October 2, 2024 - PBS News Hour full episode

Stress Testing Our Democracy: A Conversation with Barton Gellman<br /> Episode 384 of Sam Harris podcast<br /> https://www.samharris.org/podcasts/making-sense-episodes/384-stress-testing-our-democracy

Suggested by Flancian at FoTL

Democrats claim to oppose "threats to democracy" but replace their candidates after nomination to maintain control over the party faithful. They appointed Biden after Kamala's campaign was rightly and completely destroyed in a debate with Tulsi Gabbard but the facts of Kamala's incompetent and tyrannical past, abusing minorities for political gain: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1-CRrMDSLs

Democrats ignore democracy at the drop of a hat when they believe it suits them.

Bill Penzey Jr is gaslighting readers again with this statement. The facts are that Hillary Clinton used a private email server for official communications as Secretary of State (2009-2013). The FBI found over 100 classified emails on the server that were not encrypted as required, this included 65 emails deemed "Secret" and 22 deemed "Top Secret".

After the investigation began, her IT team deleted ~30,000 emails and destroyed devices by smashing them with hammers, preventing a full investigation. The Obama Administration corrupted FBI found her “extremely careless” (an understatement) but did not recommend charges. This impacted her 2016 presidential campaign - but not because she was "over-prepared and used emails".

From his statement, it is apparent that Bill Penzey Jr. is not a serious person capable of grasping established facts about the world around him and has no business pontificating on political matters. At worst, he's spreading deliberate misinformation.

Though democrats in politics, the Biden family, and the media lied repeatedly before the election, Hunter Biden’s laptop was confirmed to be confirmed his.

This is relevant because it contained incriminating photos of Hunter Biden; as a result, Hunter Biden was tried and convicted on Federal gun charges.

There are still outstanding lawsuits relating to the contents of the laptop as of this writing.

Bill Penzey, Jr. knows this, and by suggesting that Americans were merely upset that Hunter had a computer is an attempt at gaslighting people, which is dishonest and manipulative.

Opinion - America Has Questions for Kamala Harris and Donald Trump by The New York Times Editorial Board

broadly true, especially for Donald J. Trump

Definitely this, but the majority of the right doesn't care about plans, choices, or strengths and weaknesses. They've bought into a cult of personality that washes out the ability to make informed decisions.

What to Know About the Assassination Attempt on Trump by [[Michael Levenson]]

Trump, on Social Media, Describes Being ‘Shot With a Bullet’ in the Ear by [[Michael Gold]]

Project 2025

Dans, Paul, and Steven Groves, eds. Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise - Project 2025: Presidential Transition Project. The Heritage Foundation, 2023. https://static.project2025.org/2025_MandateForLeadership_FULL.pdf.

ᔥ[[Clive Thompson]] in @clive@saturation.social) (accessed:: 2024-07-04 10:20 AM)

I'm reading the entirety of the #project2025 book: https://static.project2025.org/2025_MandateForLeadership_FULL.pdf

The intro lays things out very clearly -- full-blown attacks on trans and queer folks of any stripe; utter dismissal of climate change; disdain for any form of expertise and education (wonderfully incoherent, given the sparkling pedigrees of the document's many authors); economic thinking that's equally incoherent, if not at times magically-realistic; christian nationalism; and incessant, self-pitying grievance politics

Jul 07, 2024, 10:03 · Edited Jul 07, 12:42

for - key insight - key issue of 2024 election is NOT which democrat to vote for, but to prevent autocracy at any cost

for - 2024 election results explained - France

Would Kamala Harris be a stronger candidate than Biden?

for - US 2024 election - why Trump flipped to support Ukraine aid bill

for - November US 2024 election - Ukraine Aid - hot potato

Eh, that doesn't seem fair. What stops one generating keypairs until he gets a decently high one, cheating his chances?

for - quote - Michael Mann - quote - a Second Trump presidency - polycrisis - politics and climate crisis - climate mitigation strategy - voting in 2024 U.S. election - adjacency - Michael Mann - 2nd Trump presidency - exceeding planetary boundaries - exceeding 1.5 Deg C - Gen Z voting

adjacency - between - Michael Mann - 2nd Trump presidency - exceeding planetary boundaries - exceeding 1.5 Deg C - Trump's presidency is existential threat to humanity - Gen Z voting - 2024 election - adjacency statement - Michael Mann's quote " A second Trump term is game over for the climate - really" applies to the 2024 election if Trump becomes the Republican nominee. - Trumps dismal environmental record in his 2016 to 2020 term speaks for itself. He would do something similiar in 2025 if he were the president. G - Given there are only 5 years and 172 days before we hit the dangerous threshold of burning through all the carbon budget for humanity, - https://climateclock.world/ - It is questionable whether Biden's government alone can do enough, but certainly if Trump won the 2024 election, his term in office would create a regression severe enough to put the Paris Climate goal of staying within 1.5 Deg C out of reach, and risk triggering major planetary tipping points - A Biden government is evidence-based and believes in anthropogenic climate change and is already taking measures to mitigate it. A Trump government is not evidence-based and is supported by incumbent fossil fuel industry so does not have the interest of the U.S. population nor all of humanity at heart. - Hence, the 2024 U.S. election can really determine the fate of humanity. - Gen Z can play a critical role for humanity by voting against a government that would, in leading climate scientists Michael Mann's words, be game over for a stable climate, and therefore put humanity and unimaginable risk. - Gen Z can swing the vote to a government willing to deal with the climate crisis over one in climate denial so voting activists need to be alerted to this and create the right messaging to reach Gen Z - https://hyp.is/LOud7sBBEe6S0D8itLHw1A/circle.tufts.edu/latest-research/41-million-members-gen-z-will-be-eligible-vote-2024

for - Gen Z influence on 2024 US election - Trump 2024 win - an existential threat to humanity - stats - Gen Z - 2024 U.S. election

comment - Gen Z can play a role in determining the future of human civilization. How? Their vote in the upcoming 2024 U.S. election. If Donald Trump wins, it can pose an existential threat to human civilization - https://hyp.is/mwqwpsA-Ee6bAd9C2MLeKg/www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/trump-2024-presidency-climate-change-rcna131928

stats - Gen Z - 2024 U.S. election

• In the next presidential election, 40.8 million members of Gen Z (ages 18-27 in 2024) will be eligible to vote,
  • including 8.3 million newly eligible youth (ages 18-19 in 2024)
  • who will have aged into the electorate since the 2022 midterm election.
• These young people have tremendous potential to
  • influence elections and to
  • spur action on issues they care about
• if they are adequately reached and supported by parties, campaigns, and organizations.

It is worse than that. In Ohio, each county has its own election system. Rules are set at the state level, but each county buys and maintains the equipment, hires and does training, and reports its results.

Eine neue Studie kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Haltung zu fünf großen Krisen das Wahlverhalten der Europäer:innen in diesem Jahr bestimmen wird: der Klimakrise, der Migrationskrise, der Wirtschaftskrise und Inflation, dem Ukraine-Krieg und Covid. Klimakrise und Migration hätten, wie schon bei den Wahlen in der Niederlanden, ide größte Kraft Wähler zu mobilisieren. Die Autor:innen sprechen von einem "Clash zweier 'Extinction rebellions'". Als wichtigste Krisen werden im Durchschnitt der europäischen Länder die Klimakrise und dann Covid bewertet.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/17/crises-have-split-european-voters-into-five-tribes-survey-suggests

Report: https://ecfr.eu/publication/a-crisis-of-ones-own-the-politics-of-trauma-in-europes-election-year/

Ungenerous to take Alter to task for context which he might not have the background to comment upon.

Does Alter call it a "platitude" from it's historical context, or with respect to the modern context of Donald J. Trump and a wide variety of Republican Party members who are anything but Christian?

Die Europäische Union befindet sich bei der Umsetzung ihrer Klimaziele in einem entscheidenden Moment. In einem Bericht des European Council on Foreign Relations werden die politischen HIndernisse für die Dekaarbonisierung analysiert, Dabei wird detailliert auf die geopolitische Situation und auf die Bedingungen in den EU-Staaten eingegangen..

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/28/eu-faces-make-or-break-moment-for-green-transition-report-says

Report: https://ecfr.eu/publication/ends-of-the-earth-how-eu-climate-action-can-weather-the-coming-election-storm/

Potential Biden contenders: - Gavin Newsom, California governor - J. B. Pritzker, Illinois governor - Phil Murphy, New Jersey Governor - Gretchen Whitmer, Michigan Governor

Currently running on the left: - Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. - Marianne Williamson - Cornel West (Green Party)

Pat Buchanan ran for the Republican nomination in 1992 and in a prime-time speech at the Republican convention that summer he declared a "cultural war" for the "soul of America".

In Großbritannien verwässern Konservative wie Labour Party bereits beschlossene Dekarbonisierungsprogramme, um konservative Gruppen von Wähler:innen anzusprechen. Die Libération fasst die Entwicklung der letzten Monate zusammen. Die Polemik gegen die Ausweitung der Ultra Low Emission Zone in London und die Genehmigung vieler weiterer Öl und gasprojekte in der Nordsee sind besonders symptomatisch. https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/au-royaume-uni-conservateurs-et-travaillistes-sacrifient-lecologie-par-opportunisme-politique-20230829_C4ROVOLBSFDVPMASEJSXN52XZQ/

• for: quote, quote - Robert Epstein, quote - search engine bias,quote - future of democracy, quote - tilting elections, quote - progress trap, progress trap, cultural evolution, technology - futures, futures - technology, progress trap, indyweb - support, future - education
• quote
  • The big tech companies, left to their own devices , have already had a net negative effect on societies worldwide.
  • At the moment, the three big threats these companies pose
    • aggressive surveillance,
    • arbitrary suppression of content,
      • the censorship problem, and
    • the subtle manipulation of
      • thoughts,
      • behaviors,
      • votes,
      • purchases,
      • attitudes and
      • beliefs
    • are unchecked worldwide
• author: Robert Epstein
  • senior research psychologist at American Institute for Behavioral Research and Technology
• paraphrase
  • Epstein's organization is building two technologies that assist in combating these problems:
    • passively monitor what big tech companies are showing people online,
    • smart algorithms that will ultimately be able to identify online manipulations in realtime:
      • biased search results,
      • biased search suggestions,
      • biased newsfeeds,
      • platform-generated targeted messages,
      • platform-engineered virality,
      • shadow-banning,
      • email suppression, etc.
  • Tech evolves too quickly to be managed by laws and regulations,
    • but monitoring systems are tech, and they can and will be used to curtail the destructive and dangerous powers of companies like Google and Facebook on an ongoing basis.
• reference
  • seminar paper on monitoring systems, ‘Taming Big Tech -: https://is.gd/K4caTW.

• for: Hiliary Clinton could have won, voting, democracy, voting - social media, democracy - social media, election - social media, facebook - election, 2016 US elections, 2016 Trump election, 2016 US election, 2016 US election - different results, 2016 election - social media
• interesting fact
  • If Facebook had sent a "Go out and vote" message on election day of 2016 election, Clinton may have had a boost of 450,000 additional votes
    • and the outcome of the election might have been different

Der Brite Jim Skea wurde zum neuen Vorsitzenden des IPCC gewählt. In einem Spiegel-Interview wiederholte er das Statement, dass das Überschreiten des 1,5°-Ziels nicht das Ende der Menschheit bedeute. Skea bezog sich auf die Aussage des IPCC, dass das 1,5° Ziel nur nach einem zeitweisen Überschreiten durch Entfernung von CO₂ aus der Atmosphäre erreicht werden kann. Er betonte wiederum, dass jedes Zehntelgrad weniger Temperaturerhöhung von enormer Relevanz ist. https://taz.de/15-Grad-Ziel-in-Klimadebatte/!5948023/

Perhaps EIP could partner with On the Media to produce a trope consumer handbook for elections, vaccines, and various conspiracy theory areas?

Cross reference: https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/otm/projects/breaking-news-consumers-handbook

https://laist.com/news/politics/2022-election-california-general-live-results-los-angeles-city-mayor-bass-caruso

What the hell is Rick Caruso doing spending over $100M!! to defeat Karen Bass? He put in $101,477,500 of his own money along with $3.4M from a group opposing Bass compared to Bass's roughly $18M raise.

So many better things he could have done with that money, if in fact, people really think that he's got ideas that will actively make the city better.

Caruso outspent Bass 5 to 1.

Caruso spent $400 per vote for the 252,476 votes he got (as of 2022-11-09 9:24 AM).

Make a note.

https://laist.com/news/politics/voter-game-plan

I annotated the hell out of my 2022 midterm ballot!

https://tantek.com/2022/310/t1/sf-ca-election-issues-summary

Thanks Tantek!

https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/06/politics/joe-biden-donald-trump-maga-republican/index.html

DemTech | COVID-19 Misinformation Newsletter 24 August 2021. (2021, August 24). https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/covid-19-misinformation-newsletter-24-august-2021/#continue

This is a new reason to support proportional representation of some kind in elections. It doesn't fix the problem of representatives thinking of certain groups of voters as "the enemy", but it does give "the enemy" a sanctioned voice to defend them.

One candidate (Donald Trump) believes it was stolen. Traditional poll found 57% believed it was stolen, but private polling found 14%. Quite a huge difference accounted for by the collective illusion principle. This gives us hope that educating on collective illusion in the right way could have a huge impact so that democracy is not gamed by unscrupulous and bad actors.

A vocal minority is a leverage point that brings about the collective illusion.

Mehta, N., Rezaei, S., Puthillam, A., & Kapoor, H. (2022). Impact of Partisanship on Mobility in India during COVID-19. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/p2jk6

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, February 17). The Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated the erosion of trust around the world: Significant drop in trust in the two largest economies: The U.S. (40%) and Chinese (30%) governments are deeply distrusted by respondents from the 26 other markets surveyed. 1/2 https://t.co/C86chd3bb4 [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1362021569476894726

COVID-19 vaccine mandates a key issue in federal election campaign. (n.d.). Thestarphoenix. Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://thestarphoenix.com/news/local-news/covid-19-vaccine-mandates-a-key-issue-in-federal-election-campaign

Vega-Oliveros, D. A., Grande, H. L. C., Iannelli, F., & Vazquez, F. (2021). Bi-layer voter model: Modeling intolerant/tolerant positions and bots in opinion dynamics. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 230(14–15), 2875–2886. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-021-00151-8

Trisha Greenhalgh. (2021, December 27). This is nothing short of scandalous. Unless and until those leading the public health response acknowledge the AIRBORNE nature of the virus and give transmission mitigation advice commensurate with how airborne viruses spread, we will be yo-yoing from wave to wave ad infinitum. [Tweet]. @trishgreenhalgh. https://twitter.com/trishgreenhalgh/status/1475502337594646528

David Leonhardt on Twitter: ‘The political divide over vaccinations is so large that almost every reliably blue state now has a higher vaccination rate than almost every reliably red state. https://t.co/grkrSb1cuE 🧵 https://t.co/BgZMsW1QrH’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 27 September 2021, from https://twitter.com/DLeonhardt/status/1442454472144293898

Campbell should have won! She is earnest and has a clear vision for what Boston can be to address these systemic issues.

Kim Janey, City Council President & Acting Mayor, didn't believe it was possible for her to run for mayor of Boston. "I just didn't think I could. You can't be what you can't see."

withstood the pressure to ignore the results

So, this author says the quiet part out loud.

Schmitt, C. E., November 7, & 2020. (n.d.). ‘Be the Twitter that you want to see in the world’. Harvard Law Today. Retrieved 1 March 2021, from https://today.law.harvard.edu/be-the-twitter-that-you-want-to-see-in-the-world/

117th Congress

Hillary Clinton: 472 counties = 64% US GDP

Donald Trump: 2584 counties = 36% US GDP

Source

Source

Source

Source

Source

Source

Well, those voters told you who they wanted and it wasn't Biden.

New concerns as Indian Covid variant clusters found across England | Coronavirus | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved May 7, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/06/new-concerns-indian-covid-variant-clusters-found-across-england-ongoing-risk-high

Chang, H.-C. H., Chen, E., Zhang, M., Muric, G., & Ferrara, E. (2021). Social Bots and Social Media Manipulation in 2020: The Year in Review. ArXiv:2102.08436 [Cs]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.08436

Parker, F. T.-A., Scott Frickel,John. (n.d.). Scientists Are Becoming More Politically Engaged. Scientific American. Retrieved March 1, 2021, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientists-are-becoming-more-politically-engaged/

Roy, A. (2021, April 29). ‘We are witnessing a crime against humanity’: Arundhati Roy on India’s Covid catastrophe. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/apr/28/crime-against-humanity-arundhati-roy-india-covid-catastrophe

Tollefson, J. (2021, April 16). The race to curb the spread of COVID vaccine disinformation. Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00997-x?error=cookies_not_supported&code=0d3302c0-59b3-4065-8835-2a6d99ca35cc

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, April 19). RT @FSIStanford: .@noUpside: U.S. disinformation researchers have focused on the election and COVID-19 vaccines because of the potential fo… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1384411626288336898

Wenner, A. (2020, May 26). Our Democracy Depends on a Safe Election in November. Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. https://fsi.stanford.edu/news/our-democracy-depends-safe-election-november

Marc-André Argentino. (2020, November 7). If you are interested in QAnon, QAnonCasualties is a must subreddit to read regularly and to get to know what is happening in QWorld from those closest to QAnon adherents. Https://t.co/qj05EFOxa6 [Tweet]. @_MAArgentino. https://twitter.com/_MAArgentino/status/1325144053479075840

Suiter, J. (n.d.). We need much more than media literacy to tackle Covid-19 disinformation. The Irish Times. Retrieved 24 February 2021, from https://www.irishtimes.com/news/education/we-need-much-more-than-media-literacy-to-tackle-covid-19-disinformation-1.4449829

Even If It’s ‘Bonkers,’ Poll Finds Many Believe QAnon And Other Conspiracy Theories. (n.d.). NPR.Org. Retrieved 24 February 2021, from https://www.npr.org/2020/12/30/951095644/even-if-its-bonkers-poll-finds-many-believe-qanon-and-other-conspiracy-theories

David Rothschild on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved October 17, 2020, from https://twitter.com/DavMicRot/status/1316429651988877312

Finally the sort of competition that Trump can understand: it's a ratings race!

Kavanagh, M. M. (2020). US elections and a foreign policy for pandemics. The Lancet Public Health, 5(10), e517–e518. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30211-5

COVID-19 and the Law Colloquium Series | Elections. (2020, September 30). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKInisfa60o

Perhaps the best defense against active measures is a little bit of activism of our own

Fazio, L., Hong, M. K., & Dias, N. (2020). Debunking rumors around the French election: The memorability and effectiveness of misinformation debunks [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6mjbz

Bertoli, S., Guichard, L., & Marchetta, F. (2020). Turnout in the Municipal Elections of March 2020 and Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 Epidemic in France. IZA Discussion Paper, 13335.

Pulejo, M., & Querubín, P. (2020). Electoral Concerns Reduce Restrictive Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Working Paper No. 27498; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27498

Barnett ’15, L., August 4, & 2020. (n.d.). When Voting Is a Risky Choice. Harvard Law Today. Retrieved 6 August 2020, from https://today.law.harvard.edu/feature/when-voting-is-a-risky-choice/

Cotti, C. D., Engelhardt, B., Foster, J., Nesson, E. T., & Niekamp, P. S. (2020). The Relationship between In-Person Voting and COVID-19: Evidence from the Wisconsin Primary (Working Paper No. 27187; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27187

FSI Stanford. (2020, May 26). COVID-19 and its Impact on Democracy, with Nate Persily and Larry Diamond. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VmPih3Wz1_8

Henley, J. (2020, June 26). Swedes rapidly losing trust in Covid-19 strategy, poll finds. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/26/swedes-rapidly-losing-trust-in-covid-19-strategy-poll-finds

Goldstein, A., policy, closeAmy G. covering health-care, politics, other social policy issuesEmailEmailBioBioFollowFollowEmily G. closeEmily G. analyst at T. W. P. specializing in public opinion about, elections, & policy.EmailEmailBioBioFollowFollow, public. (n.d.). Almost one-third of black Americans know someone who died of covid-19, survey shows. Washington Post. Retrieved 26 June 2020, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/almost-one-third-of-black-americans-know-someone-who-died-of-covid-19-survey-shows/2020/06/25/3ec1d4b2-b563-11ea-aca5-ebb63d27e1ff_story.html

Adam-Troian, J., Bonetto, E., Varet, F., Arciszewski, T., & Guiller, T. (2020). Pathogen Threat Increases Electoral Success for Conservative Parties: Results from a Natural Experiment with COVID-19 in France. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/aqkpm

Golino, H., Christensen, A. P., Moulder, R. G., Kim, S., & Boker, S. M. (2020, April 14). Modeling latent topics in social media using Dynamic Exploratory Graph Analysis: The case of the right-wing and left-wing trolls in the 2016 US elections. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/tfs7c

Prasad, S., Knight, E. L., Sarkar, A., Welker, K. M., Lassetter, B., & Mehta, P. (2020, May 6). Testosterone fluctuations in response to a democratic election predict partisan attitudes toward the elected leader. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/w6rz9

Noorazar, H. (2020). Recent advances in opinion propagation dynamics: A 2020 Survey. ArXiv:2004.05286 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.05286

reporter, A. B. closeAaron B. political, & FixEmailEmailBioBioFollowFollow, writing for T. (n.d.). Analysis | A new study suggests fake news might have won Donald Trump the 2016 election. Washington Post. Retrieved April 8, 2020, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2018/04/03/a-new-study-suggests-fake-news-might-have-won-donald-trump-the-2016-election/

Perhaps it was more the fact that the electorate just didn't know or trust the Steyer, Buttigieg, and Klobuchar centrist crowd enough to vote for them with time running out. As a result the old tried-and-true guy you know pulls in all the people. He didn't really need an inciting incident other than the looming election. Following the debate without anything else to use to make a decision on, the choice was fait accompli.

The idea that Bernie is some kind of grouchy ogre is an old and ugly snipe. Nobody ever spends time talking about his smiles or immediate concern for people's physical safety or intensely deep sense of empathy for the blue collar working populace. He's not our friend. He won't call to wish us a happy birthday. He won't make us chuckle with a well-timed joke.

That's not his job.

His job is to, hopefully, become president and start working to change America into the land our Constitution promised. It's nowhere near impossible, but it won't be easy wresting control from the corporate establishment (AKA; The DNC). They are engineering the nomination process as we speak to keep Bernie from taking the nomination.

it would require TWENTY republican senators to vote for impeachment ASSUMING all democrats vote to impeach. most analysts view this as nigh impossible.

Wednesday

usually surprising laws are issued when it is near general election.

Michael Flynn and other advisers to Donald Trump’s campaign were in contact with Russian officials and others with Kremlin ties in at least 18 calls and emails during the last seven months of the 2016 presidential race, current and former U.S. officials familiar with the exchanges told Reuters.

Here, the author is using prolepsis to advise the reader that the rebuttal is anticipated and will be in the discussion. While doing this it leads to the appeal of logic, logos. It does this because once the opposition is reasoned it resonates within them and may give them a sense of understanding they may have not had before reading this article. Later on in the reading when Wagner illustrates the phone conversation with his mother it shows how they, personally, appealed to logic. Once they both gave their arguments on why they voted for their candidate they realized the reason they opposed each other's were for identical reason. Although this illustration was from an appeal of logos, it also, appeals to pathos; because it was a conversation with his mother it creates an emotional connection that will guide a reader to same realization as illustrated.

The author uses narration, or anecdotes, to further explain his argument of how social media has become the news source for politics and it's entity. He refers back to a time where he was hands-on in a political campaign that began the implementation of social media in politics which ties back to his argument. By doing this, he appeals to ethos; his credibility is built by narrating this story in his article. The audience now knows that he has knowledge of what goes on in the background of politics and can comfortably read this piece without second guessing his plausibility.