Purpose of WGS in population epidemiology

1. Surveillance
2. Outbreak Investigation
3. Source attribution
4. Microbial population

Gene Name: DICER1 PMCID: PMC5443331 PMID: 28323992 HGNCID: not found Inheritance Pattern: autosomal dominant Disease Entity: thyroid cancer and familial multinodular doiter Mutation: germline loss-of-function mutation Zygosity: not provided Variant: c.1870C>T; p.Arg624a, c.1870C>T; p.Arg624a, c.1870C>T; p.Arg624a, c.1870C>T; p.Arg624a, c.3726C>A; p.Tyr1242a, c.3675C>G; p.Tyr1225a, c.3675C>G; p.Tyr1225a Family Information: 145 individuals with a DICER1 germline mutation and 135 controls from 48 families Case: family members used; both males and females used and no significant differences seen among sex; ages range from 20-40 with carriers being significantly younger than controls; no significant differences seen among ethnicity but participants located from the US, UK, and Great Britain CasePresentingHPOs: thyroid cancer or MNG diagnosis common to those with a DICER! mutation but with no chemotherapy or radiation treatment yet CasePreviousTesting: tested levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, thyroxine-binding globulin, and serum albumin; thyroid palpation; thyroid ultrasound; Sanger or next-generation sequencing assays gnomAD: n/a Mutation Type: missense

gene name: DICER 1 PMID (PubMed ID): 33570641 HGNCID: n/a Inheritance Pattern: autosomal dominant Disease Entity: benign and malignant tumor mutation Mutation: somatic Zygosity: heterozygous Variant: n/a Family Information: n/a Case: people of all sexes, ages, ethnicities and races participated CasePresentingHPOs: individuals with DICER1-associated tumors or pathogenic germline DICER1 variants were recruited to participate CasePreviousTesting: n/a gnomAD: n/a

HGNCID:

Covid-19: Efficacité vaccinale. (2021, October 11). EPI-PHARE. https://www.epi-phare.fr/rapports-detudes-et-publications/impact-vaccination-covid-octobre-2021/

Times, T. N. Y. (2020, March 3). Coronavirus in the U.S.: Latest Map and Case Count. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/covid-cases.html

Schlosser, F. (2021, November 29). Omicron—Import Risk. Covid-19 Mobility Project. https://www.covid-19-mobility.org/reports/importrisk_omicron/

Kai Kupferschmidt. (2021, December 1). @DirkBrockmann But these kinds of models do help put into context what it means when certain countries do or do not find the the variant. You can find a full explanation and a break-down of import risk in Europe by airport (and the people who did the work) here: Https://covid-19-mobility.org/reports/importrisk_omicron/ https://t.co/JXsYdmTnNP [Tweet]. @kakape. https://twitter.com/kakape/status/1466109304423993348

Kai Kupferschmidt. (2021, December 1). @DirkBrockmann That percentage number tells you “how likely an infected passenger from South Africa or Botswana travels to each country and exits the airport there”. So: “0.9% in Germany means that out of 1000 such individuals, 9 are expected to have Germany as their final destination.” [Tweet]. @kakape. https://twitter.com/kakape/status/1466107478807097354

🇺🇦 Meaghan Kall. (2022, January 27). NEW: 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Vaccine effectiveness (symptomatic infection) data for BA.2 {Omicron’s more infectious sister} NO difference in VE between Omicron (BA.1) and BA.2 Possibly even higher VE for BA.2 but estimates overlap See full thread 🧵 from @freja_kirsebom https://t.co/bJ7uCn2cGV [Tweet]. @kallmemeg. https://twitter.com/kallmemeg/status/1486821549458001927

Tom Wenseleers. (2022, January 23). @HarrySpoelstra @trvrb @CorneliusRoemer @JosetteSchoenma BA.2 has a growth rate advantage over BA.1 of ca 0.11/day. That’s quite sizeable. If it would have the same short generation time as BA.1 of 2.2 days it would imply a ca.1.3x higher transmissibility, due to higher contagiousness or immune escape. Https://t.co/X8TcWJ4pXQ [Tweet]. @TWenseleers. https://twitter.com/TWenseleers/status/1485375883066101763

Shalin Naik [@shalinhnaik]. (2021, October 14). 📢The first episode of the @thejabgab http://thejabgab.com is LIVE!! 🎙 Join me and the fabulous comedians @nazeem_hussain and @calbo as they chat about the Delta variant, vaccines …. And cows? With experts @DrKGregorevic and @BedouiSammy! Search your fav platform or... Https://t.co/bo4HiRfqF6 [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/shalinhnaik/status/1448510610837159939

Shalin Naik. (2021, October 14). 📢The first episode of the @thejabgab http://thejabgab.com is LIVE!! 🎙 Join me and the fabulous comedians @nazeem_hussain and @calbo as they chat about the Delta variant, vaccines …. And cows? With experts @DrKGregorevic and @BedouiSammy! Search your fav platform or... Https://t.co/bo4HiRfqF6 [Tweet]. @shalinhnaik. https://twitter.com/shalinhnaik/status/1448510610837159939

ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh]. (2021, November 1). RT @HJWesteneng: Growth advantage and extrapolation of AY.4.2 based on Sanger Institute data in the UK (multilevel multinomial model). Base… [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1455467011509731332

Dr Dominic Pimenta [@DrDomPimenta]. (2021, December 15). An illustration of communicating risk with “less severe” variants: [Thread] Assume Omicron is 4x more transmissible than Delta. [1] Assume Omicron leads to 1/3 less admissions than Delta. [Figure below] Assume 1 in 100 cases of Delta are admitted to hospital. Https://t.co/XtnVwoOrUo [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/DrDomPimenta/status/1471094002808242177

GeneName:DICER1 PMID (PubMed ID): PMCID: PMC6418698 PMID: 30672147 HGNCID: NOT LISTED<br /> Inheritance Pattern: Autosomal Dominant Disease Entity: Cancer; benign and malignant tumors including pleuropulmonary blastoma, cystic nephroma, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, multinodular goiter, Thryoid cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, and pineoblastoma. Mutation: Somatic missense variation Mutation type: missense Zygosity: None stated Variant: unregistered…. Family Information: Characterize germline variants in familial early-onset clorectal cancer patients; The observation of germline DICER1 variation with uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma merits additional investigation. CasePresentingHPOs: uterine and rectal cancers in germline mutation

GeneName = DICER1 PMID = 29762508 HGNCID = Can't find Inheritance pattern = Autosomal dominant Disease entity = cancer, multinodular goiter, pleuropulmonary blastoma, cystic nephroma, ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor Mutation = germline OR somatic Zygosity = causes loss of heterozygosity Variant = unregistered Family = those with the mutation almost always passed it on

Harris, J. E. (2021). COVID-19 Incidence and Hospitalization During the Delta Surge Were Inversely Related to Vaccination Coverage Among the Most Populous U.S. Counties (p. 2021.08.17.21262195). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.17.21262195

ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh]. (2021, November 26). RT @mvankerkhove: I thank researchers from 🇿🇦 and 🇧🇼 for sharing information with @WHO & the world about B.1.1.529 variant that has been re… [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1464196599773642779

ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh]. (2021, November 26). RT @timcolbourn: @kallmemeg so no cases of B.1.1.529 cases in UK as of Mon 22nd Nov? Do you know when the S-gene drop out PCR results for… [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1464320681315905542

Pfizer and BioNTech Provide Update on Omicron Variant | Pfizer. (n.d.). Retrieved April 22, 2022, from https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-provide-update-omicron-variant

ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh]. ‘RT @vikkypaedia: B.1.1.529 Seems to Have Gone from 0.1% to 50% in Just a Couple of Weeks, When It Took Delta Several Months to Achieve That…’. Tweet. Twitter, 26 November 2021. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1464194450406752282.

ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh]. ‘RT @Tuliodna: Busy Day on B.1.1.529 - a Variant of Great Concern - The World Should Provide Support to South Africa and Africa and Not Dis…’. Tweet. Twitter, 25 November 2021. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1464130377178619904.

ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh]. (2021, November 26). RT @macroliter: 👋Hi Journalists! Are you interested in covering the new B.1.1.529 #B11529 variant🦠? Here’s a link to a TABLE with the name… [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1464195246175272984

ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh]. ‘RT @AdamJKucharski: Not a Thread, but Key Point: 6/6 Https://T.Co/LpCs46qSk6’. Tweet. Twitter, 25 November 2021. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1464133953493815296.

Varmus, H. (2021, August 31). Covid has revealed the need for genomic sequencing around the world. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/342fd3c3-5a22-49a0-9cef-135f2ccd8700

The Guardian. ‘We Can Prevail over Omicron. We Just Need to Use the Tools We Have’, 1 December 2021, sec. Opinion. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/dec/01/we-can-prevail-over-omicron-use-tools-we-have.

Pérez-Then, E., Lucas, C., Monteiro, V. S., Miric, M., Brache, V., Cochon, L., Vogels, C. B. F., Cruz, E. D. la, Jorge, A., Santos, M. D. los, Leon, P., Breban, M. I., Billig, K., Yildirim, I., Pearson, C., Downing, R., Gagnon, E., Muyombwe, A., Razeq, J., … Iwasaki, A. (2021). Immunogenicity of heterologous BNT162b2 booster in fully vaccinated individuals with CoronaVac against SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta and Omicron: The Dominican Republic Experience (p. 2021.12.27.21268459). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.27.21268459

Nathan Grubaugh [@NathanGrubaugh]. (2021, September 24). Hi @Newsweek 👋. I understand that #variant news has been slow recently with the near-complete dominance of Delta, but do you really need to go and make things up? Lineage R.1 is not a concern. Let me briefly explain why. (1/4) https://t.co/OD46PsXZEu [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/NathanGrubaugh/status/1441522760832933888

Levine-Tiefenbrun, M., Yelin, I., Alapi, H., Katz, R., Herzel, E., Kuint, J., Chodick, G., Gazit, S., Patalon, T., & Kishony, R. (2021). Viral loads of Delta-variant SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections after vaccination and booster with BNT162b2. Nature Medicine, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01575-4

Morris, J. (2021, August 17). Israeli data: How can efficacy vs. severe disease be strong when 60% of hospitalized are vaccinated? Covid Data Science. https://www.covid-datascience.com/post/israeli-data-how-can-efficacy-vs-severe-disease-be-strong-when-60-of-hospitalized-are-vaccinated

Scott, national medical reporter S., & Thorne, the S. R. T. L. (2021, July 5). The Delta COVID variant is spreading overseas. Here’s why experts say it’s “absolutely essential” to protect children. ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-07-06/children-need-covid-protection-vaccines-experts-say/100269228

Sanderson, K. (2021). COVID vaccines protect against Delta, but their effectiveness wanes. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02261-8

Carl T. Bergstrom. (2021, August 18). 1. There has been lots of talk about recent data from Israel that seem to suggest a decline in vaccine efficacy against severe disease due to Delta, waning protection, or both. This may have even been a motivation for Biden’s announcement that the US would be adopting boosters. [Tweet]. @CT_Bergstrom. https://twitter.com/CT_Bergstrom/status/1427767356600688646

Tao, K., Tzou, P. L., Nouhin, J., Gupta, R. K., de Oliveira, T., Kosakovsky Pond, S. L., Fera, D., & Shafer, R. W. (2021). The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nature Reviews Genetics, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-021-00408-x

Eric Topol. (2021, June 9). Despite increasing incentives, the US vaccination campaign is really struggling. Notably, the top 5 states are approaching 60% total population fully vaccinated which should provide strong protection vs the delta variant. A different story for the bottom 5 states @OurWorldInData https://t.co/boqk3Khhuc [Tweet]. @EricTopol. https://twitter.com/EricTopol/status/1402413221667954690

Adam Kucharski. (2021, March 11). New summary report on SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants of interest in the UK: https://t.co/hJFljrN22E via @fact_covid https://t.co/43EYkfYzJO [Tweet]. @AdamJKucharski. https://twitter.com/AdamJKucharski/status/1370036245557051401

Carlos del Rio. (2021, April 7). U.K. variant now dominant form of COVID in US ⁦@CDCDirector⁩ As predicted B.1.1.7 is now the predominant SARS-CoV-2 strain in the US. Let’s remember it is much more transmissible and likely also more severe. Vaccines do cover it. ⁦@ajc⁩ https://t.co/Wc4oaYkxqR [Tweet]. @CarlosdelRio7. https://twitter.com/CarlosdelRio7/status/1379816377356333057

Hilda Bastian, PhD. (2021, February 6). Unofficial unnamed AstraZeneca insider says they are doing the interim analysis for the US trial of the Oxford vaccine. AstraZeneca spokesperson says 4-6 weeks till data release. Https://t.co/VUHgbHN02d One is wrong? Or they’ll release only when have FDA minimum follow-up? Https://t.co/LgjfX8AIti [Tweet]. @hildabast. https://twitter.com/hildabast/status/1357862227106095105

Alessandro Vespignani. (2021, April 14). “Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil”—P.1 may be 1.7–2.4-fold more transmissible—Previous (non-P.1) infection provides 54–79% of the protection against infection with P.1 that it provides against non-P.1 lineages https://t.co/aUpL4YOFYo https://t.co/YniaLb9YiF [Tweet]. @alexvespi. https://twitter.com/alexvespi/status/1382370044374511621

Joshua Weitz. (2021, April 7). The same approaches that work against SARS-CoV-2 work against variants like B.1.1.7: Mask Avoid indoor gatherings Socialize outdoors And, reinforces the need to continue to scale-up vaccine administration to all 16+. [Tweet]. @joshuasweitz. https://twitter.com/joshuasweitz/status/1379820197696180233

nature. (2021, April 16). Coronavirus variants: Where do they come from? How do we spot them? What do they mean for COVID vaccines, and future of the pandemic? Https://t.co/NRbORu2hoF [Tweet]. @Nature. https://twitter.com/Nature/status/1383093697374474240

Prof. Christina Pagel. (2021, December 29). Omicron was dominant everywhere in England by Christmas https://t.co/x58pJi7VcD [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1476161382852796419

Pan-Hammarström lab. (2022, January 7). Our new study: Heterogeneous vaccination strategy with inactivated vaccine + mRNA booster elicits strong B and T cell response against the WT and VOC including Omicron @VirusesImmunity https://t.co/aBiN9anMBL [Tweet]. @panhammarstrom. https://twitter.com/panhammarstrom/status/1479449892410044419

(20) Prof. Christina Pagel on Twitter: “THREAD (a bit delayed) on UK & covid: TLDR: flattish cases overall are masking differences between nations, regions & age groups. And we’re still out of whack with Europe. 1/20” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved October 4, 2021, from https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1443261013911085056

Anthony J Leonardi, PhD, MS. (2022, January 23). Calling all GBD fans, your continued reinfection loyalty card. Nice one, @PeteUK7 https://t.co/AEMpdI5sr9 [Tweet]. @fitterhappierAJ. https://twitter.com/fitterhappierAJ/status/1485260239557509128

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, March 8). RT @rozeggo: New study on mortality of B.1.1.7 using health records from England. We found the variant of concern (VOC) was 1.67x more like… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1369567353722310657

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, May 7). RT @kallmemeg: The @PHE_uk Variant Technical Briefing 10 now published Confirms B.1.617.2 upgraded to a VOC due to transmissibility conce… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1391209724285050883

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, February 9). RT @ChristoPhraser: Our paper on evaluating the first three months of the NHS COVID-19 app is out now as a pre-print. A 🧵 1/n https://t.co/… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1359132102927798275

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @AJWhisky: Missed this yesterday, but excellent once again from John. Largely reassuring on B.1.617.2 as things stand https://t.co/GtgJ…’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 21 May 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1391201750758031362

Prof. Christina Pagel. (2021, May 3). THREAD: Update on B.1.617 (‘India’) variant in England using latest data from the Sanger institute. This data excludes sequenced cases from travellers & surge testing so ‘should be an approximately random sample of positive tests in the community’ TLDR: warning signs! 1/10 https://t.co/0UzhM8GNIA [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1389273187586875396

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @dgurdasani1: The bigger picture is sadly that we’re seeing rapid spread of B.1.617.2 among school age children in many parts of England…’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 16 August 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1396887312059944962

(1) ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @ScottGottliebMD: The U.K. is experiencing a growing surge of COVID infections with a new variant that appears more pathogenic, and that…’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 21 June 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1402048528189300737

BU Epi COVID Response Corps. (2021, February 17). We’ve seen so many vaccine questions, we did two videos! Here’s part 1 of our vaccine FAQ: https://t.co/gYASlhiwmm [Tweet]. @EpiCOVIDCorps. https://twitter.com/EpiCOVIDCorps/status/1362099096102854657

Denise Dewald, MD 🗽. (2021, August 12). Here are some modeling predictions for the delta variant from COVSIM (group at North Carolina State): PLEASE CHECK THIS OUT - RESOURCES TO SHARE WITH YOUR SCHOOL DISTRICT School-level COVID-19 Modeling Results for North Carolina for #DeltaVariant https://t.co/zU5hB9bKlY [Tweet]. @denise_dewald. https://twitter.com/denise_dewald/status/1425626289399009288

Prof. Shane Crotty. (2021, October 15). And here https://t.co/aDPrQ17AUD [Tweet]. @profshanecrotty. https://twitter.com/profshanecrotty/status/1449030846711681025

Prof. Christina Pagel. (2021, May 23). LONG THREAD on B.1.617.2 & latest PHE data covering: 1) latest tech report on B.1.617.2 (aka ‘India’ variant) 2) vaccine efficacy against B.1.617.2 3) consequences for roadmap 4) avoidability... Or not. [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1396574267349872644

Marc Lipsitch. (2021, July 20). At the risk of boiling down too much and certainly losing some detail, one way to summarize this wonderful thread is that when we think about vaccine effectiveness, we should think of 4 key variables: 1 which vaccine, 2 age of the person, 3 how long after vax, 4 vs what outcome. [Tweet]. @mlipsitch. https://twitter.com/mlipsitch/status/1417595538632060931

Prof. Christina Pagel 🇺🇦. (2021, November 25). THREAD on the new variant B.1.1.529 summarising what is known from the excellent South African Ministry of Health meeting earlier today TLDR: So much uncertain but what is known is extremely worrying & (in my opinion) we should revise red list immediately. This is why: 1/16 [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1463885539619311616

BNO/Medriva Newsroom [@medriva]. (2021, November 26). South Africa’s health minister says, based on a small sample of Omicron cases, the majority of hospital patients are unvaccinated: ‘It indicates that the vaccines are providing protection’ [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/medriva/status/1464327805836083201

3 big questions about the Biden administration’s COVID response in 2022. (2021, December 30). PBS NewsHour. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/3-big-questions-about-the-biden-administrations-covid-response-in-2022

Abu-Raddad, L. J., Chemaitelly, H., Ayoub, H. H., AlMukdad, S., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., Coyle, P., Yassine, H. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Smatti, M. K., Al-Kanaani, Z., Al-Kuwari, E., Jeremijenko, A., Kaleeckal, A. H., Latif, A. N., Shaik, R. M., Abdul-Rahim, H. F., Nasrallah, G. K., Al-Kuwari, M. G., … Bertollini, R. (2022). Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 boosters against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) infection in Qatar (p. 2022.01.18.22269452). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.18.22269452

Prof. Shane Crotty. (2021, December 8). 3 studies today on antibodies & Omicron. 🔵 There may be a large drop in neutralization of Omicron 🔵 Antibodies stop Omicron well in hybrid immunity (infected+vax) 🔵 Sotrovimab is active versus Omicron Take home: Get vaccinated. Get boosted. Immune system is clever. 🧵 1/n [Tweet]. @profshanecrotty. https://twitter.com/profshanecrotty/status/1468390479280574472

Sample, I., & Walker, P. (2021, December 7). Scientists find ‘stealth’ version of Omicron that may be harder to track. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/07/scientists-find-stealth-version-of-omicron-not-identifiable-with-pcr-test-covid-variant

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey, UK: 29 October 2021, Office for National Statistics

Callaway, E. (2021). Heavily mutated Omicron variant puts scientists on alert. Nature, 600(7887), 21–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03552-w

Trevor Bedford on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 1 April 2022, from https://twitter.com/trvrb/status/1447566558973231104

ReconfigBehSci. (2022, February 27). RT @theosanderson: BA.1 and BA.2 prevalence by region from ONS Community Infection survey https://t.co/BkBFpP9O48 [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1498205787948294145

Mia Malan. (2021, November 25). [Thread] What is the potential impact of the new B.1.1.529 #COVID19 variant? @rjlessells: 1. It’s relatively simple to detect some B.1.1.529 cases, as it’s possible to use PCR tests to do this in some cases 2. B.1.1.529 = has many mutations across different parts of the virus https://t.co/ytktqLzJUi [Tweet]. @miamalan. https://twitter.com/miamalan/status/1463846528578109444

Coronavirus variant fear sparks Africa travel curbs. (2021, November 26). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-59424269

ReconfigBehSci. (2022, January 1). RT @wanderer_jasnah: Quick glance at B.1.640.2 before anyone asks me about it: It’s basically B.1.1.7 w/a large Spike NTD deletion. I see… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1478289563776962563

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘it seems just yesterday that Twitter was ablaze with “nobody has died of omicron”’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 29 March 2022, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1478483795863089154

ReconfigBehSci. (2022, January 5). RT @thehowie: "...Rapid antigen tests may not be as fit-for-purpose in routine workplace screening to prevent asymptomatic spread of Omicro… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1478796550004486151

Israel said delaying rollout of 4th COVID shots amid signs Omicron less severe | The Times of Israel. (n.d.). Retrieved 29 March 2022, from https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-said-to-delay-rollout-of-4th-covid-shots-amid-signs-omicron-less-severe/amp/

Jens von Bergmann. (2021, December 14). Every time a new variant with a selective advantage is making the rounds, but especially this time. Https://t.co/fDEq54nHCl [Tweet]. @vb_jens. https://twitter.com/vb_jens/status/1470604121640030214

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, December 5). RT @AnnaAlbecka: I guess Omicron is not going anywhere with already >5% of sequences in Belgium and Netherlands #Omicron https://t.co/b2Xs7… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1467821013941510145

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