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If you’re pinning your hopes on a Covid vaccine, here’s a dose of realism | David Salisbury. (2020, October 21). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/oct/21/covid-vaccine-immunisation-protection
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the Guardian. ‘Pfizer Vaccine Has 91% Efficacy for up to Six Months, Trial Shows’, 1 April 2021. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/01/pfizer-vaccine-has-91-efficacy-for-up-to-six-months-trial-shows.
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Kupferschmidt, K., VogelMar. 27, G., 2021, & Am, 10:20. (2021, March 27). A rare clotting disorder may cloud the world’s hopes for AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine. Science | AAAS. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/03/rare-clotting-disorder-may-cloud-worlds-hopes-astrazenecas-covid-19-vaccine
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Emary, K. R. W., Golubchik, T., Aley, P. K., Ariani, C. V., Angus, B., Bibi, S., Blane, B., Bonsall, D., Cicconi, P., Charlton, S., Clutterbuck, E. A., Collins, A. M., Cox, T., Darton, T. C., Dold, C., Douglas, A. D., Duncan, C. J. A., Ewer, K. J., Flaxman, A. L., … Pollard, A. J. (2021). Efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern 202012/01 (B.1.1.7): an exploratory analysis of a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00628-0
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Covid-19 vaccine wars: Developing the AstraZeneca vaccine was a triumph, but then things went wrong. (2021, March 26). The BMJ. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/03/26/vaccine-wars-developing-the-astrazeneca-vaccine-was-a-triumph-but-then-things-went-wrong/
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Timing of COVID-19 Vaccine Approval and Endorsement by Public Figures. (2020). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-95823/v1
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Stout, M. E., Christy, S. M., Winger, J. G., Vadaparampil, S. T., & Mosher, C. E. (2020). Self-efficacy and HPV Vaccine Attitudes Mediate the Relationship Between Social Norms and Intentions to Receive the HPV Vaccine Among College Students. Journal of Community Health, 45(6), 1187–1195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00837-5
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Zizzo, J. (2020). The Missing Link in the Covid-19 Vaccine Race. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 0(0), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1831859
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A Marm Kilpatrick. (2021, February 9). Vaccine efficacy in blocking infection & transmission (I think) We can now estimate the (minimum) reduction in transmission from the Moderna vaccine. Thread tl;dr Moderna vaccine blocks >90% (87-93%) of infections & 91% (89-94%) of transmission. *Critiques welcome! Https://t.co/GjQIo3v4oe [Tweet]. @DiseaseEcology. https://twitter.com/DiseaseEcology/status/1359213735424872450
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Smith, P. (2021). Interim recommendations for use of the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1-S (recombinant)) vaccine against COVID-19 developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca. WHO.
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Callaway, E. (2020). Russia’s fast-track coronavirus vaccine draws outrage over safety. Nature, 584(7821), 334–335. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02386-2
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Pimenta, Dominic, Christian Yates, Christina Pagel, and Deepti Gurdasani. ‘Delaying the Second Dose of Covid-19 Vaccines’. BMJ 372 (18 March 2021): n710. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n710.
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Olliaro, P. (2021). What does 95% COVID-19 vaccine efficacy really mean? The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00075-X
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Hilda Bastian, PhD. (2021, February 6). Unofficial unnamed AstraZeneca insider says they are doing the interim analysis for the US trial of the Oxford vaccine. AstraZeneca spokesperson says 4-6 weeks till data release. Https://t.co/VUHgbHN02d One is wrong? Or they’ll release only when have FDA minimum follow-up? Https://t.co/LgjfX8AIti [Tweet]. @hildabast. https://twitter.com/hildabast/status/1357862227106095105
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Gaier, Rodrigo Viga. ‘Exclusive: Oxford Study Indicates AstraZeneca Effective against Brazil Variant, Source Says’. Reuters, 5 March 2021. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-brazil-variant-exc-idUSKBN2AX1NS.
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papers.ssrn.com papers.ssrn.com
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Voysey, M., Costa Clemens, S. A., Madhi, S. A., Weckx, L. Y., Folegatti, P. M., Aley, P. K., Angus, B. J., Baillie, V., Barnabas, S. L., Bhorat, Q. E., Bibi, S., Briner, C., Cicconi, P., Clutterbuck, E., Collins, A. M., Cutland, C., Darton, T., Dheda, K., Douglas, A. D., … Group, O. C. V. T. (2021). Single Dose Administration, And The Influence Of The Timing Of The Booster Dose On Immunogenicity and Efficacy Of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3777268). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3777268
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Variants, 3 New Covid Vaccines, and Contested Efficacy Claims: A Month of Seismic Shifts and Confusion. (2021, January 31). Absolutely Maybe. https://absolutelymaybe.plos.org/2021/01/31/variants-3-new-covid-vaccines-and-contested-efficacy-claims-a-month-of-seismic-shifts-and-confusion/
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Emary, K. R. W., Golubchik, T., Aley, P. K., Ariani, C. V., Angus, B. J., Bibi, S., Blane, B., Bonsall, D., Cicconi, P., Charlton, S., Clutterbuck, E., Collins, A. M., Cox, T., Darton, T., Dold, C., Douglas, A. D., Duncan, C. J. A., Ewer, K., Flaxman, A., … Group, O. C. V. T. (2021). Efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 (B.1.1.7) (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3779160). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3779160
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ChAdOx1 nCov-19 provides minimal protection against mild-moderate COVID-19 infection from B.1.351 coronavirus variant in young South African adults | University of Oxford. (n.d.). Retrieved February 18, 2021, from https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2021-02-07-chadox1-ncov-19-provides-minimal-protection-against-mild-moderate-covid-19-infection
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Yufika, A., Wagner, A. L., Nawawi, Y., Wahyuniati, N., Anwar, S., Yusri, F., Haryanti, N., Wijayanti, N. P., Rizal, R., Fitriani, D., Maulida, N. F., Syahriza, M., Ikram, I., Fandoko, T. P., Syahadah, M., Asrizal, F. W., Aletta, A., Haryanto, S., Jamil, K. F., … Harapan, H. (2020). Parents’ hesitancy towards vaccination in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia. Vaccine, 38(11), 2592–2599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.072
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David Benkeser. (2020, November 9). Another view on uncertainty associated based on Pfizer’s results. Even if you were highly skeptical about MRNA vaccines (many are [were?]) with 50% prior belief that VE ~ 0, based on an 8:86 vax:placebo case split, the posterior probability that VE > 75% is ~ 1. Https://t.co/xtBONtGHmT [Tweet]. @biosbenk. https://twitter.com/biosbenk/status/1325856366225993729
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Carl T. Bergstrom. (2021, January 31). A somewhat technical thread about measuring vaccine efficacy. We’re used to the notion that certain properties of tests for disease depend on prevalence: Positive and negative predictive value do, for example, whereas sensitivity and specificity do not. [Tweet]. @CT_Bergstrom. https://twitter.com/CT_Bergstrom/status/1355762090078703621
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Placebo-Controlled Trials of Covid-19 Vaccines—Why We Still Need Them. (2021). New England Journal of Medicine, 384(2), e2. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2033538
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Hyde, Z. (n.d.). Herd immunity is the end game for the pandemic, but the AstraZeneca vaccine won’t get us there. The Conversation. Retrieved 24 February 2021, from http://theconversation.com/herd-immunity-is-the-end-game-for-the-pandemic-but-the-astrazeneca-vaccine-wont-get-us-there-155115
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Potential Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines. (n.d.). HackMD. Retrieved 22 February 2021, from https://hackmd.io/@scibehC19vax/sideeffects
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“Myths about COVID-19 vaccination - HackMD.” Accessed February 19, 2021. https://hackmd.io/ovEzSQWcRp2bctQn8MYElQ#Myths-about-COVID-19-vaccination.
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Wibmer, C. K., Ayres, F., Hermanus, T., Madzivhandila, M., Kgagudi, P., Lambson, B. E., Vermeulen, M., Berg, K. van den, Rossouw, T., Boswell, M., Ueckermann, V., Meiring, S., Gottberg, A. von, Cohen, C., Morris, L., Bhiman, J. N., & Moore, P. L. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 escapes neutralization by South African COVID-19 donor plasma. BioRxiv, 2021.01.18.427166. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.18.427166
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ReconfigBehSci. (2021, February 12). RT @NatureNews: The science behind how and when to give vaccines doses. Https://t.co/S75TXESOG9 [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1360489348223893505
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Thompson, B., Baker, N., & Ledford, H. (2021). Coronapod: Is mixing COVID vaccines a good idea? Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00390-8
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Cormier, Z. (n.d.). The Second-Generation COVID Vaccines Are Coming. Scientific American. Retrieved 11 February 2021, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-second-generation-covid-vaccines-are-coming/
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Moore, S., Hill, E. M., Tildesley, M. J., Dyson, L., & Keeling, M. J. (2021). Vaccination and Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions: When can the UK relax about COVID-19? MedRxiv, 2020.12.27.20248896. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.27.20248896
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Report of 8% vaccine efficacy for elderly debunked by German government. (14:24:16+00:00). Full Fact. https://fullfact.org/health/german-astrazeneca-8-percent-handelsblatt/
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Novavax COVID-19 vaccine 89.3% effective. (n.d.). Retrieved 1 February 2021, from https://www.nihr.ac.uk/news/novavax-covid-19-vaccine-893-effective/26720
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Analysis supports phase 3 trials of Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine. (2021, January 17). News-Medical.Net. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210117/Analysis-supports-phase-3-trials-of-Johnson-Johnsons-COVID-19-vaccine.aspx
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Burton, D. R., & Topol, E. J. (2021). Toward superhuman SARS-CoV-2 immunity? Nature Medicine, 27(1), 5–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-01180-x
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ReconfigBehSci. (2020, November 9). RT @peterbachmd: Relevant today: Ever sharp @nataliexdean on Vaccine Effectiveness vs Efficacy from many moons ago (i.e. About a month). Sh… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1325889181097267200
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Zhang, S. (2020, September 28). Vaccine Chaos Is Looming. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/09/covid-19-most-complicated-vaccine-campaign-ever/616521/
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Zhang, S. (2020, December 1). The Long Haul of Vaccine Results Is Just Beginning. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/12/vaccine-trials-can-still-surprise-us/617247/
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Zhang, S. (2020, November 18). The End of the Pandemic Is Now in Sight. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/11/vaccines-end-covid-19-pandemic-sight/617141/
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Ledford, H., Cyranoski, D., & Noorden, R. V. (2020). The UK has approved a COVID vaccine—Here’s what scientists now want to know. Nature, 588(7837), 205–206. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-03441-8
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Ledford, H. (2020). Oxford COVID-vaccine paper highlights lingering unknowns about results. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-03504-w
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Voysey, M., Clemens, S. A. C., Madhi, S. A., Weckx, L. Y., Folegatti, P. M., Aley, P. K., Angus, B., Baillie, V. L., Barnabas, S. L., Bhorat, Q. E., Bibi, S., Briner, C., Cicconi, P., Collins, A. M., Colin-Jones, R., Cutland, C. L., Darton, T. C., Dheda, K., Duncan, C. J. A., … Zuidewind, P. (2020). Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: An interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32661-1
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Moderna’s COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate Meets its Primary Efficacy Endpoint in the First Interim Analysis of the Phase 3 COVE Study | Moderna, Inc. (n.d.). Retrieved 1 December 2020, from https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/modernas-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-meets-its-primary-efficacy/
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- Nov 2020
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www.sciencemag.org www.sciencemag.org
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CohenNov. 16, J., 2020, & Am, 7:00. (2020, November 16). ‘Just beautiful’: Another COVID-19 vaccine, from newcomer Moderna, succeeds in large-scale trial. Science | AAAS. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/11/just-beautiful-another-covid-19-vaccine-newcomer-moderna-succeeds-large-scale-trial
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- Sep 2020
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Natalie E. Dean en Twitter: “VACCINE EFFICACY 101: A biostatistician's primer. Ten tweets to cover:- How is vaccine efficacy calculated?- Distinguishing between infection, disease, & severe disease.- Measuring reduced infectiousness.- Vaccine efficacy vs. effectiveness!n” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved September 30, 2020, from https://twitter.com/nataliexdean/status/1310613702476017666
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Duquette, N. (2020). Heard immunity: Effective persuasion for a future COVID-19 vaccine. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/jwvsp
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Zhu, F.-C., Guan, X.-H., Li, Y.-H., Huang, J.-Y., Jiang, T., Hou, L.-H., Li, J.-X., Yang, B.-F., Wang, L., Wang, W.-J., Wu, S.-P., Wang, Z., Wu, X.-H., Xu, J.-J., Zhang, Z., Jia, S.-Y., Wang, B.-S., Hu, Y., Liu, J.-J., … Chen, W. (2020). Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31605-6
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Marshall, M. (n.d.). Everything you need to know about Russia’s coronavirus vaccine claims. New Scientist. Retrieved August 18, 2020, from https://www.newscientist.com/article/2251722-everything-you-need-to-know-about-russias-coronavirus-vaccine-claims/
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www.nber.org www.nber.org
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Lo, A. W., Siah, K. W., & Wong, C. H. (2020). Estimating Probabilities of Success of Vaccine and Other Anti-Infective Therapeutic Development Programs (Working Paper No. 27176; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27176
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A Vaccine Reality Check. (n.d.). MSN. Retrieved August 9, 2020, from https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/a-vaccine-reality-check/ar-BB178Yaf
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