Der neueste Emissions Gap Report der Vereinten Nationen kommt zu dem.Ergebnis, dass die Erde auf eine Temperatur-Erhöhung um 3,1° zusteuert. Würden sich alle Staaten an ihre Selbstverpflichtungen halten, käme es zu einem Anstieg um etwas weniger als 3°. Noch immer sei ein Erreichen des 1,5°-Ziels technisch möglich, verlange aber einen entschlossenen Politikwechsel und Leadership https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/oct/24/crunch-time-for-real-un-says-time-for-climate-delays-has-run-out

Bericht: https://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2024

Exactly, it is not that dissimilar at the big picture level.

The issue is the scale of our impact. It is like the sorcerer's apprentice. We have summoned powers beyond our control that threaten our very lives and our planet.

aka wisdom gap.

2023 Production Gap Report: Die USA, Russland und Saudi-Arabien planen wie die Mehrheit der 20 am meisten fossile Brennstoffe produzierenden Staaten, 2030 mehr Öl zu fördern als je zuvor. Indien will die Kohleproduktion bis 2030 verdoppeln, Kanada die Öl- und Gasförderung in 25 Jahren um 25% steigern. Brasilien will in 10 Jahren die Ölproduktion um 2/3, die Gasproduktion um 100% steigern. China, Deutschland, Großbritannien und Norwegen wollen die Produktion reduzieren. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/climate/coming-soon-more-oil-gas-and-coal.html

Die Pläne der Kohle-, Öl- und gasproduzierenden Staaten zur Ausweitung der Förderung würden 2030 zu 460% mehr Kohle, 83% mehr Gas und 29% mehr Ölproduktion führen, als mit dem Pariser Abkommen vereinbar ist. Der aktuelle Production Gap Report der Vereinten Nationen konzentriert sich auf die 20 stärksten Verschmutzer-Staaten, deren Pläne fast durchgängig in radikalem Widerspruch zum Pariser Abkommen stehen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/nov/08/insanity-petrostates-planning-huge-expansion-of-fossil-fuels-says-un-report

Report: https://productiongap.org/

• for: hard problem of consciousness - UTok, question - consciosness - UTok mind 1a, Gregg Henrique

• comment

• question - consciousness - UTok mind 1b
  • This is a great diagram and conveys a lot in a succinct manner.
  • However, I have a gut feeling that the Mind 01a is not quite the right representation
  • If language and analysis is in the Mind 3 domain, then it is combined with Mind 1b as neurocognition is itself a mental construction, rather than an object
  • All this addresses that there is a deep entanglement between many scientifically analytically rich "objects" and constructed ideas
    • Scientific objects are spoken about and mixed with non-scientifically-laden objects in the world as if they are one and the same. They are not. Scientifically-laden objects have a huge amount of analytic theory behind them. Without familiarity with that theory, the object loses its validity, especially to the lay person.
    • This could be a possible explanation of why scientists are losing their credibility in modernity and giving rise to alternative facts, misinformation and fake news
      • https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2022/02/15/americans-trust-in-scientists-other-groups-declines/

• for: polycrisis, Thomas Homer-Dixon, Cascade Institute Royal Roads University - Changemakers Speakers Series, etymology - polylcrisis

• Talk: Hope in the Polycrisis

• Speaker: Thomas Homer-Dixon
• Host: Royal Roads University - Changemakers Speakers Series

• Date: 2023

• SUMMARY

  • Thomas Homer-Dixon is a leading complex systems scientist and director of the Cascade Institute, which he co-founded at Royal Roads University in Victoria, B.C., Canada, to study the polycrisis and identify strategic high leverage interventions that could rapidly shift humanity's trajectory in the next few critical years.
  • The talk, entitled "Hope in the polycriisis" chronicles Homer-Dixon's multi-decade journey to understand the convergence of crisis happening in the world today.

  • In a real sense, the evolution of his thinking on these complex problems are reflected in the series of books he has written over the years, culminating in the 2023 book "Commanding Hope", based on a theory of hope:

    • Environment, Scarcity, and Violence (Princeton, 1999). - a book showing how other factors combine with environmental stress to produce violence.
    • “The Ingenuity Gap: Can Poor Countries Adapt to Resource Scarcity?,” which appeared in Population and Development Review in 1995
    • “Resource Scarcity and Innovation: Can Poor Countries Attain Endogenous Growth?" ?” coauthored with Edward Barbier, which appeared in Ambio (1999)
    • The Upside of Down: Catastrophe, Creativity, and the Renewal of Civilization (2006), examined the threat to global stability of simultaneous and interacting demographic, environmental, economic, and political stresses. This led to examining energy as a major factor in our modern society.
    • "Commanding Hope: The Power we have to Renew a World in Peril"
      • https://commandinghope.com/

  • Homer-Dixon also talks about practical solutions, His team at Casacade Institute is researching a promising technology called ultra-deep geothermal, which could provide unlimted energy at energy densities comprable to fossil fuels.

  • He finishes his talk with his theory of Hope and how a "Robust" hope can be the key to a successful rapid transition.

• etymology - polycrisis

  • https://polycrisis.org/lessons/where-did-the-term-polycrisis-come-from/
  • Complexity theorists Edgar Morin and Anne Brigitte Kern first used the term polycrisis in their 1999 book, Homeland Earth, to argue that the world faces
    • “no single vital problem, but many vital problems, and it is this complex intersolidarity of problems, antagonisms, crises, uncontrolled processes, and the general crisis of the planet that constitutes the number one vital problem" (p. 74).
  • South African sociologist and sustainable transitions theorist Mark Swilling then adopted the term to capture
    • “a nested set of globally interactive socio-economic, ecological and cultural-institutional crises that defy reduction to a single cause” (2013, p. 98).
  • Climate change, rising inequality, and the threat of financial crises interact in complex ways that multiply their overall impact (Swilling 2013, 2019).

• for: adjacency - outdated government institutions - delegitimization - authoritarianism

• adjacency between

  • outdated government institutions
  • delegitimatization
  • authoritarianism
• adjacency statement
  • Since old government institutions are not coping with the challenges of modernity, suffering an ingenuity gap, it's fueling a political crisis enabling the rise of authoritarianism

• for: question - adaptation - answer - adaptation, adaptation - ingenuity, endogenous growth, Thomas Homer-Dixon, Cascade Institute

• question: adaptation

  • why do some societies successfully adapt to environmental stresses while others do not?

• answer: adaptation

  • Ingenuity
    • Researchers within societies that are able to adapt effectively are able to deliver ingenuity at the right time and place to prevent environmental problems from causing severe hardship.

• references

  • The ingenuity Gap: Can Poor Countries Adapt to Resource Scarcity (Homer-Dixon & Barbier,1995)?
    • http://www.homerdixon.com/1995/09/01/the-ingenuity-gap-can-poor-countries-adappt-to-resource-scarcity/
  • Resource Scaricity and Innovation: Can Poor Countries Attain Endogenous Growth (Homer-Dixon & Barbier,1999)?
    • http://www.homerdixon.com/1999/03/01/resource-scarcity-and-innovation-can-poor-countries-attain-endogenous-growth/
  • The Ingenuity Gap (2000)
    • http://www.ingenuitygap.com/
  • The Upside of Down (Homer-Dixon, 2006)
    • https://homerdixon.com/writing/books/the-upside-of-down/

• for: hard problem of consciousness - sensory motor theory, explanatory gap

• for: kariotic flow

• summary

  • While I appreciate the general idea, the explanation in terms of the 6 parts of the kariotic flow wheel is not clear. I found a strong salience mismatch

  • concrete examples would go a long way to bridge the explanatory gap between the salience landscape of the author and that of the reader

• for: explanatory gap

• comment

• insight
  • there is very little research on the role of language in the explanatory gap of the hard problem of consciousness

UN-Generalsekretär Guterres hat die Untätigkeit der politischen Führungen scharf angegriffen. Er spricht davon, dass man die vergifteten Wurzeln der Klimakrise, die fossilen Energien, endlich ausreißen muss. Der Emission Gap Report 2023 zeigt, dass keiner der G20-Staaten eine Dekarbonisierungspolitik betreibt, die mit den Zielen des Pariser Abkommens vereinbar ist. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/le-monde-va-faire-face-a-un-rechauffement-de-25-c-a-29-c-dici-2100-alerte-lonu-avant-la-cop-28-20231120_QXFYQM3CJNHALBWI4PV5KR4NIY/

Mehr zum Emissions Gap Report 2023: https://hypothes.is/search?q=tag%3A%22Emissions%20Gap%20Report%202023%22

Der Emissions Gap Report 2023 des UN-Umweltprogramms (Titel: Broken Rekord) zeigt, dass sich die Welt nach wie vor auf eine Erhitzung um 2,5-2,9° zubewegt. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit dafür, dass das 1,5°-Ziel noch erreicht wird, liegt bei höchstens 14%. Der Treibhausgasausstoß erreichte einen historischen Rekord; er war 2022 1,2% höher als 2021. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000195965/welt-steuert-auf-drei-grad-erhitzung-zu-methan

Bericht: https://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2023

Die Schere zwischen den nötigen Maßnahmen zur Anpassung an die globale Erhitzung und den dafür zur Verfügung gestellten Mitteln geht weiter auf. Der neue Adaptation Gap Report der Vereinten Nationen stellt fest, dass die Kosten für die Anpassung dramatisch steigen. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000193529/anpassung-an-klimakrise-hat-sich-verlangsamt-statt-an-fahrt-aufzunehmen

Report: https://www.unep.org/resources/adaptation-gap-report-2023

• for: good explanation: empiricism, empiricism - knowledge gap, quote, quote - Dan Robinson, quote - philosophy, quote - empiricism - knowledge gap, Critique of Pure Reason - goal 1 - address empiricism and knowledge gap

• good explanation : empiricism - knowledge gap

• quote

  • on the traditional empiricist account
    • we do not have direct access to the facts of the external world
    • that is we do not experience externality directly but only MEDIATELY, not immediately but MEDIATELY
      • because between us and the external world are those what do you call them oh yes, sense organs
    • and so the question is how faithfully they report what is going on out there
    • To raise the question how faithful is the sensory report of the external world
      • is to assume that you have some reliable non-sensory way of answering that question
    • That's the box you can't get out of and so there is always this gap between
      • reality as it might possibly be known by some non-human creature and
      • reality as empirically sampled by the senses
        • whose limitations and distortions are very well known
          • but not perfectly classified or categorized or or measured

• Comment

  • Robinson contextualizes the empiricist project and gap thereof, as one of the 4 goals of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason.
  • Robinson informally calls this the "Locke" problem, after one of the founders of the Empiricist school, John Locke.
  • Robinson also alludes to a Thomas Reed approach to realism that contends that we don't experience reality MEDIATELY, but IMMEDIATELY, thereby eliminating the gap problem altogether.
  • It's interesting to see how modern biology views the empericist's knowledge gap, especially form the perspective of the Umwelt and Sensory Ecology

• fresh perspective

  • cancer can be interpreted as a breakdown in the bodies multiscale competency architecture causing cancerous cells to lose their higher level synchronizing signals and revert to their more evolutionarily primitive forms as individuals that see the body as simply an external environment

• adjacency between

  • gap junction coupling
  • cancer
  • healthy tissue coherence
  • multiscale competency architecture
• adjacency statement
  • gap junction coupling appears to be an evolutionary means of cohering individuals together to form a larger group
  • hence, they seem to play a critical role in the continued evolution of more complex multicellular organisms
  • their pathologies within multicellular beings destroy multicellular structures and create disease, reverting the organism, or competent multicellular structures of the organism such as tissues and organs back to individualistic behavior, as in cancers

• for: gap junctions, multicellular cohesion, multicellular unity, MET, major evolutionary transition, group to individual, group glue

• comment

  • gap junctions play a critical role in cohering a group of cells together
  • hence they might be considered a kind of "cellular glue" which fosters evolutionary fitness by incentifying individual organisms to beneficially socially interact with other individual organisms

• question

  • do gap junctions play a role in major evolutionary transition (MET)?

• adjacency between

  • gap junction
  • cancer
  • MET
  • individual to group
• adjacency statement
  • gap junctions may play a role in major evolutionary transition, enabling individual cells to unite into a group, leading to the evolution of multicellular organisms. Investigate and do literature review to see if this is the case.

• for: cellular collaboration, gap junction, bioelectrical networks, bioelectric network

• interesting fact: multicellular mechanisms to create coherence in competent constituent subunit cells

• more research
  • very interesting mechanisms that mediate benefits of collective behavior of competent subunits within the biological body.

• for: nonduality, non-duality, duality, dualism, hard problem of consciousness, explanatory gap, relativistic theory of consciousness, human INTERbeing, human INTERbeCOMing, Deep Humanity, DH
• title: A Relativistic Theory of Consciousness
• author: Nir Lahav, Zahariah A. Neemeh

• date: May 12, 2022

• abstract

  • In recent decades, the scientific study of consciousness has significantly increased our understanding of this elusive phenomenon.
  • Yet, despite critical development in our understanding of the functional side of consciousness, we still lack a fundamental theory regarding its phenomenal aspect.
  • There is an “explanatory gap” between
    • our scientific knowledge of functional consciousness and
    • its “subjective,” phenomenal aspects,
  • referred to as the “hard problem” of consciousness.
  • The phenomenal aspect of consciousness is the first-person answer to “what it’s like” question, and
    • it has thus far proved recalcitrant to direct scientific investigation.
  • Naturalistic dualists argue that it is composed of a primitive, private, non-reductive element of reality that is independent from the functional and physical aspects of consciousness.
  • Illusionists, on the other hand, argue that it is merely a cognitive illusion, and that all that exists are ultimately physical, non-phenomenal properties.
  • We contend that both the dualist and illusionist positions are flawed because they tacitly assume consciousness to be an absolute property that doesn’t depend on the observer.
  • We develop a conceptual and a mathematical argument for a relativistic theory of consciousness in which
    • a system either has or doesn’t have phenomenal consciousness with respect to some observer.
  • Phenomenal consciousness is neither private nor delusional, just relativistic.
    • In the frame of reference of the cognitive system, it will be observable (first-person perspective) and
    • in other frame of reference it will not (third-person perspective).
  • These two cognitive frames of reference are both correct,
    • just as in the case of
      • an observer that claims to be at rest
      • while another will claim that the observer has constant velocity.
  • Given that consciousness is a relativistic phenomenon, neither observer position can be privileged,
    • as they both describe the same underlying reality.
  • Based on relativistic phenomena in physics
    • we developed a mathematical formalization for consciousness which bridges the explanatory gap and dissolves the hard problem.
  • Given that the first-person cognitive frame of reference also offers legitimate observations on consciousness,
    • we conclude by arguing that philosophers can usefully contribute to the science of consciousness by collaborating with neuroscientists to explore the neural basis of phenomenal structures.

• comment

  • This is a promising approach to solving the hard problem of consciosness

• Paraphrase
• Claim
  • earth-friendly, justice-supporting consumers cannot translate their values into meaningful impact.
• Evidence
• “the shading and distancing of commerce” Princen (1997) is an effect of information assymetry.
  • producers up and down a supply chain can hide the negative social and environmental impacts of their operations, putting conscientious consumers at a disadvantage. //
• this is a result of the evolution of alienation accelerated by the industrial revolution that created the dualistic abstractions of producers and consumers.
• Before that, producers and consumers lived often one and the same in small village settings
• After the Industrial Revolution, producers became manufacturers with imposing factories that were cutoff from the general population

• This set the conditions for opaqueness that have plagued us ever since. //

• time constraints, competing values, and everyday routines together thwart the rational intentions of well-meaning consumers (Røpke 1999)

• assigning primary responsibility for system change to individual consumers is anathema to transformative change (Maniates 2001, 2019)

• This can be broken down into three broad categories of reasons:

  • Rebound effects
    • https://jonudell.info/h/facet/?max=100&expanded=true&user=stopresetgo&exactTagSearch=true&any=jevon%27s+paradox
    • increases in consumption consistently thwart effciency-driven resource savings across a wide variety of sectors (Stern 2020). -sustainability scholars increasingly critique “effciency” both as:
      • a concept (Shove 2018)
      • as a form of“weak sustainable consumption governance” (Fuchs and Lorek 2005).
    • Many argue that, to be successful, effciency measures must be accompanied by initiatives that limit overall levels of consumption, that is, “strong sustainable consumption governance.

  • Attitude-behavior gap

  • Behavior-impact gap

Is Emma flirting or is this a younger sister teasing an older brother?

The age gap and the family relationship both can make this a little icky - though people talk about it less than Marianne and Colonel Brandon in Sense and Sensibility

Johnson, T., Moultrie, T., Gonsalves, G., & Hassan, F. (2021, October 12). An inconvenient truth: The real reason why Africa is not getting vaccinated. Bhekisisa. https://bhekisisa.org/opinion/2021-10-12-an-inconvenient-truth-the-real-reason-why-africa-is-not-getting-vaccinated/

Gye, H. (2021, November 29). All adults to be offered booster jabs after 3 months, and over-12s to get second doses. Inews.Co.Uk. https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/covid-booster-jabs-to-be-offered-all-adults-after-3-months-and-over-12s-second-doses-1325151

Karan, A. (2022). We cannot afford to repeat these four pandemic mistakes. BMJ, 376, o631. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.o631

Michael McCarthy. (2021, August 27). #COVD19 vax rates are still increasing in Australia. The over 70s are approaching 90% with first doses. The red line is the rate for all people >=16. That should reach 60% soon. Https://t.co/NH3Q7jumgT [Tweet]. @mickresearch. https://twitter.com/mickresearch/status/1431185640884826112

Gap analysis in 4 steps Instead of groping around in the dark, a gap analysis of the gap leads us through a detailed investigation of where our organization is currently and where we want to be. This allows us to act on the basis of facts, not on the basis of assumptions.

Refers to pay between workers "in the same roles" but links to an article that uses a gross unadjusted figure. Nothing in the link supports the claim being made, which was hardly surprising considering this claim has been debunked thousands of times over the last few decades.

Scribner, H. (2022, January 29). A new COVID-19 variant surge ‘will happen again,’ experts say. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/coronavirus/2022/1/29/22904290/new-covid-19-variant-surge-next-major-coronavirus-mutation

THe author points to a new research gap

research gap

Racine, N., Madigan, S., Cardinal, S., Hartwick, C., Leslie, M., Motz, M., & Pepler, D. (2021). Community-Based Research: Perspectives of Psychology Researchers and Community Partners. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/cxrmt

Nigg, C., Petersen, E., & MacIntyre, T. (2021). Natural Environments, Psychosocial Health, and Health Behaviors during COVID-19 – A Scoping Review. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/a9unf

Team, E. (2019, May 20). Vaccine Champions: Young people demand healthier future. VaccinesToday. https://www.vaccinestoday.eu/stories/vaccine-champions-young-people-demand-healthier-future/

grey

Ranney, O. by M. (n.d.). Opinion: Biden’s six-point Covid plan leaves some holes. CNN. Retrieved 13 September 2021, from https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/10/opinions/holes-in-bidens-six-point-covid-plan-ranney/index.html

Social science literature absent the experience of middle-aged women. Interregate empty next syndrome.

The L&D team can work with the business, managers, employees, SME's to help with a bottom-up training needs analysis, and this can help with a more democratic learning culture.

Hopes UK trial will allay pregnant women’s Covid vaccine concerns. (2021, August 3). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/03/hopes-uk-trial-will-allay-pregnant-womens-covid-vaccine-concerns

Unvaccinated Is Different From Anti-Vax—The Atlantic. (n.d.). Retrieved August 1, 2021, from https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2021/07/unvaccinated-different-anti-vax/619523/

20 million children miss out on lifesaving measles, diphtheria and tetanus vaccines in 2018. (n.d.). Retrieved June 24, 2021, from https://www.who.int/news/item/15-07-2019-20-million-children-miss-out-on-lifesaving-measles-diphtheria-and-tetanus-vaccines-in-2018

Prof. Gavin Yamey MD MPH on Twitter: “The defining image of our time https://t.co/KynuxjJpTP” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved June 7, 2021, from https://twitter.com/GYamey/status/1400810637509500933

Hammerstein, S., König, C., Dreisoerner, T., & Frey, A. (2021). Effects of COVID-19-Related School Closures on Student Achievement—A Systematic Review [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/mcnvk

Black in D.C. have 8 in 10 coronavirus infections—The Washington Post. (n.d.). Retrieved May 29, 2021, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-coronavirus-blacks-vaccine/2021/05/25/1b6208da-bd6d-11eb-9c90-731aff7d9a0d_story.html

Covid-19: We must put in place a financial plan of action for achieving vaccine equity—The BMJ. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2021, from https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/05/19/covid-19-we-must-put-in-place-a-financial-plan-of-action-for-achieving-vaccine-equity/#disqus_thread

Maxmen, A. (2021). Will COVID force public health to confront America’s epic inequality?. Nature, 592(7856), 674-680.

Alon, T., Doepke, M., Olmstead-Rumsey, J., & Tertilt, M. (2020). This Time It’s Different: The Role of Women’s Employment in a Pandemic Recession. IZA Discussion Paper, 13562.

correspondent, S. W. E. (2021, January 21). Home schooling is widening attainment gap between rich and poor, finds report. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/jan/21/home-schooling-is-widening-attainment-gap-between-rich-and-poor-finds-report

I appreciate what Barron is getting at here but I think he's taking an extremely contrarian stance to get at his point. Obviously Venmo is not condoning childhood alcohol consumption - a better and more nuanced take (which he alludes to elsewhere in the article) is that the conditions of modern life have prolonged adolescence for millennials (and generation z) - the traditional signifiers of adulthood are gone and the aesthetics of contemporary corporate app and internet design have adjusted to reflect this shift.

Larson, H. J., Cooper, L. Z., Eskola, J., Katz, S. L., & Ratzan, S. (2011). Addressing the vaccine confidence gap. The Lancet, 378(9790), 526–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60678-8

Placebo-Controlled Trials of Covid-19 Vaccines—Why We Still Need Them. (2021). New England Journal of Medicine, 384(2), e2. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2033538

Ledgerwood, Alison, Sa-kiera Tiarra Jolynn Hudson, Jr Neil Lewis, Keith Maddox, Cynthia Pickett, Jessica Remedios, Sapna Cheryan, et al. ‘The Pandemic as a Portal: Reimagining Psychological Science as Truly Open and Inclusive’. PsyArXiv, 11 January 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gdzue.

La variación de la energía del band gap y de Urbach de las películas delgadas de ZnS con tiempos de deposición es mostrado en la figura 13. La valores del energía band gap de las películas ZnS decrecían con el incremento del tiempo de deposición lo cual es debido a la aglomeración de las ZnS-NPS. El valor mínimo de la energía de Urbach obtenido a 20 min indica una muy débil cola de absorción debido los defectos minimizados e impurezas que mejoran la transparencia y la conductividad óptica en el revestimiento de la pelicula en ese momento.

Now of course we know how React handles this conflict: it takes the new nodes in your virtual DOM tree — the waters in your flowing river — and maps them onto existing nodes in the DOM. In other words React is a functional abstraction over a decidedly non-functional substrate.

To me this is a warning sign, because in my experience, the bigger the gap between an abstraction and the thing it abstracts, the more likely you are to suffer what programmers like to call ‘impedance mismatches’, and I think we do experience that in React.

King, M. M., & Frederickson, M. (2020). The Pandemic Penalty: The gendered effects of COVID-19 on scientific productivity [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/8hp7m

I like this framing, as something that I've been thinking for awhile is that when it comes to teaching/education - people are too caught up in an old style of education and are trying to copy-paste the classroom setting into the online world.

While some K-12 education seems to be adapting a bit faster, higher education still feels a little stuck.

Bootcamps are a little different, but gaps still exist --- got thinking about this also when talking with Sam recently

correspondent, J. H. N. of E. (2020, June 2). Decade of progress in tackling pupil disadvantage “wiped out.” The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/jun/03/decade-of-progress-tackling-uk-pupil-disadvantage-wiped-out-coronavirus-school-closures

COVID-19: Why informal networks will be key to the recovery. (n.d.). World Economic Forum. Retrieved April 24, 2020, from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/covid-19-why-informal-networks-will-be-key/

Niet, A. de, Waanders, B. L., & Walraven, I. (n.d.). The role of children in the transmission of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Acta Paediatrica, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15310

A short, and very cogent argument here.

Is this "racial transfer gap" on top of the phenomenon of "transfer shock"?

The risk of CSCW not driving toward a more scientific pursuit of social theory, understanding, and ethnomethodology and instead simply building "cool toys"

CSCW's potential to become a science of the artificial resides in the study of interactions between society and technology

Factors involved in the socio-technical gap:

Social needs vs technical capacity

Human activity

Technical mechanisms continue to lag social insights

Questions to consider in moving CSCW toward a science of the artificial

Support infrastructures provide a different type of approximation to augment the user experience.

Approximate a social need with a technical cue. Example in Google Docs of anonymous user icons on page indicates presence but not identity.

Definition of first-order approximations.

Ackerman argues that CSCW needs a set of approximations that drive the development of initial work-arounds for the socio-technical gaps.

Essentially, how to satisfy some social requirements and then approximate the trade-offs. Doesn't consider the product a solution in full but something to iterate and improve

This may have been new/radical thinking 20 years ago but seems to have been largely adopted by the CSCW community

Ackerman argues that CS education should include understanding how to design/build for social needs but also to appreciate the social impacts of technology.

Ackerman sets up the steps necessary for CSCW to become a science of the artificial and to try to resolve the socio-technical gap:

Palliatives to ameliorate social conditions

Approximations to explore the design space

Lines of scientific inquiry

Approaches to address social conditions and "block troublesome impacts":

Stakeholder analysis

Participatory design

Scandinavian approach to info system design requires trade union involvement

How Ackerman sees CSCW as a science of the artificial:

"CSCW is at once an engineering discipline attempting to construct suitable systems for groups, organizations, and other collectivities, and at the same time, CSCW is a social science attempting to understand the basis for that construction in the social world (or everyday experience)."

Succinct description of CSCW as social constructionism, ethnomethodlogy, system theory and large-scale system implementation.

Simon defines "Sciences of the Artificial" as new sciences/disciplines that synthesize knowledge that is technically or socially constructed or "created and maintained through human design and agency" as opposed to the natural sciences

Ackerman describes "CSCW as a science of the artificial" as a potential approach to reduce the socio-technical gap

Ackerman concludes the discussion about socio-technical gaps that people should not be forced to adapt to technology.

Technology can and should respond to social and intellectual direction.

Cites Heilbroner (1994) who writes about technological determinism that I should take a look at

http://www.f.waseda.jp/sidoli/Heilbroner_1994.pdf

Another argument that social practices should adapt and evolve alongside technology. Ackerman raises concerns about this viewpoint becoming "invisible" and simply accepted or assumed as a norm without question.

Alternatively, humans should adapt or coevolve with intractable technologies. Ackerman cites neo-Taylorism (an economic model that describes work produced by redundant processes and splintered socio-technical activities)

This related argument that neural network designed systems will overcome the socio-technical gap created by highly architected computer systems that are explicit and inflexible. Ackerman argues here, too, that the advances have not yet arrived and the gap has endured.

Quick summary of von Neumann architecture

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture

One argument against the socio-technical gap is that future advances in technology will solve the problem. Ackerman argues this is unlikely since the gap has existed for more than 20 years despite attempts to bridge the gap.

Two different camps on how to resolve this problem:

1) Change more flexible social activity/protocols to better align with technical limitations 2) Make systems more adaptable to ambiguity

This passage helps to explain the emphasis in CSCW papers on time/duration as a system design concern for workflow coordination (milliseconds between MTurk hits) versus time/representation considerations for system design

Categories have politics.

See: Suchman's 1993 paper

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/764c/999488d4ea4f898b5ac5a4d7cc6953658db9.pdf

Nice summation of the human and technical tensions in CSCW

Costs, motives, and incentives drive collaboration. Again, refer to peer production literature here from Benkler and Mako, and Kittur, Kraut, et al

Another reference to matching technology to design heuristics -- user control and system/real world needs.

Perpetual problem but is critical mass more of market issue (large vs niche need and who will pay for it) or a technical issue (meets need vs low adoption due to being ahead of its time)?

Community norms are well-discussed in the crowdsourcing and peer production literature.

See: Benkler, Mako and Kittur, Kraut, et al

Evokes the distributed cognition literature as well peer production, crowdsourcing, and collective intelligence practices.

Awareness, disclosure, and privacy concerns are key cognitive/perception needs to integrate into technologies. Social media and CMCs struggle with this knife edge a lot.

It's also seems to be a big factor in SBTF social coordination that leads to over-compensating and pluritemporal loading of interactions between volunteers.

More specific reference to workflow as a prime CSCW concern. Exceptions, edge cases, and fluid roles need to be accommodated by technology.

A lot to unpack here as this bullet gets at the fundamental need for boundary objects (Star's work) to traverse sense-making, meanings, motives, and goals within artifacts.

HCI / interface design heuristics re: user controls, etc.

See: https://www.nngroup.com/articles/ten-usability-heuristics/

References Goffman's work on identity and representation.

Touches again on Suchman's work on context in situations.

This remains a problem in HCI/CSCW nearly two decades after this paper was published.

Why?

Do the theories and models (symbolic vs non-symbolic) not adequately describe the human-side of the technical interaction? Or the technical-side of the human behavior/motive/need?

Is the gap less nuance in (detail about) behavior and more a function of humans are fickle, contradictory, and illogical.

CSCW assumption.

See also: Suchman's 1987 situated action book and contests in Vera and Simon's 1993 paper

Gist of SA is that HCI (and its breakdowns) must be studied in real-life situations, knowing is inseparable from doing, and cognition can't be separated from context.

Good summary here:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situated_cognition

https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=AJ_eBJtHxmsC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=suchman&ots=KrKpjGFHGV&sig=hmJ_pyJymoEweA_XDFWdMedSL4s#v=onepage&q=suchman&f=false

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0364021305800084

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1207/s15516709cog1701_5

Refers to Simon's argument that "decision makers have limited information processing capabilities" due to cognitive constraints that limit computational thinking, memory and recall.

Instead of searching for the best outcome, people use a "good enough" standard. (see Tapia and Moore 2014 crisis informatics paper).

"Satisficing" describes the process of ending the search for possible decisions once an option achieves a "good enough" alternative. (see Palen, Vieweg and Anderson, 2010 everyday analysts paper)

See: http://oxfordre.com/politics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-405

Simonian Science of the Artificial refers to "a physical symbol system that has the necessary and sufficient means for intelligent action."

From Simon, Herbert, "The Sciences of the Artificial," Third Edition (1996)

CSCW assumptions about social activity

primary challenge for CSCW scholars and practitioners

this part of the dialogue creates a great sense of social and class inequality in the world created by this movie. Deltas are considered wise and have greater responsibilities whereas gammas are considered somewhere in between and are in charge of more mundane matters.

Just reading this table of contents reminds me that this "analysis of teens" seems a lot like the perennial contemplations of adults who think that the generations of teenagers coming behind them is different, weird, or even deviant.

A typical case in point is that of the greatest generation looking at the long-haired 60's hippy teens who came after them. "Why do they like rock and roll? They do too many drugs. There's no hope for the future." "Damn kids. Get off of my lawn!"

Is the way that current teens and millennials react to social just another incarnation of this general idea?

You've got to explain to me why this putative racism doesn't handicap women.

I do not see a causal analysis. No doubt there is racism, but attributing everything to racism is dishonest. Racism contributes by how much exactly?

It is obvious from the graph that black women earn more.

affect of desgregation

There are no audits matching your search for Dispensary There are no audits matching your search for Cannabis There are no audits matching your search for Marijuana There are no audits matching your search for nutraceutical

source: https://s3.amazonaws.com/prod_foundationapp/364221/lessons/35/1384378776-john-carlton-1.pdf

from: https://campus.thefoundation.com/courses/1/lessons/35

The emergence of a new equity gap is counterproductive as we collectively design transformed teaching and learning experiences. I believe we need to keep an eye on this closely as use proliferates across APS.