TRSP Desirable Characteristics Indigenous Peoples have the right to develop cultural governance protocols for Indigenous data and be active leaders in the stewardship of, and access to, Indigenous data especially in the context of Indigenous Knowledge

TRSP Desirable Characteristics Indigenous Peoples have the right to data that are relevant to their world views and empower self-determination and effective self-governance. Indigenous data must be made available and accessible to Indigenous nations and communities in order to support Indigenous governance.

TRSP Desirable Characteristics Data enrich the planning, implementation, and evaluation processes that support the service and policy needs of Indigenous communities. Data also enable better engagement between citizens, institutions, and governments to improve decision-making. Ethical use of open data has the capacity to improve transparency and decision-making by providing Indigenous nations and communities with a better understanding of their peoples, territories, and resources. It similarly can provide greater insight into third-party policies and programs affecting Indigenous Peoples.

"Growing a larger market, rather than trying to capture the value within it"; non-profit doesn't mean it's not profitable; it's loving the goose that lays the eggs

Viele New Yorker Juristen, darunter namhafte Staatsanwälte, unterstützen eine Resolution zur strafrechtlichen Verfolgung der großen Ölgesellschaften. Vorgeworfen wird den Firmen, fossile Brennstoffe über Jahrzehnte verkauft zu haben, ohne über die ihnen bekannten Gefahren zu informieren oder diese zu berücksichtigen. Gefordert wird eine Klage wegen fahrlässiger Gefährdung von Menschenleben. Dazu muss nicht nachgewiesen werden, dass der Tod bestimmter Menschen durch die Konzerne verursacht wurde https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/oct/17/new-york-big-oil-fueling-climate-disasters

https://metagov.org/projects/koi-pond

Metagov's KOI (Knowledge Organization Infrastructure) is a graph database that supports relationships between knowledge objects, users, and groups within Metagov. via JM

Useful stat

for - question - planetary emergency - ignorance or apathy - what should we do?

question - planetary emergency - ignorance or apathy - what should we do? - Johan Rockstrom advocates for three simultaneous internventions that must be executed in order to achieve the following impacts: - Legally binding global governance regimes must be implemented: immediately - Paris Agreement - biodiversity agreements - Internalize all externalities - Implement a global price on carbon emissions of at least 100 USD / ton - Stop all expansion of human activity into intact nature

for - governance - planetary subsidiary - no idea how to get there

for - governance - planetary subsidiary

for - governance - multi-scale - two problems

governance - multi-scale - two problems -1. Some scales such as planetary scale lack institutions to deal with problems on that scale - 2. Smaller-scale, subnational governance institutions don’t have the authority or resources necessary - to address local challenges in a way that - satisfies and responds to constituent desires. - both problems have the same common source - the nation state level calls all the shots

for - key insight - governance - new planetary scale - NOT the UN

for - quote - planetary governance is required - not global

quote - planetary governance is required - not global - The framing of problems as global - suggests that they can be addressed with the tools we have at hand: - modern political ideas and the architecture of global governance that has emerged - since the Second World War. - But planetary problems cannot. - This helps to explain why decades of attempts to manage planetary problems with global institutions have failed.

for - governance - failure of nation state - on global issues

for - governance - indigenous - training in humbleness - needed today!

for - Anthropocene - cross-scale spatial and temporal connectivity of water - governance - water - Anthropocene - cross scale - complexity - water governance - Anthropocene - from - Linked In post - new publication alart - to - Linked In post - new publication alert - Moving from fit to fitness for governing water in the Anthropocene

summary - This is a good review paper that summarizes findings from two decades of water research on river basins and watersheds, - It highlights how recent Anthropocene research shows the global interconnected nature of water systems, - which makes the traditional River Basin Organization form of local governance challenging since - variability in localities far from the governed river basin or watershed can have significant impact on it and vice versa - New governance systems must emerge to deal with this complexity

from - Linked In post - new publication alert - to - Linked In post - new publication alert - Moving from fit to fitness for governing water in the Anthropocene - https://hyp.is/GdXo1ipKEe-_FbMMhZGIMQ/www.linkedin.com/posts/activity-7207337444281659392-66RF/

for - from - Lilnked In Post - publication alert

from - Linked In - publication alert - Governance for Earth system tipping points – A research agenda - https://hyp.is/5KSgoipFEe-WkRuWZivLvw/www.linkedin.com/posts/manjana-milkoreit-9304313_governance-for-earth-system-tipping-points-activity-7207310870534578176-d9/

for - to - Linked In post - publication alert - Governance for Earth System Tipping Points - A Research Agenda

to - Linked In post - publication alert - Governance for Earth System Tipping Points - A Research Agenda - https://hyp.is/Y-UqTipGEe-EVuflmhInnQ/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589811624000168

Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die COP28 mit dem Emissions Peak für Treibhausgase zusammenfallen könnte. Um das 1,5°-Ziel zu erreichen, müssten allerdings die Emissionen bis 2030 um die Hälfte sinken. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2023/nov/29/cop28-what-could-climate-conference-achieve

• for: SONEC, neighborhood circles, downscaled planetary boundaries, earth system boundaries, community governance, neighborocracy, neighbourhood parliament, healthy power, toxic power

• title: SoNeC: Sociocratic Neighbourhood Circles in Europe

• date: 2022
• authors:
  • Barbara Sirauch
  • Rita Mayrhofer

• collaborators

  • Maria-Juliana Byck
  • Orsolya Lelkes
  • Johannes Zimm
  • Pia Haerlinger
  • Naya Tselepi
  • Nathaniel Whitestone

• summary

  • SONEC offers a framework for relocalization of the economy but it will require very careful planning to create the right conditions for the emergence of local wellbeing economies.
  • One of the leverage points is the cosmolocal nature of SONEC, allowing the rapid, global sharing of good and best practices
  • This will be important because if SONEC is to reach its potential to awaken the sleeping giant of citizens to drive the necessary changes to mitigate the worst of the current existential polylcrisis, we will need a global synchronization of collective action at the local level.

for - quote - digital decentralised governance - implications of for civilization

quote - digital decentralised governance - implications of for civilization

• (see below)

• If that definition of civilization is accepted, that means that the creation of a non-local digital layer of infrastructure,

  • which allows for the massive self-organization and mutual coordination of trans-local projects,
• is in itself a fundamental challenge to the civilizational model as we have known it for the last five thousand years.

for - cosmolocal - nation state - alternative - decentralised governance

Article details - title - The Age of Trans-Local Self-Organized CoordiNations: What will it do to our Empire of Nation-States ? - author - Michel Bauwens - date - 2024 April 29 - source - https://4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/the-age-of-trans-local-self-organized

Open Polls Protocol Related Pages

• Decentralized Polls Announcement - <q>… Announcing work starting on a decentralized polling/voting protocol for all Hive Apps… by peak.open.</q>
• Open Polls Protocol Review - <q>… Open. PeakD Now Has Polls. Peak Open has worked on an Open Polls protocol for Hive for a while. On the front end side, it was first …</q>
• Open Polls Protocol Feedback - <q>… The Peak Open Projects team proposed a global protocol system for polls on Hive. A standalone HAF app can provide the interpreted polls data …</q>

Introduces the Open Polls Protocol, an initial version of a decentralized polls and voting system for Hive. That allows for advanced analytics and multiple voting qualifications and filters. The protocol specifies the rules for creating and participating in polls. Aiming to be integrated into various Hive-based UIs.

Could this Open Polls Protocol be useful in establishing long-term governance of Shrewdies3?

It's never too soon to think about such things. But not currently a priority as I'm currently fully involved with Pre-Launch activities.

In any case, this initiative serves a much wider purpose. So, my initial summary is:

• Who: The developers behind the decentralized polls and voting system for Hive.
• What: They have shared the protocol specification for the system. Which allows people to create and vote on polls with advanced analytics features and multiple voting qualifications and filters. The system is meant to be decentralized and integrated into various Hive-based UIs.
• Where: The decentralized polls and voting system is for the Hive ecosystem.
• Why: The system is intended to serve various purposes, from creating fun polls to voting on governance decisions. It also aims to enable decentralized decision-making and prioritization of features based on community input.
• When: The initial version of the protocol has been shared in the post.
• How: The system works by utilizing the Hive blockchain to store immutable poll data. Polls are created as regular Hive posts. With specific metadata fields defining them as polls. Users can vote on polls using custom_json operations, and the protocol specifies rules for creating and participating in polls. Users can change their votes or remove them if desired.

PID - Governance

for - social transition - rapid whole system change - cosmolocal - cosmo-local - anywheres - everywheres - commons - Michel Bauwens - P2P Foundation - somewheres - meme - glocalization - meme - cosmos-localization

summary - A good article introducing cosmo-localism as a logical vasilation of failed markets and states, swinging the pendulum back to the commons as a necessary precursor to rapid whole system change

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sortition

• for: collaborative commons, rapid whole system change - governance, 3rd party, TPF, power2thepeople political power, criminal power

-SUMMARY - A good article that - briefly traced the roots of the the major categories of power in modernity: - government - business - NGOs - and provides an argument for the emergence of a 4th power - the collaborative commons - it provide a model for the collaborative commons and a system diagram showing the various parts - I've critique I raise it that since it could only emerge within the technological mileau of the internet, it cannot be based upon an archaic, corporate and centralized power be structure. Even cryptocurrency is still centralized and there is generally a single point of failure. - When more important than decentralisation however, is that the current web id not people-centered and intertwingled with interpersonal - a necessary condition for a collaborative commons is their what we call a "flipped" web. - The indyweb and Indranet are being designed as an open function opens learning ecosystem for humanity at the level of trust networks - inter-operating with other larger systems, it can pay a role in creating the flipped web which can provide the human communication media for a collaborative commons

• comment

  • There night also be a bother 4th category of power not me- criminal mentioned - criminal power

• epiphany: new slogan

  • power2thepeople has a double meaning
    • political power
    • physical power
  • since modern society runs on physical power, we need the people too control it rather than serving a small group of financial elites

• for: adjacency - problem solving - governance sectors - cultural evolution

• adjacency between

  • governance sectors
  • problem solving
  • cultural evolution
• adjacency statement
  • Governance sectors culturally evolved to reflect different problem-solving approaches

• for: meme - continent of coherence, emerging commons governance, transition, awakening the sleeping giant

• annotate
• for: governance - country - commons approach

• for: key insight- polycrisis - climate crisis - political crisis, climate crisis - requires a new political party, money in politics, climate crisis - fossil fuel lobbyists, climate change - politics, climate crisis - politics, James Hansen - key insight - political action - 3rd party

• key insight

  • Both democrats and conservatives are captured by fossil fuel lobbyist interests
  • A new third political party that does not take money from special interests is required
  • The nature of the polycrisis is that crisis are entangled . This is a case in point. The climate crisis cannot be solved unless the political crisis of money influencing politics is resolved
  • The system needs to be rapidly reformed to kick money of special interest groups out of politics.

• question

  • Given the short timescale, the earliest we can achieve this is 2028 in the US Election cycle
  • Meanwhile what can we do in between?
  • How much impact can alternative forms of local governance like https://sonec.org/ have?
  • In particular, could citizens form local alternative forms of governance and implement incentives to drive sustainable behavior?

• for: question - SONEC community governance - participation

• question: SONEC community governance - participation

  • Communities have such diversity, multimeaningverse of lifeworlds converged
  • So many different capacities, limitations and worldviewes - I would recommend the Deep Humanity multi-meaningverse is important as a framework to mitigate misinterpretation

Lack of political uniformity

Just keep relearning the lessons of a 1000 years of governance experiments.

People have been trying decentralized governance for a really long time and it's really hard. Progress does not depend on structural innovation, duh! It depends mostly on ontological/cultural innovation (e.g. "god is watching" aka the internalized morality of e.g. late christian religion) with some amount of increased monitoring and transparency ...

ჩემს მიერ შერჩეული ბლოგი დაწერილია ქართველი და შვეიცარიელი სტუდენტების მიერ(ლუკა კაპიტანიო,სიმონე გიორზი და ნათია კეკენაძე) რომლის განხილვის საგანია თემზე დაფუძნებული მთის მმართველობა საქართველოში,სადაც აღწერილია მაღალმთიანი დასახლებების რისკები და მათი გამომწვევი მიზეზები,ასევე განხულილულია მათი სოციალურ-ეკონომიკური მდგომარეობა და მაღალმთიანი რეგიონების მომავალი.საერთაშორისო ორგანიზაციების და საქართველოს მთავრობის მჭიდრო თანამშრომლობის შედეგად შექმნილია ადგილობრივი სამოქმედო ჯგუფები(LAG),რომელთა მიზანი კერძო,საჯარო და სამოქალაქო საზოგადოების ადგილობრივ დონეზე დაკავშირება და მთის განვითარების პრიორიტეტების/საჭიროებების განსაზღვრაა.2020 წლიდან LAG-ები აქტიურად მუშაობენ საქართველოს თითქმის ყველა მუნიციპალიტეტში.მაგალითად ხულოს LAG აქტიურად იყო ჩართული 73-მდე ადგილობრივი განვითარების ინიციატივის დაფინანსებაში.LAG-ის დახმარებით დაფინანსდა ორი სამკერვალო მაღაზია,სადაც 15-მდე ადგილობრივი ქალი დასაქმდა(EU4GEORGIA,2020). "შესაბამისად,უაღრესად მნიშვნელოვანია ისეთი ინსტიტუტების შექმნა,რომლებიც შესაძლებელს გახდის შესანიშნავი კომუნიკაციის საშუალებას ადგილობრივ მთის თემებსა და შესაბამის პოლოტიკურ ინსტიტუტებს შორის,რათა შესაძლებელი გახდეს საუკეთესო მმართველობა". გიორგი ჟამიერაშვილი

• for: adjacency - consciousness - multiscale context

• adjacency between

  • Michael's example
  • my idea of how consciousness fits into a multiscale system
• adjacency statement
  • from a Major Evolutionary Transition of Individuality perspective, consciousness might be seen as a high level governance system of a multicellular organism
  • this begs the question: consciousness is fundamentally related to individual cells that compose the body that the consciousness appears to be tethered to
  • question: Is there some way for consciousness to directly access the lower and more primitive MET levels of its own being?

GOvernance

• for: governance - story, story - choice, story, Inuit
• story
  • Three Inuit tribe members who get stranded in a blizzard during a hunt
    • They discuss their situation.
    • The two elders say their experience and instincts tell them to stay put and wait for rescue.
    • The younger hunter accepts the argument
      • but states his belief that it would be best for the group if one of them were to attempt to make it to safety and tell the rest of their community about their predicament.
    • Finally the younger hunter heads off.
    • In the end, the elders are rescued and the younger man dies.
    • There is
      • no blame,
      • no repercussions,
      • no second guessing the decisions.
    • The choices were the only ones the trio could have made in the circumstances.
    • They were respected, the young man’s death was mourned, and life went on.

• for: democracy, governance, alternative governance
• title
  • Something Better Than Democracy
• author
  • Dave Pollard
• date Sept 13, 2023
• source
  • https://howtosavetheworld.ca/2021/09/13/something-better-than-democracy/

https://wiki.earthmoonstars.space/

Discussed at Friends of the Lin 2023-05-10

Inspired by the Mondragon Corporation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondragon_Corporation

and Lionsberg https://lionsberg.wiki/

{Community}

{Formal Incentives]

{Living Will}

{Cannot Lobby}

{Transparent}

{Membership}

{Stakeholder Governed}

A similar set of questions might be asked of our political system. At present, the oligopolic nature of our electoral system is heavily biasing our direction as a country.

We're heavily underrepresented on a huge number of axes.

How would we change our voting and representation systems to better represent us?

Reddit : Fediverse :: Decentralized-by-policy : Decentralized-by-architecture

Good point! It makes me think that fediverse instances can look to subreddit governance as models for their own governance structures.

Rozenshtein, Alan Z., Moderating the Fediverse: Content Moderation on Distributed Social Media (November 23, 2022). 2 Journal of Free Speech Law (2023, Forthcoming), Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4213674 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4213674

Found via Nathan Schneider

Abstract

Current approaches to content moderation generally assume the continued dominance of “walled gardens”: social media platforms that control who can use their services and how. But an emerging form of decentralized social media—the "Fediverse"—offers an alternative model, one more akin to how email works and that avoids many of the pitfalls of centralized moderation. This essay, which builds on an emerging literature around decentralized social media, seeks to give an overview of the Fediverse, its benefits and drawbacks, and how government action can influence and encourage its development.

Part I describes the Fediverse and how it works, beginning with a general description of open versus closed protocols and then proceeding to a description of the current Fediverse ecosystem, focusing on its major protocols and applications. Part II looks at the specific issue of content moderation on the Fediverse, using Mastodon, a Twitter-like microblogging service, as a case study to draw out the advantages and disadvantages of the federated content-moderation approach as compared to the current dominant closed-platform model. Part III considers how policymakers can encourage the Fediverse, whether through direct regulation, antitrust enforcement, or liability shields.

!- strengthen governance : by entangling power with care, rights and solidarity

!- quotable : growing impact of democratic citizenry affect the steering institutions of governance

I'm surprised that the underlying assumption (and tone) not just here but in most tech discussion of this type, is still that 'everything' around a tech tool should be done through that tech tool. Of course you need to organise around it, and professionalise that in the face of growth or becoming more central to some group's functioning. Obviously you need to leverage other types of governance and decision making than what went into creating a tech at first. Institutionalising is a time proven way to sustain an effort. Technology = politics. You need to be a politician in your own technology space. A politican in the artisanal and as a practice / behaviour sense, not in the occupation sense. Vgl [[Mijn werk is politiek 20190921114750]] which mostly implies thinking at different levels of abstraction about your situation simultaneously (Vgl [[Triz denken in systeemniveaus 20200826114731]] but then socially as well as tech)

Sounds cool. Connects with the idea, borrowed from #web3 space, that you can think of policies as built of "primitives". In the case of primitives, it's about managing complexity of regulation - here it seems to mainly focus on managing incompatibility of jurisdictional law.

Fediverse should mean engaged citizens

Promises to be interesting wrt governance structures in moderation/adminning.

...but read on, I only highlighted the root comment because it sparked an interesting debate.

what is MakerDAO

Vaults, governance, oracles, collateral auctions

low attack cost or high attack value?

51% is not neccesary to manipulate governance to steal the system's collateral.

Staking or standalone value like soc exp pr in-person events.

Semi-DAO?

incentive failures, inertia or active capture by malicious actors

Ein weiteres Argument dafür, dass der ganze COP-Prozess nicht funktioniert. Die Steigerung der NDCs ist der Zweck der Prozesses, und nach der COP26 wurde gerade darauf gesetzt.time:

!- key insight : can an individual reshape the contours of their social situations instead of being shaped by them? * This realization would open up the door to authentic inner transformation * This is an important way to describe the discovery of personal empowerment and agency via realization of the bare human spirit, the "thought sans image"

!- in other words : This would be true individual DIRECT governance agency, rather than INDIRECT and ineffective representational agency.

!- question : governance gridlock of disparate actors

• This claim seems to make common sense but is it universally true?
• It would be useful for the authors to frame it in Stop Reset Go (SRG) / Deep Humanity (DH) epistemological framework of a multi-meaningverse of human actors in a world of self/other to explain the misunderstandings that lead to potential gridlock
• Employing the SRG/DH framing of the multi-meaningverse employs the concept of Husserl/Kraus Lebenswelt (lifeworld)/Lebenslage (life conditions) https://hyp.is/go?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbafybeicyqgzvzf7g3zprvxebvbh6b4zpti5i2m2flbh4eavtpugiffo5re.ipfs.dweb.link%2F08_article_kraus.pdf&group=world

!- question : claim: it is not useful to choose between hierarchical and collective and governor and that which is governed * Do the authors mean between capitalist vs socialist systems?

• This needs some sensemaking and examples to clarify and substantiate.

!- explanation : when human intention is communicated and triggers a governance decision in a social system * inner to outer flow * articulating inner experience * manifests as outer (communication/language/linguistic) behavior

!- question : human-driven governance * needs clarification !-gloss : human-driven governance

!- question : governance: * need examples to demonstrate

The authors are suggesting an alternative to traditional forms of institutional governance, even on a global scale that is independent of nation states or even an international organization to govern our entire civilization.

• orly Does Modi strict government induce economic growth during COVID

How to ingrain this into an organization without being dictatorial? I imagine: public pronouncements from high levels about the importance of cloud service governance, lots of education for decision-makers and implementers, clearinghouses of common information, open/blameless reports of problems.

multi-scalar governance complex (Levinson et al.,<br> 2020; Tröhler, 2020).

multi-scalar governance complex

An evolutionary approach is optimal.

This is a critical requirement to make decentralized governance practical.

Castillo, C., Villalobos Dintrans, P., & Maddaleno, M. (2021). The successful COVID-19 vaccine rollout in Chile: Factors and challenges. Vaccine: X, 9, 100114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100114

Schmitt, C. E., November 7, & 2020. (n.d.). ‘Be the Twitter that you want to see in the world’. Harvard Law Today. Retrieved 1 March 2021, from https://today.law.harvard.edu/be-the-twitter-that-you-want-to-see-in-the-world/

<small><cite class='h-cite via'>ᔥ <span class='p-author h-card'>Maria Farrell</span> in What is Ours is Only Ours to Give — Crooked Timber (<time class='dt-published'>05/18/2021 11:28:17</time>)</cite></small>

<small><cite class='h-cite via'>ᔥ <span class='p-author h-card'>Maria Farrell</span> in What is Ours is Only Ours to Give — Crooked Timber (<time class='dt-published'>05/18/2021 11:28:17</time>)</cite></small>

Komporozos-Athanasiou, Aris, Jonathan Paylor, and Christopher Mckevitt. ‘Governing Researchers through Public Involvement’. Journal of Social Policy, undefined/ed, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1017/S004727942100012X.

Chandler (2018) - Ontopolitics in the Anthropocene

• https://is.gd/X6hibF
• urn:x-pdf:6b0cc31c1425656fb1cacf5cd03fc3da

The report is titled Contribution of Smartphones to Digital Governance in India and the press release is at the link below :

https://icea.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Press-Release-ICEA-KPMG-Report_09072020_Contribution-of-Smartphones-to-Digital-Governance-in-Ind....pdf

Link to full Report

https://icea.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Contribution-of-Smartphones-to-Digital-Governance-in-India-09072020.pdf

Ostrom - Governing the Commons

• https://is.gd/M7rUBP
• urn:x-pdf:fe0cc82903f89d131f3f4a5a69b4a311

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, February 10). "Trying to appease both public health demands and the libertarian views of the free market has led not only to astronomical death tolls, such as in the US, UK, and Brazil, but to flailing economies. " 2/3 [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1359427735022694405

Snower. D. J., (2020), The Socio-​Economics of Pandemics Policy. Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved from: https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/pp162/

Sapir. A. (2020) European Union economies so differently? Policy contribution. Retrieved from: https://www.bruegel.org/2020/09/why-has-covid-19-hit-different-european-union-economies-so-differently/?utm_content=buffer5fc94&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer

first sighting: Temporary Benevolent Dictatorship

Brous, P., & Janssen, M. (2020). Trusted Decision-Making: Data Governance for Creating Trust in Data Science Decision Outcomes. Administrative Sciences, 10(4), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci10040081

Benvenisti, E. (2020). The WHO – Destined to Fail?: Political Cooperation and the COVID-19 Pandemic (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3638948). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3638948

Peterson, David, and Aaron Panofsky. ‘Metascience as a Scientific Social Movement’. Preprint. SocArXiv, 4 August 2020. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/4dsqa.

Malka, A., Lelkes, Y., Bakker, B. N., & Spivack, E. (2020). Who is Open to Authoritarian Governance within Western Democracies? [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/m8ze5

Ezra Klein on Twitter: “This is a governance failure, not an inevitability of the disease. https://t.co/A083PtNvD3” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved July 1, 2020, from https://twitter.com/ezraklein/status/1277641430962323456