labor and capital<br /> - A progressive tax on income and inheritance reduced the concentration of wealth and helped increase mobility<br /> - Liquidation of foreign and colonial assets as well as dissolution of public debt
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- Apr 2022
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Julia Raifman. (2021, July 25). Policymakers are pointing fingers at “the unvaccinated” What if they gave them a hand instead? - Bring vax & food to workplaces, schools, homes -Fund local doctors, including pediatricians, to call patients & deliver vax—Learn from success of Indian Health Service approach [Tweet]. @JuliaRaifman. https://twitter.com/JuliaRaifman/status/1419288641885593604
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- Feb 2022
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www.nationalgeographic.com www.nationalgeographic.com
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Mckeever, A. (n.d.). COVID-19 variants will keep coming until everyone can access vaccines. Retrieved February 20, 2022, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/covid-19-variants-will-keep-coming-until-everyone-can-access-vaccines
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- Omicron
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- vaccine inequity
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- variant
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- low-income country
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- Jan 2022
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPKKQnijnsM
And this was from 2012... I wonder how much worse it is today?
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Kirby, J. (2021, December 23). Omicron collides with a struggling global vaccination campaign. Vox. https://www.vox.com/22846774/omicron-global-vaccines-covronavirus-covid-19
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prospect.org prospect.org
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DrPH, M. D. H., M. D. (2022, January 11). The Folly of School Openings as a Zero-Sum Game. The American Prospect. https://prospect.org/api/content/4a1fc36e-7263-11ec-9e7d-12f1225286c6/
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- race
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www.politico.com www.politico.com
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Biden officials now fear booster programs will limit global vaccine supply. (n.d.). POLITICO. Retrieved 3 January 2022, from https://www.politico.com/news/2021/12/31/biden-novavax-production-covid-omicron-526283
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- Dec 2021
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medicalxpress.com medicalxpress.com
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London, U. C. (2021, December 13). Unwillingness to have booster vaccine most common in groups with highest infection rates. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-12-unwillingness-booster-vaccine-common-groups.html
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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After all, imagine we framed the problem differently, the way itmight have been fifty or 100 years ago: as the concentration ofcapital, or oligopoly, or class power. Compared to any of these, aword like ‘inequality’ sounds like it’s practically designed toencourage half-measures and compromise. It’s possible to imagineoverthrowing capitalism or breaking the power of the state, but it’snot clear what eliminating inequality would even mean. (Which kindof inequality? Wealth? Opportunity? Exactly how equal would peoplehave to be in order for us to be able to say we’ve ‘eliminatedinequality’?) The term ‘inequality’ is a way of framing social problemsappropriate to an age of technocratic reformers, who assume fromthe outset that no real vision of social transformation is even on thetable.
A major problem with fighting to "level the playing field" and removing "inequality" is that it doesn't have a concrete feel. What exactly would it mean to eliminate inequality? What measures would one implement? To fix such a problem the issue needs to be better defined. How can the issue be better framed so that it could be fought for or against?
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- Nov 2021
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unherd.com unherd.com
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The Left’s Covid failure. (2021, November 23). UnHerd. https://unherd.com/2021/11/the-lefts-covid-failure/
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Holder, Josh. ‘Tracking Coronavirus Vaccinations Around the World’. The New York Times, 29 January 2021, sec. World. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/world/covid-vaccinations-tracker.html.
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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France-Presse, A. (2021, November 17). Pfizer strikes deal to allow generic versions of its Covid pill for world’s poor. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/nov/17/pfizer-strikes-deal-to-allow-generic-versions-of-its-covid-pill-for-worlds-poor
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- cost
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Scott, Jake, Aaron Richterman, and Muge Cevik. ‘Covid-19 Vaccination: Evidence of Waning Immunity Is Overstated’. BMJ 374 (23 September 2021): n2320. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2320.
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jech.bmj.com jech.bmj.com
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Jannot, A.-S., Countouris, H., Straaten, A. V., Burgun, A., Katsahian, S., & Rance, B. (2021). Low-income neighbourhood was a key determinant of severe COVID-19 incidence during the first wave of the epidemic in Paris. J Epidemiol Community Health, 75(12), 1143–1146. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-216068
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twitter.com twitter.com
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ReconfigBehSci. (2021, November 4). RT @DrTedros: We continue to hear excuses about why low-income countries have only received 0.4% of #COVID19 vaccines: 1. They can’t absorb… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1456588731155165189
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Schreiber, M. (2021, October 16). US throws out millions of doses of Covid vaccine as world goes wanting. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/16/us-throws-out-millions-doses-covid-vaccine-world-shortages
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twitter.com twitter.com
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BK Titanji #ILookLikeAScientist. (2021, November 2). I simply can’t get over this graph @FT https://t.co/Uozp7yBs9n [Tweet]. @Boghuma. https://twitter.com/Boghuma/status/1455493059534376963
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www.bloomberg.com www.bloomberg.com
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Gates Foundation Offers $4 Million to Fix Syringe Shortage for Covid Shots. (2021, November 4). Bloomberg.Com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-04/gates-takes-on-next-barrier-to-rolling-out-covid-shots-syringes
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www.latimes.com www.latimes.com
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Skimmed opening paragraphs in physical newspaper. Want to revisit. This sounds like the sort of "pulling oneself up by one's bootstraps" that actually works.
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www.bmj.com www.bmj.com
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Feinmann, J. (2021). Covid-19: Global vaccine production is a mess and shortages are down to more than just hoarding. BMJ, 375, n2375. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2375
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- Oct 2021
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washingtonmonthly.com washingtonmonthly.com
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Cortellessa, E., & Wolfe, L. (2021, October 15). Why Is the U.S. Hoarding Hundreds of Millions of COVID Vaccines? Washington Monthly - Politics. https://washingtonmonthly.com/2021/10/15/why-is-the-u-s-hoarding-hundreds-of-millions-of-covid-vaccines/
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www.politico.com www.politico.com
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‘They rushed the process’: Vaccine maker’s woes hamper global inoculation campaign. (n.d.). POLITICO. Retrieved 25 October 2021, from https://www.politico.com/news/2021/10/19/novavax-vaccine-rush-process-global-campaign-516298
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jamanetwork.com jamanetwork.com
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Groff, D., Sun, A., Ssentongo, A. E., Ba, D. M., Parsons, N., Poudel, G. R., Lekoubou, A., Oh, J. S., Ericson, J. E., Ssentongo, P., & Chinchilli, V. M. (2021). Short-term and Long-term Rates of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review. JAMA Network Open, 4(10), e2128568. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28568
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twitter.com twitter.com
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ReconfigBehSci. (2021, July 6). RT @mvankerkhove: I’m struggling with how best to stress how fragile the global situation is, so I’ll be blunt: Each week >2.6 million cas… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1412416348676820992
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elemental.medium.com elemental.medium.com
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The Death Rate of Covid-19 in Developing Countries | by Gideon M-K; Health Nerd | Oct, 2021 | Elemental. (n.d.). Retrieved October 7, 2021, from https://elemental.medium.com/the-death-rate-of-covid-19-in-developing-countries-cc17a55c73cd
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Maxmen, Amy. ‘The Fight to Manufacture COVID Vaccines in Lower-Income Countries’. Nature 597, no. 7877 (15 September 2021): 455–57. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02383-z.
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www.gavi.org www.gavi.org
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Lower-income countries are letting far fewer COVID-19 vaccine doses expire than wealthier nations | Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. (n.d.). Retrieved October 3, 2021, from https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/lower-income-countries-are-letting-far-fewer-covid-19-vaccine-doses-expire
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www.frontiersin.org www.frontiersin.org
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Shih, S.-F., Wagner, A. L., Masters, N. B., Prosser, L. A., Lu, Y., & Zikmund-Fisher, B. J. (2021). Vaccine Hesitancy and Rejection of a Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus in the United States. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 558270. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.558270
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- Sep 2021
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theconversation.com theconversation.com
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Skinner, A., & Raifman, J. (n.d.). Biden’s pandemic plan overlooks mask mandates and vulnerable populations. The Conversation. Retrieved 13 September 2021, from http://theconversation.com/bidens-pandemic-plan-overlooks-mask-mandates-and-vulnerable-populations-167667
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- mask mandate
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www.axios.com www.axios.com
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Herman, B. (2021, July 12). Most unvaccinated people have low incomes. Axios. https://www.axios.com/covid-vaccines-low-income-poor-workers-58698275-0451-4158-a967-37189dbf673c.html
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- Jul 2021
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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In our case, a system intended to expand equality has become an enforcer of inequality. Americans are now meritocrats by birth. We know this, but because it violates our fundamental beliefs, we go to a lot of trouble not to know it.
Class stratification helps to create not only racist policies but policies that enforce the economic stratification and prevent upward (or downward) mobility.
I believe downward mobility is much simpler for Black Americans (find reference to OTM podcast about Obama to back this up).
How can we create social valves (similar to those in the circulatory system of our legs) that help to push people up and maintain them at certain levels without disadvantaging those who are still at the bottom and who may neither want to move up nor have the ability?
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Kozlov, M. (2021). COVID vaccines have higher approval in less-affluent countries. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01987-9
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www.centerforhealthsecurity.org www.centerforhealthsecurity.org
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Brunson EK, Schoch-Spana M, Carnes M, Hosangadi D, Long R, Ravi S, Taylor M, Trotochaud M, Veenema TG, on behalf of the CommuniVax Coalition. Carrying Equity in COVID-19 Vaccination Forward: Guidance Informed by Communities of Color. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security; 2021.
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Leah McElrath 🏳️🌈. (2021, July 12). One reason the right-wing outrage machine is focused on attacking Biden’s plan for door-to door outreach isn’t because they actually fear confiscation of guns or Bibles. It’s because they don’t want poor people to have access to life-saving vaccinations. Https://t.co/GnZMmlBfqK [Tweet]. @leahmcelrath. https://twitter.com/leahmcelrath/status/1414660179061264388
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www.cnbc.com www.cnbc.com
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Residents of districts won by Democrats generate 22% more output per worker, and have a 15% higher median household income.
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Rodebaugh, T., Frumkin, M., Garg, R., LaGesse, L., McQueen, A., & Kreuter, M. (2021). Perceived vaccine safety over time in a vaccine hesitant sample: Impact of pausing due to safety concerns. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/csfte
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- Jun 2021
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obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
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Nakamura-Pereira, M., Andreucci, C. B., Menezes, M. de O., Knobel, R., & Takemoto, M. L. S. (2020). Worldwide maternal deaths due to COVID-19: A brief review. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 151(1), 148–150. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13328
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The impact of this exclusion itself is impossible to measure, but increasing meritocratic inequality has coincided with the opioid epidemic, a sharp increase in “deaths of despair,” and an unprecedented fall in life expectancy concentrated in poor and middle-class communities.
Are these all actually related to meritocratic inequality? What other drivers might there be?
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Meritocratic inequality works like this: First, elite workers acquire super-skilled jobs, displacing middle-class labor from the center of economic production. Then, those elite workers use their massive incomes to monopolize elite education for their children, ensuring that their offspring are more qualified to dominate high-skilled industries than their middle-class counterparts. The cycle continues, generating what Markovits calls “snowball inequality”: a compounding feedback loop that amplifies economic inequality, dramatically suppresses social mobility, and creates a “time divide” between an elite class whose members work longer and longer (due to a higher demand for their talents) and an increasingly idle middle class (whose work has been made redundant).
This all seems logical and certainly plays a part, but I still think it's more complicated. This is a feedback "engine" that has been installed since ~1970 and exacerbated by the 1980s.
There's likely still a leisure class above this compounding the effects.
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Some argue that the American elite is functionally an old-fashioned aristocracy that owes its income to nepotism and opportunism. Others argue that the elite is functionally an oligarchy that owes its rising income to a shift away from labor and toward capital. According to this view, elites don’t even need nepotism — they are using preexisting wealth and inheritance to rebuild an old-fashioned feudal class.
So much here to unpack...
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Hussaini, Syed M. Qasim. “A Prescription for Fair Housing during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases 0, no. 0 (May 25, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00257-7.
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- May 2021
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Vaccinate vulnerable global poor before children in rich countries, WHO says | Coronavirus | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved May 18, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/14/vaccinate-vulnerable-global-poor-before-rich-children-who-says
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Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. “Will Waiving Vaccine Patents End ‘vaccine Nationalism?’ | DW | 06.05.2021.” DW.COM. Accessed May 14, 2021. https://www.dw.com/en/will-waiving-vaccine-patents-end-vaccine-nationalism/a-57446939.
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free-journal.umm.ac.id free-journal.umm.ac.id
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The new model is very much influenced by prudent bank regulation and the aim to reduce income smoothing
Il y a un peu confusion des genres. Certes le nouveau modèle est influencé par les pratiques du secteur bancaire. Le G20 ayant sommé le Board de l'IAS de revoir sa copie suite à la crise financière, c'est un peu logique. Cela dit c'est un grand pas de l'IASB car le normalisateur comptable ne souhaitait pas "sectoriser" la norme comptable. Cependant ce sont les établissements financiers qui utilisent le plus la norme sur les instruments financiers (IFRS9).
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www.bmj.com www.bmj.com
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Abbasi, K. (2021). Covid-19: India’s crisis is everyone’s crisis. BMJ, n1152. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1152
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Maxmen, A. (2021). Will COVID force public health to confront America’s epic inequality?. Nature, 592(7856), 674-680.
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- health disparity
- wage gap
- is:article
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www.healthaffairs.org www.healthaffairs.org
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Ozawa, S., Clark, S., Portnoy, A., Grewal, S., Brenzel, L., & Walker, D. G. (2016). Return On Investment From Childhood Immunization In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, 2011–20. Health Affairs, 35(2), 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1086
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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correspondent, S. W. E. (2021, January 21). Home schooling is widening attainment gap between rich and poor, finds report. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/jan/21/home-schooling-is-widening-attainment-gap-between-rich-and-poor-finds-report
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Mullard, A. (2020). How COVID vaccines are being divvied up around the world. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-03370-6
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www.sciencedirect.com www.sciencedirect.com
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Elgar, F. J., Stefaniak, A., & Wohl, M. J. A. (2020). The trouble with trust: Time-series analysis of social capital, income inequality, and COVID-19 deaths in 84 countries. Social Science & Medicine, 263, 113365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113365
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- Apr 2021
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journals.plos.org journals.plos.org
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Sy, Karla Therese L., Laura F. White, and Brooke E. Nichols. ‘Population Density and Basic Reproductive Number of COVID-19 across United States Counties’. PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (21 April 2021): e0249271. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249271.
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www.freetaxusa.com www.freetaxusa.com
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You'll need to have paid more sales tax than state and local tax to take this deduction.
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You'll usually only take this sales tax deduction if you live in a state that doesn't have state income tax, but it's available to everyone.
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- Mar 2021
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www.frontiersin.org www.frontiersin.org
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Spiro, Neta, Rosie Perkins, Sasha Kaye, Urszula Tymoszuk, Adele Mason-Bertrand, Isabelle Cossette, Solange Glasser, and Aaron Williamon. ‘The Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown 1.0 on Working Patterns, Income, and Wellbeing Among Performing Arts Professionals in the United Kingdom (April–June 2020)’. Frontiers in Psychology 11 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.594086.
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www.newscientist.com www.newscientist.com
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Vaughan, A. (n.d.). Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in poorest countries is lower than in US. New Scientist. Retrieved 25 March 2021, from https://www.newscientist.com/article/2271540-covid-19-vaccine-hesitancy-in-poorest-countries-is-lower-than-in-us/
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- vaccine hesitancy
- health policy
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- global
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- politics
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- COVID-19
- low-income country
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zcomm.org zcomm.org
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Preliminary results from the first year are tantalizing for anyone interested in solutions to address rising inequality in the United States, especially as they manifest along racial and gender lines. Within the first year, the study’s participants obtained jobs at twice the rate of the control group. At the beginning of the study, 28 percent of the participants had full-time employment, and after the first year, that number rose to 40 percent.
This is what happened when 125 participants were given $500/month over two years to see what would happen.
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crosscut.com crosscut.com
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In King County, pollution makes ZIP codes predictors of your health | Crosscut. (n.d.). Retrieved 5 March 2021, from https://crosscut.com/video/new-normal/king-county-pollution-makes-zip-codes-predictors-your-health
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twitter.com twitter.com
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CEDI_IIEC_UNAM [@Bibliotecaiiec] [2021-03-04] COVID-19 and global income inequality / by Angus Deaton. © Princeton University https://scholar.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/international_income_inequality_and_the_covid_v2_assembled_0.pdf. (Tweet] Twitter. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/Bibliotecaiiec/status/1353143277625733121.
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Alfani, G. (2020, October 15). Pandemics and inequality: A historical overview. VoxEU.Org. https://voxeu.org/article/pandemics-and-inequality-historical-overview
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- Feb 2021
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www.washingtonpost.com www.washingtonpost.com
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“In the last decade, especially with the pioneering work of Thomas Piketty and his co-authors, there has been a growing consensus that tax cuts for the rich lead to higher income inequality,” Hope and Limberg said.
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www.washingtonpost.com www.washingtonpost.com
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Even worse, Shadow Stat's numbers show so much inflation the past 25 years that, as Jim Pethokoukis points out, it implies the economy hasn't grown at all during that time.
Important Point
Real economic numbers validate a 25 year period (or more) of manipulated inflation and low growth economy. INCOME INEQUALITY statistics and recent studies ALL validate fuzzy math, rosy picture for the 1% and stagnant dismal picture for average Americans. Trump based his entire campaign and Presidency on Making America Great Again
Supporting Link
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So which seems likelier: that we're no better off than we were a quarter century ago, or that Shadow Stats is total bunk?
Great Question
This is an easy question to answer from my perspective. For me (age 62) and most of my peers, their kids and their peers, we are NO better off than we were a quarter century ago! A large part is the change from Industrial/Manufacturing to Technology and the outsourced labor and manufacturing. America has changed, this is FACT
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Byrne, K. A., Six, S. G., Ghaiumy Anaraky, R., Harris, M. W., & Winterlind, E. L. (2020, November 5). Risk-Taking Unmasked: Using Risky Choice and Temporal Discounting to Explain COVID-19 Preventative Behaviors. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/uaqc2
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www.stm-assoc.org www.stm-assoc.org
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Wiley
Similar to CUP and IOP, Sage, and Springer Nature, many UK institutions have signed a contract to fund Wiley's publishing activities for four more years as a result of Plan S, regardless of how many authors accepted manuscripts (AAM) are openly available in repositories. This fact undermines the arguments made above by the STM Association about the rights retention strategy (RRS) undermining financial sustainability.
Furthermore, the financial credit cap for the Wiley deal is operationally low, resulting in additional expenditure for institutions at the end of the calendar year when open access support funds are running low. This additional cost is not sustainable for many institutions and unintentionally creates inequitable access to no-additional-cost publishing.
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Springer Nature
UK institutions have been through several terms of the Springer Compact deal and continue to negotiate amendments and additional terms with added expense. The Springer Compact deal delivers no-additional-cost publishing for an upfront commitment of funds by institutions. Regardless of how many authors accepted manuscripts (AAM) are openly available in repositories institutions continue to support Springer Nature's publishing activities. This fact undermines the arguments made above by the STM Association about the rights retention strategy (RRS) undermining financial sustainability.
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SAGE Publishing
Similar to CUP and IOP, many UK institutions have signed a contract to fund Sage's publishing activities for three years as a result of Plan S, regardless of how many authors accepted manuscripts (AAM) are openly available in repositories. This fact undermines the arguments made above by the STM Association about the rights retention strategy (RRS) undermining financial sustainability.
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IOP Publishing
Similar to CUP, some UK institutions have signed a contract to fund IOP's publishing activities for four years as a result of Plan S, regardless of how many authors accepted manuscripts (AAM) are openly available in repositories. This fact undermines the arguments made above by the STM Association about the rights retention strategy (RRS) undermining financial sustainability.
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Cambridge University Press
Many UK institutions have signed a contract to fund CUP's publishing activities for four years as a result of Plan S, regardless of how many authors accepted manuscripts (AAM) are openly available in repositories. This fact undermines the arguments made above by the STM Association about the rights retention strategy (RRS) undermining financial sustainability.
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eliminates the ability to charge for the services that publishers provide
This is an inaccurate statement or at the very least misrepresents the situation. Despite the Rights Retention Strategy (RRS), publisher may - and many do - continue to charge page charges, over-run charges, colour charges, submission fees, society fees, etc. to the author. The author may also choose to pay an open access article processing charge (APC), without using their funder's money. Furthermore, the RRS does not eliminate the publisher charging subscription fees, licensing fees for the reproduction of content (e.g. figure resue), access to meta-content, docdel etc. or, indeed, individual access to the version of record (VoR) where a reader has identified a need to see the VoR after seeing the authors accepted manuscript (AAM)
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The Rights Retention Strategy provides a challenge to the vital income that is necessary to fund the resources, time, and effort to provide not only the many checks, corrections, and editorial inputs required but also the management and support of a rigorous peer review process
This is an untested statement and does not take into account the perspectives of those contributing to the publishers' revenue. The Rights Retention Strategy (RRS) relies on the author's accepted manuscript (AAM) and for an AAM to exist and to have the added value from peer-review a Version of Record (VoR) must exist. Libraries recognise this fundamental principle and continue to subscribe to individual journals of merit and support lucrative deals with publishers. From some (not all) librarians' and possibly funders' perspectives these statements could undermine any mutual respect.
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- Jan 2021
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UNCTAD (2020) Coronavirus will cost global tourism at least $1.2 trillion. https://unctad.org/news/coronavirus-will-cost-global-tourism-least-12-trillion
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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Kim. S., Koh. K., Zhang. X., (2020) Short-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Consumption and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from Singapore. Institute of labor economics. Retrieved from: https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13354/
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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Papageorge. N. W., Zahn. M. V. Belot. M., van den Broek-Altenburg. E., Choi. S., Jamison. J. C., (2020). Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Self-Protecting Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved from: https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13333/
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- Dec 2020
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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wealth persist across racial groups.
EXAMINE THE SYSTEMS WHICH HELP TO ENFORCE THIS RACIAL INCOME DIVIDE! Most relate. Fixing these systems could help to bridge the income gap between racial groups. Even laws so ingrained in us.
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- Oct 2020
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Hone, T., Mirelman, A. J., Rasella, D., Paes-Sousa, R., Barreto, M. L., Rocha, R., & Millett, C. (2019). Effect of economic recession and impact of health and social protection expenditures on adult mortality: A longitudinal analysis of 5565 Brazilian municipalities. The Lancet Global Health, 7(11), e1575–e1583. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30409-7
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swopec.hhs.se swopec.hhs.se
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Florida, R & Mellander, C. (2020) The Geography of COVID-19 in Sweden. Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation, Royal Institute of Technology.
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved October 11, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13625/
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www.core-econ.org www.core-econ.org
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James Bronterre O’Brien, told the people:‘Knaves will tell you that it is because you have no property, you are unrepresented. I tell you on the contrary, it is because you are unrepresented that you have no property …’16
great quote
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A thousand years ago, the world was flat, economically speaking.
I don't think we have to go back even this far. If I recall correctly, even 150 years ago the vast majority of the world's population were subsistence farmers. It's only been since the 20th century and the increasing spread of the industrial revolution that the situation has changed:
Even England remained primarily an agrarian country like all tributary societies for the previous 4,000 years, with ca. 50 percent of its population employed in agriculture as late as 1759.
--David Christian, Maps of Time (pp 401) quoting from Crafts, British Economic Growth, pp. 13–14. (See also Fig 13.1 Global Industrial Potential from the same, for a graphical indicator.
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Piketty, however, sees inequality as a social phenomenon, driven by human institutions. Institutional change, in turn, reflects the ideology that dominates society: “Inequality is neither economic nor technological; it is ideological and political.”
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For Piketty, rising inequality is at root a political phenomenon. The social-democratic framework that made Western societies relatively equal for a couple of generations after World War II, he argues, was dismantled, not out of necessity, but because of the rise of a “neo-proprietarian” ideology. Indeed, this is a view shared by many, though not all, economists. These days, attributing inequality mainly to the ineluctable forces of technology and globalization is out of fashion, and there is much more emphasis on factors like the decline of unions, which has a lot to do with political decisions.
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unequalscenes.com unequalscenes.com
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This is an interesting website for the extreme contrasts it brings out with regard to income inequality.
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Nkengasong, J. N., Ndembi, N., Tshangela, A., & Raji, T. (2020). COVID-19 vaccines: How to ensure Africa has access. Nature, 586(7828), 197–199. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02774-8
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. ‘COVID-19 and the Labor Market’. Accessed 6 October 2020. https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13707/.
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. ‘COVID-19 and the Labor Market’. Accessed 6 October 2020. https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13644/.
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Annotators
URL
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. ‘COVID-19 and the Labor Market’. Accessed 6 October 2020. https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13641/.
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- Sep 2020
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Torres, Irene, Osvaldo Artaza, Barbara Profeta, Cristina Alonso, and JaHyun Kang. ‘COVID-19 Vaccination: Returning to WHO’s Health For All’. The Lancet Global Health 0, no. 0 (25 September 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30415-0.
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news.northeastern.edu news.northeastern.edu
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If rich countries monopolize COVID-19 vaccines, it could cause twice as many deaths as distributing them equally. (n.d.). Retrieved September 17, 2020, from https://news.northeastern.edu/2020/09/14/if-rich-countries-monopolize-covid-19-vaccines-it-could-cause-twice-as-many-deaths-as-distributing-them-equally/
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- Aug 2020
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healthpolicy.fsi.stanford.edu healthpolicy.fsi.stanford.edu
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University, © Stanford, Stanford, & Complaints, C. 94305 C. (n.d.). Rosenkranz Prize Winner Leads Effort to Protect Health-Care Workers from COVID-19 in Under-Resourced Countries. Retrieved August 29, 2020, from https://healthpolicy.fsi.stanford.edu/news/rosenkranz-prize-winner-leads-effort-protect-global-health-care-workers-under-resourced
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved 26 July 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13493/
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osf.io osf.io
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Enriquez, D., & Goldstein, A. (2020). Covid-19’s Socio-Economic Impact on Low-Income Benefit Recipients: Early Evidence from Tracking Surveys [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/hpqd5
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osf.io osf.io
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St-Denis, X. (2020). Sociodemographic Determinants of Occupational Risks of Exposure to COVID-19 in Canada [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/nrjd3
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www.nber.org www.nber.org
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Papageorge, N. W., Zahn, M. V., Belot, M., van den Broek-Altenburg, E., Choi, S., Jamison, J. C., & Tripodi, E. (2020). Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Self-Protecting Behavior during the Covid-19 Pandemic (Working Paper No. 27378; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27378
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osf.io osf.io
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Love, D., Allison, E. H., Asche, F., Belton, B., Cottrell, R. S., Froehlich, H. E., Gephart, J. A., Hicks, C., Little, D. C., Nussbaumer, E. M., da Silva, P. P., Poulain, F., Rubio, A., Stoll, J. S., Tlusty, M. F., Thorne-Lyman, A. L., Troell, M., & Zhang, W. (2020). Emerging COVID-19 impacts, responses, and lessons for building resilience in the seafood system [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/x8aew
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osf.io osf.io
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Ferreira, L. M. R., & Mostajo-Radji, M. A. (2020). Plasma-based COVID-19 treatments in low- and middle-income nations pose a high risk of an HIV epidemic [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/cyqx8
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Fore, H. H., Dongyu, Q., Beasley, D. M., & Ghebreyesus, T. A. (2020). Child malnutrition and COVID-19: The time to act is now. The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31648-2
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Independent SAGE on Twitter: “NEW: Independent SAGE has evaluated the scientific evidence on social distancing & concludes it is not safe to reduce it from 2m to 1m indoors as government proposes https://t.co/GHgJ6SXW7C” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved June 22, 2020, from https://twitter.com/independentsage/status/1274727763786809344
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