420 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. for - The projected timing of climate departure from recent variability - Camilo Mora et al. - 6th mass extinction - biodiversity loss - question - 2024 - Sept 13 - how do we reconcile climate departure with quantification of earth system boundary biodiversity safe and just limit?

      paper details - title: The projected timing of climate departure from recent variability - author: - Camilo Mora, - Abby G. Frazier, - Ryan J. Longman, - Rachel S. Dacks, - Maya M. Walton, - Eric J. Tong, - Joseph J. Sanchez, - Lauren R. Kaiser, - Yuko O. Stender, - James M. Anderson, - Christine M. Ambrosino, - Iria Fernandez-Silva, - Louise M. Giuseffi, - Thomas W. Giambelluca - date - 9 October, 2013 - publication Nature 502, 183-187 (2013) - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12540 - https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12540

      to - https://hyp.is/0BdCglsHEe-2CteEQbOBfw/www.researchgate.net/publication/257598710_The_projected_timing_of_climate_departure_from_recent_variability

      Summary - This is an extremely important paper with a startling conclusion of the magnitude of the social and economic impacts of the biodiversity disruption coming down the pipeline - It is likely that very few governments are prepared to adapt to these levels of ecosystemic disruption - Climate departure is defined as an index of the year when: - The projected mean climate of a given location moves to a state that is - continuously outside the bounds of historical variability - Climate departure is projected to happen regardless of how aggressive our climate mitigation pathway - The business-as-usual (BAU) scenario in the study is RCP85 and leads to a global climate departure mean of 2047 (+/- 14 years s.d.) while - The more aggressive RCP45 scenario (which we are currently far from) leads to a global climate departure mean of 2069 (+/- 18 years s.d.) - So regardless of how aggressive we mitigate, we cannot avoid climate departure. - What consequences will this have on economies around the world? How will we adapt? - The world is not prepared for the vast ecosystem changes, which will reshape our entire economy all around the globe.

      question - 2024 - Sept 13 - how do we reconcile climate departure with quantification of earth system boundary biodiversity safe and just limit? - Annotating the Sept 11, 2024 published Earth Commission paper in Lancet, the question arises: - How do we reconcile climate departure dates with the earth system boundary quantification of safe limits for biodiversity? - There, it is claimed that: - 50 to 60 % of intact nature is required<br /> - https://hyp.is/Mt8ocnIEEe-C0dNSJFTjyQ/www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(24)00042-1/fulltext - a minimum of 20 to 25% of human modified ecosystems is required - https://hyp.is/AKwa4nIHEe-U1oNQDdFqlA/www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(24)00042-1/fulltext - in order to mitigate major species extinction and social disruption crisis - And yet, Mora et al.'s research and subsequent climate departure map shows climate departure is likely to take place everywhere on the globe, with - aggressive RCP decarbonization pathway only delaying climate departure from - Business-As-Usual RCP pathway - by a few decades at most - And this was a 2011 result. 13 years later in 2024, I expect climate departure dates have likely gotten worse and moved closer to the present

      from - Gupta, Joyeeta et al.(2024). A just world on a safe planet: a Lancet Planetary Health–Earth Commission report on Earth-system boundaries, translations, and transformations. The Lancet Planetary Health, Volume 0, Issue 0 - https://hyp.is/go?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelancet.com%2Fjournals%2Flanplh%2Farticle%2FPIIS2542-5196(24)00042-1%2Ffulltext&group=world

    1. for - earth system boundaries - safe and just earth system boundaries - cross translated - to cities and business - planetary boundaries - downscaled planetary boundaries - urban planetary boundaries - Johan Rockstrom - Xuemei Bao - Lancet paper - just and safe earth system boundaries - Earth Commission report

      paper details - title: A just world on a safe planet: a Lancet Planetary Health–Earth Commission report on Earth-system boundaries, translations, and transformations - authors: - Joyeeta Gupta - Xuemei Bao - Johan Rockstrom - Diana M Liverman <br /> - Dahe Qin - Ben Stewart-Koster - et al - publication: Lancet 2024, Sept 11

      summary

  2. Aug 2024
    1. by building on undeveloped land, “by definition, you’re going to incur a carbon debt that you may never be able to pay off,”

      for - unsustainable building

      unsustainable building - See Preservation Green lab report cited above

  3. Jun 2024
    1. Dem Global Energy Monitor zufolge sollen in den kommenden Jahren 1,5 Billionen Dollar in LNG Terminals und Pipelines investiert werden. 20% dieser Summe sind für Europa geplant und hier wiederum ein großer Teil für Anlagen in Griechenland. Die USA lobbyieren in Mittel- und Südosteuropa intensiv, um ihr LNG dort zu verkaufen. Der subventionierte Aufbau von Gasinfrastruktur übersteigt den europäischen Bedarf bei weitem. Reportage in der New York Times zum Gasboom in Griechenland. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/31/climate/greece-europe-natural-gas-lng.html

  4. May 2024
    1. Ein neuer Bericht von Bloomberg kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Kosten für das Erreichen von der Zero 2050 deutlich höher sind als bisher angenommen. Wenn man nicht nur heute schon wettbewerbsfähige Technologien verwendet, müssen 19% zusätzlich investiert werden. Insgesamt würde die erforderliche Infrastruktur 215 Billionen Dollar Investitionen erfordern. Verlässt man sich auf wettbewerbsfähige Energien, wird die globale Durchschnittstemperatur sich auf etwa 2,6 Grad erhöhen, wobei auch dieses Szenario mehr Anstrengung erfordert, als von den Staaten jetzt geplant ist. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-21/key-takeaways-from-bloombergnef-s-new-energy-outlook?srnd=green

    1. Ausführliche Berichte thematisieren die großen Hindernisse, die in Frankreich für die just transition zu einem nachhaltigen Leben bestehen. Die Klimakrise wird in allen Schichten als Bedrohung wahrgenommen, aber in den ärmeren Gruppen sieht man viel weniger Handlungsmöglichkeiten. https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/fin-du-monde-ou-fin-de-mois-quels-sont-les-freins-a-la-conversion-ecologique-des-classes-populaires-20231118_72LRGBQFONDVFJJY26JU5X2JQY/

      Bericht des Wirtschafts-, Sozial- und Umweltrates: https://www.lecese.fr/sites/default/files/pdf/Avis/2023/2023_24_RAEF.pdf

      Bericht des Wirtschaftsinstituts für das Klima: https://www.i4ce.org/publication/transition-est-elle-accessible-a-tous-les-menages-climat/

    1. 2023 Production Gap Report: Die USA, Russland und Saudi-Arabien planen wie die Mehrheit der 20 am meisten fossile Brennstoffe produzierenden Staaten, 2030 mehr Öl zu fördern als je zuvor. Indien will die Kohleproduktion bis 2030 verdoppeln, Kanada die Öl- und Gasförderung in 25 Jahren um 25% steigern. Brasilien will in 10 Jahren die Ölproduktion um 2/3, die Gasproduktion um 100% steigern. China, Deutschland, Großbritannien und Norwegen wollen die Produktion reduzieren. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/climate/coming-soon-more-oil-gas-and-coal.html

    1. Neuer Bericht des Global Energy Monitor zur fossilen Expansion. 45 Öl- und Gasprojekte sind vollständig in Gang gesetzt worden seit die IEA 2021 festgestellt hat, dass weitere Öl- und Gasprojekte die Einhaltung des 1,5°-Ziels unmöglich machen. Sie werden zu 16 Milliarden Barrel Öl-Äquivalent Förderung führen. Bis 2030 will die Ölindustrie die Förederung aus insgesamt 64 neuentdeckten Lagern auf 31 Mrd, Barrel steigern. Die USA ist bei der Entwicklung führend, gefolgt von Guyana. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/mar/28/oil-and-gas-fossil-fuels-report

      Bericht: https://globalenergymonitor.org/report/drilling-deeper-2024-global-oil-gas-extraction-tracker/

    1. Die Pläne der Kohle-, Öl- und gasproduzierenden Staaten zur Ausweitung der Förderung würden 2030 zu 460% mehr Kohle, 83% mehr Gas und 29% mehr Ölproduktion führen, als mit dem Pariser Abkommen vereinbar ist. Der aktuelle Production Gap Report der Vereinten Nationen konzentriert sich auf die 20 stärksten Verschmutzer-Staaten, deren Pläne fast durchgängig in radikalem Widerspruch zum Pariser Abkommen stehen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/nov/08/insanity-petrostates-planning-huge-expansion-of-fossil-fuels-says-un-report

      Report: https://productiongap.org/

  5. Apr 2024
    1. Eine Gruppe von NGOs hat ein Konzept für eine Klimaschaden-Steuer ausgearbeitet, zu der Öl- und Gasgesellschaften ausgehend vom von ihnen verursachten CO2-Ausstoß herangezogen würden. Würde die Steuer in den OECD-Ländern mit 5$ pro Kilotonne CO2 beginnen und sich jährlich um weitere 5$ erhöhen, stünden 2030 jährlich 900 Milliarden $ vor allem für den Loss and Damage Fund zur Verfügung, der bei der COP28 beschlossen wurde.

      https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/29/taxing-big-fossil-fuel-firms-raise-billions-climate-finance

      Bericht: https://www.greenpeace.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/CDT_guide_2024_embargoed_version.pdf

    1. Die Konzentration der drei wichtigsten Treibhausgase CO<sub>2</sub>, Methan und NO<sub>2</sub> hat 2023 neue Rekordwerte erreicht. Die Daten der amerikanischen NOAA zeigen, dass sich der Anstieg im Durchschnitt der letzten Jahre nicht verlangsamt hat, auch wenn er in manchen Vorjahren noch steiler verlief. Die CO<sub>2</sub>-Konzentation liegt 50% höher als in der vorindustriellen Zeit und entspricht der vor 4 Millionen Jahren. Die Atmosphäre enthält 160% mehr Methan als vor der Industrialisierung. Außer dem Verbrennen von Kohle, Öl und Gas ist die industrielle Landwirtschaft Hauptursache der Treibhausgas-Konzentration. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/06/record-highs-heat-trapping-gases-climate-crisis

      Bericht: https://research.noaa.gov/2024/04/05/no-sign-of-greenhouse-gases-increases-slowing-in-2023/

  6. Mar 2024
    1. A nice and easy way to report results of an ANOVA in R is with the report() function from the {report} package:
    1. Die weltwetterorganisation WMO fast in ihrem Bericht über 2023 die Daten verschiedener Services zusammen und kommt zu dramatischen Aussagen über die Entwicklung der Temperatur auf der Erdoberfläche insbesondere insgesamt und besonders an der Oberfläche der Meere. Gleichzeitig ergibt eine Studie der BU Wien dass die Prognosen vieler, darunter großer starken über die Entwicklung der Emissionen deutlich zu optimistisch sind. https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000212370/weltwetterorganisation-zeichnet-duesteres-bild-vom-klima-des-letzten-jahres

    1. Die Gewinne von Shell sind 2023 auf 28 Milliarden Dollar gesunken; 2022 hatten sie 40 Milliarden Dollar betragen. Trotzdem war 2022 eines der erforlgreichsten Jahre der Firmengeschichte; die Dividenden sollen erhöht werden. Greenpeace reagierte mit einer satirischen Party, bei der die Verbrennung der Zukunft gefeiert wird. U.a. mit Projekten in Brasilien und im Golf von Mexiko setzt Shell die fossile Expansion fort. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2024/feb/01/shell-to-raise-dividends-again-despite-30-fall-in-annual-profits

    1. Die Europäische Umweltagentur hat ihren ersten Klimarisiko-Bericht veröffentlicht. Von 36 Risiken erfordern 21 sofortiges Handeln, acht mit besonderer Dringlichkeit. Insgesamt sei Europa bei weitem nicht ausreichend auf die Risiken der globalen Erhitzung vorbereitet, die in Südeuropa am bedrohlichsten seien. Europa ist der von der Erhitzung am stärksten betroffene Kontinent. https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000211032/eu-muss-sich-auf-katastrophale-folgen-des-klimawandels-vorbereiten

      Bericht: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/european-climate-risk-assessment

  7. Feb 2024
    1. Die Selbstverpflichtungen der Regierungen zur Dekarbonisierung reichen bei weitem nicht aus. Ein Bericht, der von den Vereinten Nationen als Grundlage für die kommende COP28 publiziert wurde, ergibt, dass 2030 etwa 20 bis 23 Gigatonnen mehr CO<sub>2</sub> emittiert werden sollen, als mit dem 1,5 °-Ziel verträglich wäre. Zum ersten Mal wird in einem offiziellen UN-Dokument das Ende der Nutzung fossiler Brennstoffe gefordert. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/08/un-report-calls-for-phasing-out-of-fossil-fuels-as-paris-climate-goals-being-missed

      Bericht: https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/EMBARGOED_DRAFT_Sythesis-report-of-the-technical-dialogue-of-the-first-global-stocktake.pdf

      Bericht: https://unfccc.int/documents/631600

    1. Der CO<sub>2</sub>-Gehalt der Atmosphäre wird 2024 weiter steigen, so dass die vom IPCC erarbeiteten Pfade, um das 1,5°-Ziel einzuhalten, nicht mehr eingehalten werden können. Das ergibt sich aus einer Studie des britischen Met Office, die sich auf die Daten des Mauna Loa-Observatoriums in Hawai stützt. (Die obere Grenze der Unsicherheitsbereiche dieser Pfade ist erreicht, selbst wenn der El-Niño-Einfluss abgezogen wird. Ein Einhalten der Pfade würde ein sofortiges Absinken des CO<sub>2</sub>-Gehalts erfordern.) https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat-les-concentrations-de-co2-cette-annee-menacent-la-limite-de-15c-daugmentation-globale-des-temperatures-20240119_6JIALPQDBNADFGNHS4MVDXR5QA/?redirected=1

      Animation: https://youtu.be/RYPDvTWDi0E?si=wWEUnypFxQO8M9D7

      Bericht: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/seasonal-to-decadal/long-range/forecasts/co2-forecast-for-2024

  8. Jan 2024
    1. Die obersten 2000 m der Ozeane haben 2023 15 Zettajoule Wärme mehr absorbiert als 2022. Die Erwärmung dieser Schichten verringert den Austausch mit den kälteren unteren Schichten und belastet die marinen Ökosysteme dadurch zusätzlich. Bisher sind keine Zeichen für eine Beschleunigung der Zunahme des Wärmehinhalts im Verhältnis zu den Vorjahren zu erkennen. Die Oberflächentemperatur der Ozeane lag im ersten Halbjahr 0,1°, im zweiten Halbjahr aber für die Wissenschaft überraschende 0,3 Grad über der des Jahres 2022. Schwere Zyklone, darunter der längste bisher beobachtete überhaupt, trafen vor allem besonders vulnerable Gebiete.

      https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/jan/11/ocean-warming-temperatures-2023-extreme-weather-data

      Study: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00376-024-3378-5

      Report: https://www.globalwater.online/#content

    1. Im Interview der Repubblica (hier auf Englisch) fordert Johan Rockström eine Konkretisierung der Ergebnisse der COP28 und eine Reform der UN-Klimakonferenzen. Er hebt die Ergebnisse des Global Tipping Points Report hervor und weist darauf hin, dass wir die Konsequenzen der kaum noch zu Überschreitung des 1,5°-Ziels über mehrere Jahrzehnte nicht kennen.

      https://www.greenandblue.it/2023/12/31/news/johan_rockstrom_earth4all_scenarios-421790005/

  9. Dec 2023
    1. Laut Oxfam haben die reichen Länder 2020 nur 21-24,5 Milliarden Dollar tatsächliche Klimahilfen an den globalen Süden bezahlt. Ausgehend von ihrem Climate Finance Shadow Report 2023 kritisiert die NGO die Behauptung, es seien 2022 erstmals die vereinbarten 100 Milliarden zur Verfügung gestelt worden. https://taz.de/Faule-Klima-Entschaedigungen/!5973353/

  10. Nov 2023
    1. excessive expectations and reliance on CCUS
      • for: quote - Carbon Capture expectations - unfeasible

      • quote

        • If oil and natural gas consumption were to evolve as projected under today’s policy settings, this would require an inconceivable 32 billion tonnes of carbon captured for utilisation or storage by 2050,
          • including 23 billion tonnes via direct air capture to limit the temperature rise to 1.5 °C.
        • The necessary carbon capture technologies would require 26 000 terawatt hours of electricity generation to operate in 2050,
          • which is more than global electricity demand in 2022.
        • And it would require over USD 3.5 trillion in annual investments all the way from today through to mid-century, which is an amount equal to the entire industry’s annual average revenue in recent years.
      • for: IEA 2023 report - exec summary - Fossil Fuel industry, IEA 2023 report - exec summary - Oil and Gas industry

      • summary

        • this is the IEA summary of the position of the Oil and Gas industry and what they must do in order to transition to a net zero world by 2050 and avert 1.5 Deg C global mean temperature.
        • it contains a lot of useful information and statistics
    1. Wenn die Länder sich an ihre aktuellen Planungen halten, werden die Emissionen bis 2030 im Verhältnis zu 2010 um 9% wachsen. Für das 1,5°-Ziel müssten sie um fast 50% fallen. Der Global stocktake report der UN zeigt vor der COP28, dass die meisten Nationen bei weiten nicht genug Schritte zur Reduktion der Emissionen unternehmen. Zu ähnlichen Ergebnissen war der Bericht "State of Climate Action 2023" gekommen. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/14/climate/united-nations-ndc-report-card.html

      Bericht: https://unfccc.int/documents/632334

    1. Hitzebedingte Todesfälle bei über 65-Jährigen haben seit den 90ern um 85% zugenommen. Senior:innen sind – wie kleine Kinder – zweimal soviel Hitzewellen-Tagen ausgesetzt wie 1986-2005. Extreme Hitze führte 2022 zu Produktivitätsverlusten von ca. 863 Milliarden USD. Alle Indikatoren für öffentliche Gesundheit haben sich in den letzten 9 Jahren verschlechtert. – Die NYT stellt den 2023 Report des Lancet Countdown ausführlich dar. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/14/climate/climate-change-health-effects-lancet.html

      Mehr zum Rreport: https://hypothes.is/search?q=tag%3A%222023%20report%20of%20the%20Lancet%20Countdown%20on%20health%20and%20climate%20change%22

    1. Ausführlicher Kommentar zu den 2,4 Billionen (Tausend Milliarden, im Artikel falsch übersetzt) Dollar, die laut dem COP27-Bericht von 2022 erforderlich sind, um Klimaschutz und -Anpassung in den Ländern des globalen Südens (außer China) zu finanzieren. Der auf Konsens ausgerichtete COP-Prozess sei außerstande, die nötigen Entscheidungen zu treffen. Der Betrag entspricht grob den aktuellen weltweiten Militärausgaben. https://www.repubblica.it/commenti/2023/11/19/news/cambiamenti_climatici_spesa_annua-420689085/?ref=RHRT-BG-I279994148-P4-S3-T1

    1. Der Emissions Gap Report 2023 des UN-Umweltprogramms (Titel: Broken Rekord) zeigt, dass sich die Welt nach wie vor auf eine Erhitzung um 2,5-2,9° zubewegt. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit dafür, dass das 1,5°-Ziel noch erreicht wird, liegt bei höchstens 14%. Der Treibhausgasausstoß erreichte einen historischen Rekord; er war 2022 1,2% höher als 2021. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000195965/welt-steuert-auf-drei-grad-erhitzung-zu-methan

      Bericht: https://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2023

    1. Der westantarktische Eisschild wird in diesem Jahrhundert dreimal schneller abschmelzen als im vergangenen, selbst wenn es gelingt, die globale Erhitzung auf 1,5 Grad zu begrenzen. Einer neuen Studie zufolge wurde einer der Kipppunkte, unterhalb derer das Klimasystem stabil bleibt, überschritten. Dadurch wird es zu einem so großen Anstieg des Meeresspiegels kommen, dass mehrere Küstenstädte aufgegeben werden müssen. Die Studie stützt sich nur auf eine einzige Modellierung, wird aber von den Ergebnissen anderer Untersuchungen ergänzt. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/23/rapid-ice-melt-in-west-antarctica-now-inevitable-research-shows

      Studie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01818-x

    1. Die Menschheit bewegt sich auf mehrere "Risiko-Kipppunkte" zu. Wenn sie überschritten werden, sinkt die Fähigkeit, Unglücke zu überstehen, erheblich. In einer Studie der UN University (mit Sitz in Deutschland) werden sechs dieser Punkte untersucht, etwa der Punkt, an dem sich Gebäude nicht mehr versichern lassen. Diese ökologisch-sozialen Schwellenwerte unterscheiden sich von den durch verstärkendes Feedback charakterisierten Kipppunkten im Sinn der Erdsystem-Wissenschaften. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/25/climate-crisis-threatens-tipping-point-of-uninsurable-homes-says-un

      Studie: https://interconnectedrisks.org/

      Mehr zum 2023 Interconnected Disaster Risks Report: Studie: https://interconnectedrisks.org/

    1. Die italienische NGO Legambiente ruft dazu auf, ein Manifest zum Schutz der Alpengletscher zu unterschreiben. Es fördert Governance auf nationaler wie auf europäischer Ebene. Es bezieht sich auf Klimaschutz- wie auf Anpassungsmaßnahmen. Dabei wird auf zentrale Dokumente und Vereinbarungen zum Schutz der alpinen Ökosysteme und der Kryosphäre zurückgegriffen. https://www.repubblica.it/green-and-blue/2023/10/27/news/legambiente_petizione_ghiacciai-418888279/

      Manifest für die Governance der Gletscher und mit ihnen verbundener Ressourcen: https://www.legambiente.it/rapporti-e-osservatori/manifesto-per-una-governance-dei-ghiacciai-e-delle-risorse-connesse/?_gl=11cfz0u4_upMQ.._gaMTkwMjI0NzAzMy4xNjk4Mzg4MDI5_ga_LX7CNT6SDN*MTY5ODM4ODAyNy4xLjAuMTY5ODM4ODAyNy4wLjAuMA..

    1. Ein neuer Bericht der europäischen Kommission sagt aus, dass die EU dreimal so schnell dekarbonisieren muss wie bisher, um das Ziel zu erreichen, die Emissionen bis 2030 um 55% zu reduzieren. Den Zahlen der European Environment Agency zufolge reicht der gegenwärtige Kurs nur für eine Reduzierung um 43%. Ein Haupthindernis sind die enorm hohen fossilen Subventionen. Die Selbstverpflichtungen von EU-Staaten vor der COP28 treffen z.T. verspätet ein, und die vorliegenden sind einem Bericht des Climate Action Network zufolge sehr unzureichend. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/24/eu-must-cut-emissions-three-times-more-quickly-report-says

      State of the Energy Union: https://energy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-10/COM_2023_650_1_EN_ACT_part1_v10.pdf CAN-Bericht: https://caneurope.org/content/uploads/2023/10/NECPs_Assessment-Report_October2023.pdf

  11. Oct 2023
    1. Die Erde befindet sich bereits in einem "uncharted territory". 20 von 35 Indikatoren, mit denen sich das Funktionieren des Klimasystems beurteilen lässt, zeigen inzwischen extreme Werte. Die aktualisierte Version einer von den renommiertesten Erdsystemwissenschaftler:innen erstellten (und von 2000 Wissenschaftlern unterzeichneten Studie) von 2019 kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Warnungen aus der Wissenschaft, den Planeten nicht überzubelasten, nicht rechtzeitig ernst genommen wurden und das Erdsystem seinen stabilen Zustand verlassen hat. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/24/earth-vital-signs-human-history-scientists-sustainable-future

      Report: https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biad080

    1. Die Internationale Energieagentur IEA hält eine Begrenzung der globalen Erhitzung aufgrund des schnellen Wachstums bei den erneuerbaren Energien für sehr schwierig, aber noch möglich. In ihrem Jahresbericht kommt sie zu dem Ergebnis, dass der Höhepunkt der Nachfrage nach Kohle, Gas und Öl bis 2030 erreicht werden wird. Die Energiepolitik der wichtigen Staaten ist aber bei der Umstellung auf Erneuerbare bei weitem nicht so ehrgeizig, als es nötig ist. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/grace-aux-energies-bas-carbone-limiter-le-rechauffement-climatique-reste-possible-affirme-lagence-internationale-de-lenergie-20231024_YF7ZJA7WBFACRFIVCBRONJPKAA/

      World Energy Outlook 2023: https://origin.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2023

      Mehr zum World Energy Outlook 2023: https://hypothes.is/search?q=tag%3A%22report%3A%20World%20Energy%20Outlook%202023%22

    1. Zwischen 2016 und 2021 wurden weltweit mindestens 43,1 Millionen Kinder durch klimabedingte Wetterereignisse wie Überschwemmungen, Stürme, Dürren und Waldbrände vertrieben. Bei diesen Angaben aus einem neuen Unicef-Report handelt es sich um Mindestzahlen; die realen Werte dürften weit höher liegen. Der Bericht prognostiziert Verschlimmerungen bis hin zu mehr als einer Verdoppelung dieser Zahlen bis 2050. https://taz.de/Unicef-Bericht-zum-Klimawandel/!5964808/

      Bericht: https://www.unicef.org/reports/children-displaced-changing-climate

    1. Angesichts der Temperaturrekorde im September fasst Adam Morton im Guardian die Kernaussagen des Net Zero Road-Berichts der IEA zusammen. Die Erhitzung kann danach noch gestoppt werden, wenn die Investitionen in Erneuerbare weiter schnell gesteigert werden und wenn nicht mehr in die Entwicklung fossiler Energien investiert wird. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/commentisfree/2023/oct/05/global-heating-weather-temperatures-climate-impact

  12. Sep 2023
    1. Her scholarly agenda also is cutting edge in a post-pandemic worldthat needs more attention given to the technological innovations in legal practice andthe quickly transitioning areas of AI in the landscape of legal research, technologicalcompetence for lawyers, evolution of law practice management, and technologytraining programs in law schools

      Good thing to mention in report

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    1. in Sweden, the Swedish parliament, which is completely set up by citizens – set up by citizens for citizens. They've produced a fantastic report. Detailed, rich report from citizens about how you could deliver budgets that are... from colleagues' and myself work on this, would say are broadly in line with somewhere between 1.5 and 2 [°C].
      • for: Swedish climate report, cidtizen action, bottom-up climate action, top-down and bottom-up partnership
      • future research

        • study the Swedish parliament climate policy model and citizen's roles in achieving it and see if it can be replicated in all countries
      • question

        • is there anyone studying this with the object of scaling to other countries?
    1. Social tipping points and physical tipping points are interrelated. With environmental stress, the former could arrive before the latter, and then cascades develop. Hamburg Climate Futures Outlook 2023: https://www.cliccs.uni-hamburg.de/results/hamburg-climate-futures-outlook.html
      • for: TPF
      • comment
        • Hamburg climate futures outlook 2023 report supports need for something on the scale of the planned TPF
  13. Aug 2023
    1. Now, award-winning poet Nicole Sealey revisits the investigation in a book that redacts the report, an act of erasure that reimagines the original text as it strips it away. While the full document is visible in the background—weighing heavily on the language Sealey has preserved—it gives shape and disturbing context to what remains.
  14. Jul 2023
      • Title
        • Psychology and Global Climate Change: Addressing a Multi-faceted Phenomenon and Set of Challenges A Report by the American Psychological Association’s Task Force on the Interface Between Psychology and Global Climate Change
      • Authors
        • Janet Swim
        • Susan Clayton
        • Thomas Doherty
        • Robert Gifford
        • George Howard
        • Joseph Reser
        • Paul Stern
        • Elke Weber
  15. Jun 2023
    1. there came in Britain at the cusp of the1920s and 1930s the Board of Education’s reports on a range of educationaltopics under the chairmanship of Sir William Hadow.
    2. Given the committee’s constitution, it’s all the more remarkable that itproduced probably the single strongest official impetus for progressive educationin the 20th century anywhere in the world.

      Gary Thomas feels that the 1960s Plowden Report was the strongest official impetus for progressive education in the 20th century.

      He suggest that it was a natural successor to the Hadow Report.

  16. May 2023
  17. Apr 2023
    1. Peer review report

      Title: Publication Patterns and Perceptions of Open Science in Indian Scholarly Community: Insights from a Survey

      version: 2

      Referee: Moumita Koley

      Institution: Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

      email: moumitakoley@iisc.ac.in

      ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2394-0663


      General assessment

      The author of the article provides a limited perspective on Publication Patterns and Perceptions of Open Science in the Indian Scholarly Community. This article sheds some light on open science practices, considering the scarcity of data on this topic. The main drawbacks, the survey conducted in the article is the only methodology used, and it is limited to a small group of researchers. Understanding publication patterns (Open Access publication and use of preprints) should be made using bibliometric studies. Another drawback of the article is that it primarily focuses on researchers from the agriculture field, which is over-represented and makes it misleading to claim that the study represents the entire Indian scholarly community. This is particularly problematic since the physical and chemical sciences dominate the Indian research community, and data from these fields are entirely absent in the article.


      Essential revisions that are required to verify the manuscript

      This study is at an early stage; more data points and representations of various fields are necessary to claim validity. Moreover, a mixed-method approach is more suitable.


      Other suggestions to improve the manuscript

      The introduction section mentions several preprint servers, but some are not operational. For example, ArabiXiv is not accepting new submissions, and IndiaRxiv has few submissions. Since there are limited responses from other South Asian countries, the author has chosen to focus on India. However, it is unclear if the percentages of career levels of professionals are representative of India alone.

      One drawback of this article is the over-representation of researchers from the agriculture field. In the Indian ecosystem, agricultural research institutes are separate from the general university system and governed by different funding and governance systems. Therefore, the norms and practices can vary significantly.

      In the STEM subjects, Chemical Sciences contributed the most publications in India from 2015-2019, followed by Physical Sciences. Biological Sciences had fewer publications during this period(the method used for this statement: a quick search in the Web of Science). However, this data does not represent the publication behaviour of the major constituents (Physical and Chemical Science) of the Indian academic community. Therefore, it is suggested to shift the narrative towards agricultural science.

      The statement "patent and scholarly data website, India has produced 19,76,966 scholarly works till date" lacks a timeframe.

      The APC section statements are unclear. As far as current knowledge goes, no study has shown a correlation between JIF and APC. The statement "Was it because of JIFs they must publish in Open Access when there is Green Route to Open Access (depositing in subject or institutional repositories)" is unclear. Moreover, while Indian national funding agencies have green OA mandates, they have not been enforced. Several studies indicate that Indian researchers' adoption of green OA is low, so authors have no obligation to publish OA.

      The article concludes that advocacy is needed, but it is essential to understand the research assessment frameworks of Indian academia and funding agencies. Without recognition in assessment, researchers are unlikely to adopt Preprints. Preprint submission is becoming the norm in some disciplines, which may improve the situation.


      Decision

      Requires revisions: The manuscript contains objective errors or fundamental flaws that must be addressed and/or major revisions are suggested.

    1. Peer review report

      Title: Maintained imbalance of triglycerides, apolipoproteins, energy metabolites and cytokines in long-term COVID-19 syndrome (LTCS) patients

      version: 1

      Referee: Paola Turano

      Institution: University of Florence

      email: turano@cerm.unifi.it

      ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7683-8614


      General assessment

      This is an integrated study reporting NMR-based metabolomics data and flow cytometry-based cytokine in the blood of 125 individuals (healthy controls (HC; n=73), COVID-19-recovered (n=12), COVID-19 acute (n=7) and LTCS (n=33)).

      The main goal appears to be that of demonstrating alterations in the metabolome and immune markers of patients with long COVID. This condition is defined as the continuation or development of new symptoms 3 months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, with these symptoms lasting for at least 2 months with no other explanation.

      As admitted by the authors, the 4 groups are very unbalanced in terms of numbers of enrolled subjects; moreover, all numbers are low but those in the recovered groups and even more in the acute phase are extremely low. Therefore, the only reliable comparison appears to be that between HC and LTCS. And this is a pity because the most important comparison to define the signature associated with long-COVID symptoms would have been the one between recovered and LTCS subjects.

      Another problem is that there is no information on the status of the LTCS before infection nor during the acute phase. This, combined with the low number of individuals, does not allow to draw a real trajectory of the alterations during the observed time line. It is therefore difficult to be 100% sure that alterations in certain metabolites of lipoproteins are a consequence of LTCS or instead intrinsic characteristics of a group of individual that make them more prone to develop LTCS.

      These critical aspects have nothing to do with the experimental approach, which is powerful and carefully performed. Unfortunately, the available cohort is not the best to achieve the goal of a molecular characterization of LTCS.

      In any case the present manuscript provides useful hints to be further investigated in future studies and therefore might deserve publication.


      Essential revisions that are required to verify the manuscript

      If it were possible to enlarge the cohort of patients, confirming the observed trends, this would lead to a significant improvement in the impact of the work. But I understand the practical difficulties in achieving this goal.


      Decision

      Verified with reservations: The content is academically sound but has shortcomings that could be improved by further studies and/or minor revisions.

    2. Peer review report

      Title: Maintained imbalance of triglycerides, apolipoproteins, energy metabolites and cytokines in long-term COVID-19 syndrome (LTCS) patients

      version: 1

      Referee: Christopher Gerner

      Institution: University of Vienna

      email: Christopher.gerner@univie.ac.at

      ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4964-0642


      General assessment

      The manuscript of Berezhnoy et al. is a well written report regarding metabolomics and cytokines in long term COVID-19 syndrome patients. The applied methodology is of some interest and I cannot detect methodological errors. However, I have some concerns which need to be addressed before the manuscript should sent for journal publication.

      Most importantly, the manuscript did not adhere to good scientific practice regarding literature research. There are papers about LTCS patients published more than a year ago following highly similar research strategies with quite similar results. It is not sufficient to cite them in subordinate clauses in the Discussion, they need to be cited in the Introduction accordingly, as well when discussing the results. Indeed, relevant similarities in the results would deserve some discussion, such as the dysregulation of cytokines in LTCS.

      Another weakness is the structure of data interpretation. It is mentioned in the Introduction that several cell types were reported to show altered metabolism after a COVID-19 infection. I cannot see how plasma analysis should allow to verify such observations as it represents a mixture of all cell types in the body. This obvious challenge regarding data interpretation should be addressed.

      This is in line with another weak aspect. The numerous findings a reported without a clear structure regarding potential pathomechanisms. As such, the manuscript is sometimes not easy to read.

      To sum up, the manuscript reports interesting analysis results largely corroborating previous results, which deserved publication after some essential improvements.


      Essential revisions that are required to verify the manuscript

      An improved appreciation of existing literature is essential, as well as an improved data interpretation.


      Other suggestions to improve the manuscript

      A discussion of the pros and cons of NMR-based metabolomics in contrast to other techniques would be helpful.


      Decision

      Verified with reservations: The content is academically sound but has shortcomings that could be improved by further studies and/or minor revisions.

    1. Peer review report

      Title: If it’s there, could it be a bear?

      version: 2

      Referee: Rahul Raveendran

      Institution: Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas

      email: rahulravi777@gmail.com


      General assessment

      The manuscript needs to be revised thoroughly.


      Essential revisions that are required to verify the manuscript

      I feel that the introduction can be a little more elaborative. My suggestions are as follows:

      • In the first paragraph, the author can give more details about ‘hominology’ by citing the works of Dmitry Bayanov. This is to give a historical account of ‘hominid research’ to the readers who are unfamiliar to this topic.

      • Second paragraph has information related to the ‘misdeeds’ of the ‘proponents of hominology’. According to me, there must be continuous flow of information from paragraph to paragraph. Currently, I do not see a proper chronological flow of details in 1st and 2nd paragraph. I request the learned author to check this in such a way that 1st para must provide details about ‘hominids’, ‘hominology’, and the 2nd para must give the scientific explanation about these ‘controversial findings’.

      • Line numbers 43-44: This paragraph must be expanded, and possibly include more information about ‘American black bear’ being misrecognized as ‘bigfoot sightings’ with references. If available, provide details regarding the molecular/clinical test results (i.e., references).

      • A separate paragraph has to be incorporated to detail the methods adopted by scientists/researchers to link the population density of American black bear and bigfoot sightings.

      • Line numbers 49-51: The sentence “No positive correlation between……a small proportion of all sightings” has to be re-written as I think that it does not convey its meaning properly.

      • Provide the fundamentals of ecological niche modeling. How such a concept can be adopted in this sort of a study with a strong emphasis on the results of Lozier et al. (2009) would be helpful for the readers.

      • In the last paragraph of the introduction, although not in detail, the author should state clearly the approach that was taken to execute the study. For example, details related to the chosen statistical methods with references. And state your hypothesis clearly.

      Materials and Methods

      • Line numbers 67-77: Please make these sentences more lucid. I feel that this paragraph lacks coherence.

      • Line numbers 90-94: Please make these sentences more understandable.

      • Line numbers 113-116: Please re-write these sentences to make them more understandable. Results

      • Line numbers 121-123: The article states that both the sasquatch sighting and black bear population maps are strongly coloured in the Pacific Northwest area……”. BUT, in PNW, I do not think that bigfoot sightings in British Columbia are proportional to the black bear population.

      • Presentation of results is a bit confusing for me. I would suggest to rewrite the results with a view to make everyone who reads this article understands the results properly.

      Discussion

      • Discussion must be vastly improved

      a) It is difficult to understand the very first sentence of the discussion that starts with “The present study regressed ………………..”. Please re-write it.

      b) Results of the present study should be discussed in detail, linking previous published reports.

      c) The models employed must be discussed in detail with the support of previous reports to substantiate the conceptual correctness of the methodological framework.


      Decision

      Requires revisions: Major revisions are suggested.

    2. Peer review report

      Title: If it’s there, could it be a bear?

      version: 2

      Referee: Julie Sheldon

      Institution: University of Tennessee

      email: jsheldo3@tennessee.edu

      ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2813-3027


      General assessment

      This manuscript is a collection of statistical analyses attempting to show that sasquatch sightings correlate with black bear populations, and humans may be mistaking black bears for sasquatch.

      The author effectively introduces the topic, provides adequate background on sasquatch, but does not provide much on black bear populations, natural history, or human-bear interactions.

      The author performs several statistical tests to support the findings. I am not a statistician, but the tests seem valid. The data used for the statistical analyses, however, are not ideal. The resource (Hristienko and McDonald) provided for obtaining black bear populations was published in 2007 and the data was from 2001 via “subjective extrapolations” and “expert opinions”. Thus, this resource is outdated and suboptimal as black bear populations have changed over time. A more updated resource with more scientific methods in data collection would improve this manuscript since having as accurate as possible bear population estimates is very important for the goal of this study. The author notes this briefly in the limitations. If the human population and sasquatch sighting data matched up with the dates of bear population estimates, it would be more valid (just outdated), but there are no date ranges of human or sasquatch data provided in the manuscript.

      In the results, the maps of bigfoot sightings and black bear population do not appear to correlate visually, which downplays the value of the statistical analysis. The stats should support the visual data and vice versa if the study is sound. Perhaps more updated bear population data will improve this.

      The discussion is short and briefly brings up important points that can invalidate the study without much discussion or argument supporting the findings of this study.


      Essential revisions that are required to verify the manuscript

      I recommend the following to improve the manuscript enough to consider it valid:

      Date-match the bear population, human population, and bigfoot sightings to improve the validity of the data analysis. One way to do this is to use data from the same 10-year period only.

      Improve the sources of bear population information.

      Expand the discussion to include reasons and ideas the maps don’t line up like the statistical analyses do – ie bears in Florida and the southeast.


      Other suggestions to improve the manuscript

      I recommend provide some information on black bear population/natural history in the introduction – ie what sort of habitats do black bears live in. Consider the possibility that sasquatch sightings may correlate with a type of habitat (ie forest), which happen to also correlate with black bear habitat. This may support the idea that sasquatch sightings are bears, or that sasquatch also likes to live in similar habitats as bears.

      The author reports that black bears are not prominent in Florida; however, there are > 4,000 black bears bears in Florida, that are reportedly large, and it may be worth considering this as a reason for the concentration of sasquatch sightings in Florida as seen on the map. More accurate black bear data as discussed above may help improve this aspect. Experientially, there is also a high concentration of black bears in the southeastern US, where there is also a high concentration of humans and human-bear encounters. The author does not discuss this along with the number of sasquatch sightings in this region as seen on the map.


      Decision

      Verified with reservations: The content is academically sound but has shortcomings that could be improved by further studies and/or minor revisions.

    1. The new report evokes a mild sense of urgency, calling on governments to mobilise finance to accelerate the uptake of green technology. But its conclusions are far removed from a direct interpretation of the IPCC’s own carbon budgets (the total amount of CO₂ scientists estimate
      • The report claims that
        • to reach target of 50/50 chance of staying within 1.5 deg C,
        • we must reach meet zero by 2050
          • Yet, updating the IPCC’s estimate of the 1.5°C carbon budget,
            • from 2020 to 2023, and then drawing a straight line down from today’s total emissions to the point where all carbon emissions must cease, and without exceeding this budget,
          • gives a zero CO₂ date of 2040.
          • Furthermore, adding policy delays to set things up, it is more likely a date closer to mid 2030's.
    2. Title IPCC’s conservative nature masks true scale of action needed to avert catastrophic climate change Author Kevin Anderson

      Summary The influential 2023 IPCC Synthesis report for policy makers is quite misleading and can steer policy makers in the wrong, and disastrous direction.

    1. Peer review report

      Title: Types of Arrhythmias and the risk of sudden cardiac death in dialysis patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

      version: 1

      Referee: Milaras Nikias

      Institution: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens- Ippokrateion Hospital

      email: nikiasmil@med.uoa.gr

      ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7312-0976


      General assessment

      It is now well known that high cardiovascular mortality in ESRD patients is only partly due to atherothrombotic events. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias and electromechanical dissociation account for a significant amount of those deaths as was reported in landmark trials such as the MADIT II. VT or VF might be the mode of death in only a minority of those patients and this is extrapolated from the fact that ICD implantation in this population does not extend survival, whether due to high competing comorbidities or due to electromechanical dissociation being the cause of death. It is true that ESRD patients are underrepresented in such studies due to the high competing factor for non-cardiac death and no safe conclusion can yet be drawn. It remains yet to be seen whether a better risk stratification algorithm through Holter monitoring or programmed ventricular stimulation can unveil those truly at high risk for SCD.

      This meta-analysis tries to unveil the mode of death and the high cardiovascular mortality in renal failure through a thorough literature search that included 11 studies. This systematic review/meta-analysis follows current writing and reporting guidelines.

      The English used is adequate although some parts of the manuscript could be refined (eg 3rd paragraph in Introduction)


      Essential revisions that are required to verify the manuscript

      ESRD and ESKD are both discussed in the manuscript. I would personally prefer that the authors devoted more effort in commenting on the meta-analysis results and its implications. The included studies are not adequately annotated in the text, making reading difficult for the statistically unschooled reader who must understand the plots provided.


      Decision

      Verified with reservations: The content is academically sound but has shortcomings that must be improved.

  18. Mar 2023
    1. Peer review report

      Title: If it’s real, could it be an eel?

      version: 2

      Referee: Dr Don Jellyman

      Institution: National Institute of Water and Atmosphere (New Zealand)

      email: don.jellyman@niwa.co.nz

      ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6941-2703


      General assessment

      An interesting assessment that verifies the obvious – that any monster of ~ 6 m cannot be an eel (Anguilla anguilla), although there is a reasonable likelihood that eels of ~ 1 m could account for some of the “sightings” of elongate animals in the loch. However, even though the outcome is unsurprising, the author approaches the subject in a rigorous and systematic way. As such, the manuscript is of value in eliminating eels as possible candidate species for the mythical monster.

      The manuscript is well written and referenced.


      Essential revisions that are required to verify the manuscript

      Nil


      Other suggestions to improve the manuscript

      Nil


      Decision

      Verified: The content is academically sound, only minor amendments (if any) are suggested.

    1. the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released its “synthesis” report summarizing the findings of its sixth assessment (the last occurred in 2014). The findings are painfully familiar: the world is falling far short of its emission goals, and without rapid reductions this decade, the planet is likely to shoot to beyond 1.5 or even 2 degrees Celsius of warming this century (we are at 1.1 degrees now). We seem to be stuck in a doom-loop news cycle where scientific reports create headlines, and earnest climate commentators insist the new report represents a true “wake-up call” for action, and then . . . emission keep rising. They hit a record once again in 2022. The world of climate politics appears to exist in two completely different worlds. There is a largely liberal and idealist world of climat