This statement follows the broad thesis that imitation is far easier than innovation.

similarly, Margaret Boden assigns this situated action into the conceptual space; in any field, there are underlying structures a person pulls from to create "spontaneously" - jazz, chess, and molecular structures are examples;

carl sagan famously relayed that we are all stardust; all of creation is the remix of the same chemicals that make up the entire universe.

novelty itself, similar to innovation or progress are value-driven terms that often have positive connotations; as designers, we may assume that novelty is always good; there are numerous examples of 'dark' or 'immoral' examples of creativity; this is especially poignant now at the intersection of creativity and technology due to how "creative" scam artists are becoming or how "creative" a scam is;

others posit that rather than value being inherently good, value can be assigned if it's *effective as a means to it's intended end" see Explicating ‘creativity’, Paisley Livingston

There are many philosophical theories that explore computers as a tool that are extensions of humans. In some circles, humans have become cyborgs in that sense - they cannot be separated from the tools they use every single day.

in this context, flow is a psychological state of being completely absorbed in a activity that feels both effortless and challenging.

the full manuscript is dense, yet thoughtful and engaging.

Mihaly Csikszentmihaly's work is deeply influential in psychology, education, and HCI because he discusses how one can achieve higher levels of happiness by engaging in activities they find meaningful.

Margaret Boden, research professor at University of Sussex, has provided pivotal work in the exploration of creativity using interdisciplinary research across music, game, story, physics, and artificial intelligence to explore human creativity in arts, science, and life.

The Creative Mind is available to all on archive.org.

Work by ethnographer Annamarie Mol; in this context, the authors emphasize that understanding action in context involves exploring the rationale that guides the practice.

refers to how social theories and scientific approaches can enhance one another, leading to a more nuanced understanding of both.

Posthumanist Performativity: Toward an Understanding of How Matter Comes to Matter

the authors cite Sarah Harding, a feminist, antiracist philosopher who pioneered 'standpoint theory' to describe research based on experiences of people who have been excluded from knowledge creation in the past.

epistemic position is not simply limited how one approaches the topic of knowledge; in this context, the authors build upon previous frameworks that introduce the concept of epistemic positions to explore how knowledge is unequally valued, especially in regard to race and gender, in academia.

Epistemic injustice and epistemic positioning: towards an intersectional political economy

the study of knowledge; a matter of understanding what knowledge is, and how to distinguish between cases in which someone knows something and cases in which someone doesn't know something. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

to generate new ideas, make associations, combine concepts in relation to ideation activities.

to engage with physical knowledge gained through experience and the material world around us.

loosely organized approach to the study of knowledge stemming from feminist theory about gender and traditional epistemology (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy); here, the author utilizes this framework as a tool to challenge common assumptions that knowledge, or definitions of creativity, are entirely objective, as social factors like gender, race, and class tend to inform who is seen as a "knower".

Is it really?

for - Deep Humanity - children as natural philosophers - children - are naturally philosophers

Losing to evil intentions is indeed a big problem in the world. Thanks for your comment, Import Reaction Video.

Philosophy & religion should inherently be taught in education, which would partially solve this problem. Ethics. Morality.

Meet Bob Marshall<br /> Voyage LA Magazine

The most essential tool for typewriter repair… by [[Theodore Munk]]

Kurutz, Steven. “Now You Can Read the Classics With A.I.-Powered Expert Guides.” The New York Times, June 13, 2024, sec. Style. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/13/style/now-you-can-read-the-classics-with-ai-powered-expert-guides.html.

E.g. <br> Q: How is Cato the Younger stoic? <br> E: He chose to commit s*icide instead of surrendering to Caesar.<br> C: Cato the Younger is disciplined and follows his principles. He'd rather die than live a degraded life <br>

Note: I may not be right,

Ini bagus

Self-fulfilling prophecy?

Interesting. For me, humane values would be doing the right thing and helping people. I think Stoic philosophy resembles "humane values" in my regard.

Strongly Agree

for - Alfred North Whitehead - philosophy - process

Summary - This is a very insightful presentation of Whitehead's process philosophy. It's the first time I was introduced to it via Gyuri but I can see why he wanted to. I could identify many parallels with SRG and Deep Humanity ideas.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithkuil

Cahoone, Lawrence. The Modern Intellectual Tradition: From Descartes to Derrida - Course Guidebook. The Great Courses 4790. Chantilly, VA: The Teaching Company, 2010. https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/modern-intellectual-tradition-from-descartes-to-derrida.

Cahoone, Lawrence. The Modern Intellectual Tradition: From Descartes to Derrida. Audible Audio Edition. The Great Courses 4790. Chantilly, VA: The Teaching Company, 2013. https://www.amazon.com/Modern-Intellectual-Tradition-Descartes-Derrida/dp/B00DTO5BTO.

Annotation URL: urn:x-pdf:92bff7dc89e6440afc484388b7b72d79

alternate version: https://jonudell.info/h/facet/?user=chrisaldrich&max=100&exactTagSearch=true&expanded=true&url=urn%3Ax-pdf%3A92bff7dc89e6440afc484388b7b72d79

How does one find their purpose in life?

• Who: The author, Meya Teingi, and Billie Eilish.
• What: Reflecting on the song "What was I made for" by Billie Eilish and discussing the search for purpose in life.
• Why: To explore the idea of finding one's purpose in life and the struggle to maintain happiness.
• When: The author listened to the song in the morning.
• How: The author relates to the song's themes of searching for purpose and feeling lost in life. They discuss the idea of societal expectations. And question what people are truly made for in life.

Arjuna struggles with moral decisions while serving his country. Jnana Yoga, often known as the "Yoga of Knowledge," is a highly profound kind of yoga that emphasizes realizing one's own transience and pursuing self-realization. Arjuna's journey through this Yoga illustrates the transformational potential of knowledge by serving as a metaphor for the seeker's journey towards enlightenment. In the face of adversity facing the challenges of line ones Dharma must still be fulfilled. This understanding reveals the moral and ethical beliefs Hindu philosophies operated by. Nonetheless philosophy like this can be applied to our own lives. Regardless of the mountain present in front of us, it is important that we seek and fulfill our life's purpose. .

the collective "we" here must broadly be the West, but even there our values, ethics, and morals aren't all the same. Things devolve further and more quickly beyond the cis-gendered white male perspective which Joy represents here.

direct attribution?<br /> likely in <br /> Hellinger, B., Weber, G., & Beaumont, H. (1998). Love's hidden symmetry: What makes love work in relationships. Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen. p. 328

for - William Li - personal philosophy - healthy food strategy - begin by asking about favorite foods

personal philosophy - William Li - what food do you eat that already brings you joy? - find out which ones are healthy - show them it's not heavy lifting

Here would be a good place to give a solid definition of humanity? What makes it special beyond the "self"?

We are genetically very closely related to great apes and chimpanzees and less closely to dogs, cats, and even rats. Do we miss our dogicity? Or ratanity?

What if the robot/human mix is somehow even more interesting and transcendent than humanity? His negativity doesn't leave any space for this possible eventuality.

read [[Dan Allosso]] in Actual Books

Sometimes a physical copy of a book gives one information not contained in digital scans. Allosso provides the example of Charles Knowlton's book The Fruits of Philosophy which touched on abortion and was published as a tiny hand-held book which would have made it easy to pass from person to person more discretely for its time period.

for - definition - actual occasion of experience - Whitehead - definition - society - Whitehead - Whitehead - process relational ontology - adjacency - Whitehead's philosophy - morphic resonance

definition - actual occasion of experience - Whitehead question - does Whitehead mean that reality itself is intrinsically evolutionary in nature and that it is constantly metamorphosizing? Is he making a claim similiar to Rupert Sheldrake's morphic resonance? Or we might say Sheldrake follows Whitehead

Explanation - Whitehead's Process Relational Ontology - Passage below is explanation of Whitehead's Process Relational Ontology

• There's always a little bit of novelty with each new drop of experience and so
• There's a kind of reality
• At its fundamental basis is a kind of evolving relationship among all of these
• Whitehead's technical term again actual occasions of experience and
  • as they co-evolve new habits emerge and these habits allow nature at various scales to form what Whitehead calls societies
• An example of a society of occasions or experiential events would be hydrogen atoms
• The first hydrogen atoms which emerge i think a few hundred thousand years after the big bang represent the growing together of what had been distinct processes
  • protons and electrons
• to form this relationship that would be enduring which we call the hydrogen atom
• That's a society of actual occasions of experience that has formed
• and then hydrogen atoms continue this evolutionary process and collect together into the first stars
• and a star would be another example of a society of actual occasions of experience
• and as these new forms of social organization are emerging over the course of cosmic evolution
  • what physics describes in terms of laws begin to take shape
• but again for Whitehead these are not eternally fixed laws imposed on the process of evolution that's unfolding
• Rather what we call laws
  • emerge from out of that process itself
  • as a result of the creative relationships being formed by these actual occasions of experience
• So rather than speaking of laws imposed from outside,
  • Whitehead understands uh physical law
  • in terms of the habits which emerge over the course of time
    • as a result of relationships
• So for Whitehead, the task of philosophy is really
  • to situate us in our experience
• His is a is an experiential metaphysics and
  • as we've seen in our study of Goethe
  • the idea here is not to look behind or beyond experience for something which might be the cause of experience
  • The participatory approach to science that Goethe and Whitehead were both attempting to articulate
    • requires that we stay with experience
      • so metaphysics then
        • is not an effort to explain away our common sense experience
        • it's really the effort to bring logical coherence and consistency to experience
          • to find the all-pervasive relationships among various aspects of experience
• And so science becomes the search for those relationships within experience
  • rather than the search for some mechanical explanation which would be
    • before,
    • behind or
    • beneath experience

for - Whitehead's philosophy - Whitehead - limitations of language - Indra's Net - Whitehead - process relational ontology

• Whitehead says that

  • philosophy is an attempt to express the infinity of the universe
    • in terms of the LIMITATIONS OF LANGUAGE

• And i think this image of the spiderweb with the dewdrops each reflecting the others is the perfect analogy for whitehead's ontology

• You may have heard of indra's net from madhyamaka buddhism
  • the idea of dependent co-origination of all things
    • that nothing has independent abiding existence
      • but is rather caught up in a network of
        • relations or
      • causes and conditions
    • and so you can't remove any of the nodes in the network without destroying the node and totally changing the rest of the network that it was embedded within
• This is the key to what a process RELATIONAL ONTOLOGY is trying to reveal to us about the nature of reality
• Dependent co-origination or you could say
  • the inter-penetration of all things
• though in Whitehead's cosmology there really are no things
  • if by thing you mean an inert isolated entity
• Whiteheads ontology is really composed of events or processes
• You could say and these processes for whitehead are
  • drops of experience
• So for whitehead, there's no node in the network of reality that is not there for itself
• It is not enjoying some degree of experience or subjectivity or has some degree or capacity for feeling

for - adjacency - Whitehead - emptiness

adjacency - between - Whitehead's philosophy - emptiness - adjacency statement - Whitehead's philosophy is similiar to the Buddhist concept of emptiness

for - outsider advantage - fresh eyes - outsider advantage - autodidactic - Whitehead - philosophy - paradigm shift

• He would teach at harvard from 1924 until 1937
• This is when most of his major philosophical books were written
• He reports in 1924 in the fall when he began teaching his first philosophy course to these students at harvard that
  • it was also his first philosophy course
• Of course he'd been studying philosophy but he'd never had formal education in it
• So as is often the case with major paradigm changes
  • someone from outside the discipline within which they provide some new paradigmatic understanding
  • is looking at the old problems with fresh eyes
  • They don't have the disciplinary training that would tend to leave one stuck in the existing concepts and categories
• Whitehead is coming into philosophy with fresh eyes

for - Whitehead's philosophy of Organism

Deleuze, Gilles. L’Abécédaire de Gilles Deleuze, avec Claire Parnet - Lecture Recording 1 - A to F, 15 December 1988. Interview by Claire Parnet. Transcript, December 15, 1988. https://deleuze.cla.purdue.edu/lecture/lecture-recording-1-f/.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_without_organs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_Age

• for: philosophy - of wonder, Howard L. Parsons, phenomenology - wonder, wonder - theory of

• title: A Philosophy of Wonder

• author: Howard L. Parsons
• date: Sept, 1969

Suggested by The Toronto Philosophy Meetup<br /> The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing, 1450-1800 (Pre-Read), Fri, Dec 15, 2023, 6:00 PM - Meetup

Ran across David Auerbach's blog while looking up a note on Keith Thomas.

https://www.waggish.org/

He's got some interesting looking stuff on Hans Blumenberg in translation.

• for: definition - stuporism, philosophy - of wonder

• definition: stuporism

  • the philosophy of wonder encountered in everyday life

• for: insightful - Husserl, adjacency - Husserl - Eastern philosophy

this is a good start at a definition of teaching

While true, I don't think the underlying evil as such played a role in whether a philosophy arose from ancient Rome, but having a large enough layer of society that can afford spending time musing and thinking or be an audience for that thinking. The source of that wealth isn't a cause even though the wealth is a prerequisite to free up time and energy. The extraction made that possible of course, and it is not much different now. BigTech probably feels resonance because it's a global extractive industry too. I remember from my Latin at school how we would read texts by certain authors where they made some nuanced ethical point, while in the same text never bothering to question slavery. Or even in the same paragraph along the lines of "you need to treat slaves as human beings", except for the keeping them enslaved part ofcourse.

There's something here about cultural appropriation across eras. The Renaissance did, claiming the mantle of the Roman civiliisation as its predecessor, and thus we in the West tend to see that as our cultural lineage. Cherry picked of course, not wholesale, as we tend to with more immediate own history too (Dutch Golden Age and the role of slave trade and colonial extraction e.g. unacknowledged but being a safe haven for religious refugees from elsewhere in Europe such as the Sefardim or Hugenots clearly embraced)

Book of Deuteronomy, Robert Altar Translation<br /> Chapters 1-11 2023-11-06 at 2:30 PM PST

Link to: https://hypothes.is/a/Wj9QtHXiEe6-Uo_sCOjBSQ

https://www.meetup.com/the-toronto-philosophy-meetup/events/296803036/

A stark statement that lays bare the original sin of Western thought.

This definition common "to all" presupposes an audience here, thus different cultures with different viewpoints are very likely to have radically different philosophies.

yes I think they exist but they are hard to find. Public intellectuals do not seek to build audiences - either for the sake of social media presence or for mass appeal. They attract modest audiences of likeminded people.

• for: quote, quote - metaphysics

• quote

  • even as you set out to ignore metaphysics, you're probably engaged in some form of metaphysical speculation.
• author: Dan Robinson
• date: 2011

See full quote: https://hypothes.is/a/TTPGtl_GEe6psRsVpOxigg

Whitehead, Alfred North. Process and Reality: An Essay in Cosmology (Gifford Lectures, Delivered in The University of Edinburgh during the Session 1927-1928). Edited by David Ray Griffin and Donald W. Sherburne. 2nd edition, Corrected. 1929. Reprint, New York: Free Press, 1978.

Doto, Bob. “Inspired Destruction: How a Zettelkasten Explodes Thoughts (So You Can Have New Ones).” Personal blog. Writing by Bob Doto (blog), September 13, 2023. https://writing.bobdoto.computer/inspired-destruction-how-a-zettelkasten-explodes-thoughts-so-you-can-have-newish-ones/.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizome_(philosophy)

Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph. Georg Christoph Lichtenberg: Philosophical Writings. Edited and translated by Steven Tester. SUNY Series in Contemporary Continental Philosophy, 1.0. State University of New York Press, 2012.

formed by Greek words mean freedom and madness

• in other words
  • a meta transformation from philosophy to science

A good theory explains, predicts, and delights!

Sutton and Staw (1995) enlist parts of an article that are not theory that are: references, data, list of variables or constructs, diagrams, hypotheses or prediction (p. 372-377):

Sutton, Robert I; Staw, Barry M. (1995). What Theory is Not. Administrative Science Quarterly; Sep 1995; 40, 3; ABI/INFORM Global pg. 371 Retrieved from https://web.mit.edu/curhan/www/docs/Articles/15341_Readings/Doctoral_Resources/Sutton_Staw_What%20theory%20is%20not.pdf

This is six question to understand the state of art of a theory

published article can be cited as below:

Sacha Golob (2019) A New Theory of Stupidity, International Journal of Philosophical Studies, 27:4, 562-580, DOI: 10.1080/09672559.2019.1632372

• for: definition, definition - mentalism, hermetic philosophy
• definition: Mentalism
  • things are created from and expand from the mind
• paraphrase
• quote
  • There are different ways that you can interpret this,
    • but in its simplest form it means that
    • everything that we do in life begins with a thought or a feeling.
  • The thought or feeling always precedes the action. / Comment: This is part of the philosophy of Deep Humanity that entangles inner transformation with outer transformation /
  • Therefore the inner world, the spiritual world, drives the physical world. It is a mirror. / Comment: A Deep Humanity way to express this is to say that the outer world is a reflection of the cumulative inner world's of humanity/
  • Everything that humans have ever done throughout our entire history
    • has begun as thoughts and feelings,
    • which then manifested as actions in the physical world.
  • Our society is therefore shaped by the interaction between
    • our inner worlds and
    • the laws of nature.
  • We cannot change the laws of nature
    • and so if we want to change the world,
    • we must focus our attention inwards. / Comment: Again, this is reflected in the Deep Humanity phrase: A stimuli occurs, the heart feels, the mind thinks, the body acts and an impact appears in our public, shared reality/

• for: spirituality, defintion, definition - possibilian, defintion - possibilanism, possibliian, possibilianism, David Eagleman, philosophy, quote, quote - David Eagleman, quote - possibilian, quote - possibilianism
• definition
• paraphrase Possibilianism is a philosophy which rejects
  • both
    • the idiosyncratic claims of traditional theism and
    • the positions of certainty in atheism
  • in favor of a middle, exploratory ground.
  • The term was first defined by neuroscientist David Eagleman in relation to his book of fiction Sum.
  • Asked whether he was an atheist or a religious person on a National Public Radio interview in 2009, he replied
  • quote
    • I call myself a Possibilian: I'm open to ideas that we don't have any way of testing right now.
  • end quote
  • In an interview with the New York Times, he expanded upon this:
  • quote
    • Our ignorance of the cosmos is too vast to commit to atheism, and yet
    • we know too much to commit to a particular religion.
    • A third position, agnosticism, is often an uninteresting stance in which a person simply questions whether his traditional religious story
      • (say, a man with a beard on a cloud) is true or not true.
    • But with Possibilianism I'm hoping to define a new position
      • one that emphasizes the exploration of new, unconsidered possibilities.
    • Possibilianism is comfortable holding multiple ideas in mind;
    • it is not interested in committing to any particular story.
  • end quote

abramdemski suggests starting with an idea you're interested in working on and fleshing out when you start your zettelkasten. This harkens back to Montessori teaching philosophies.

Education is so much more than preparing for a future job. The purpose of education is to understand the world around us. We are always in an endless pursuit of knowledge. We cannot know everything, but we will surely try. Education helps us expand our minds and understand complex ideas. This passage challenges the reason why we seek further knowledge. To see education as not just an end goal for a job but to see education as a means to understand the mystery of the world around us.

thats how relationships built. also, i now desperately crave to be in a qpr.

mythological legitimization of transness. positions being trans as inherently revolutionary, i think. we are children of Lilith and must embrace The Slime™.

Hutchins indicates that John Dewey was misunderstood as a philosopher of education.

The sixth step, most essential as well, is to Accept the Wins

Owning the losses means also owning the wins.

The fifth step is to have Selective Memory only choose to remember the events that serve the future. Things that help to improve in the future.

It's like Marcus Aurelius wrote (in a slightly different way): "Ask yourself at any moment, is this essential?" In this way it would become: "Ask yourself at any moment, does this help me?"

The fourth step is to Apply the Reflection. Adjust behavior based on reflection. We improve not for validation, we improve for ourselves (stoic philosophy)

Document the journey in for example a journal. Make a comparison between what would be done in the past and what will be done in the future.

Data collection. Measurement.

Marginal Gains. It's sort of a daily continous Kolb's cycle but in a more lightweight form. I can already see the power in this. Absolute gem.

Could also be overwhelming if applied to a lot. therefore, use the power law and focus on what is essential to life change. (thanks Dr. Benjamin Hardy.)

The third step is to Reflect and think into the future. Extract meaning and lessons from the failure. Think about opportunities.

Reflection increases confidence. Kolb's can help with this a lot.

The second step is Sit with the loss in order to find the (root) cause of the loss or pain. Do not avoid the pain, don't distract oneself, instead embrace it and feel it.

Endurance can be trained. Comfort with uncomfortability can be trained in the same way.

Accept and sit in the fire. Embrace the turmoil.

The first step to deal with loss of any kind, be it a girlfriend, love, job, purpose, etc. Is to ACCEPT YOU LOST

Failure = Failure.

Failure is inevitable, and will be part of any learning process. Therefore it should not be avoided at all costs. It should be used to learn from. However; there is also no point in seeking failure, for if failure is not something negative, there is no point to improve (says the author at least)

Original accident: elke tech heeft een onbedoeld gevolg, en dat leidt uiteindelijk tot een 'ongeval'. zo leer je meer over het wezen van die tech, en wat er verbeterd moet worden. Virilio vreest kennelijk dat huidige tech dev tempo te hard is om dat proces beheersbaar te laten verlopen.

https://anarch.cc/uploads/paul-virilio/the-original-accident.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Virilio

"Accidents reveal the substance"

Note: When in need of more stoic books, and appropriate editions: Refer back to this video.

Uvažováním nad hypotetickými situacemi se zabývají kontrafaktuály.

My view: intention as what to gather/learn, attention as what to do in the moment, looking at a note, which makes us aware of that thing, which results into curiosity (also good entry to flow)

Seems consistent with how Popper used the terms [[falsification]] and [[falsifiability]] noted here

A passage from [[Karl Popper]] about how he distinguishes between [[falsifiability]] and [[falsification]].

Popper's "falsification" seems related to [[Imre Lakatos]]'s notion that a [[research programme]] has a [[hard core]]

of central theses that are deemed irrefutable—or, at least, refutation-resistant—by methodological fiat. (Musgrave & Pigden 2021, SEP article linked below)

Also, what Popper calls "falsifiable"/"falsifiability" is similar to Lakatos's

[[protective belt]] of [[auxiliary hypotheses]] which has to bear the brunt of tests and gets adjusted and re-adjusted, or even completely replaced, to defend the thus-hardened core. (FMSRP: 48)

[[Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes]]

There's seems to be a curious reversal between Popper & Lakatos. The theoretical component for Lakatos (ie, the "hard core") can't be falsified, whereas the theoretical component for Popper (ie, something being "falsifiable in principle") is a

purely logical concept … [that] rests on a logical relation between the theory in question and the class of basic statements (or the potential falsifiers described by them). (Popper 1982, from passage above)

A crucial difference between Lakatos & Popper is that for Lakatos

A research programme can be falsifiable (in some senses) but unscientific and scientific but unfalsifiable. (Musgrave & Pigden 2021, SEP article linked below)

This seems in direct conflict with one of Popper's views that falsifiability can serve as a [[demarcation criterion]] for what is scientific and non-scientific.

Cf. 2.2 of "Imre Lakatos" on SEP

The art of the "aha" moment.

The author, Rediscovering Analog, reads a book at least twice, usually. He first reads it mainly for pleasure, just to enjoy it and to see what's in it. During the second time, if applicable, he goes through the book using intellectual (or learning) systems and methodologies to extract value from the book.

The first pass, which the author terms Scouting, is thus namely for enjoyment, but keeping in mind what might be valuable or interesting that will be valuable in the future, basically an unguided open ear. He has a list of scouted books in each section of the Zettelkasten that might be relevant to the section. What he does is have a stack of physical cards there with just the name of the book and the author, without anything else. Then when author proceeds to extract value from the book, he takes the card out and puts it in the respective book. Afterwards throwing this particular card into the trash. It's a form of the Anti-Library.

( Personally, I would include an appropriate reading cost and a level on Adler's hierarchy of books. In addition, I would make sure that my process of orientation, in the Inquiry-Based Learning framework, has been completed before I put it as a book within the Anti-Library. )

This may not be the most efficient for the purpose of acquiring value, but efficiency is not all there is. Enjoyment is a big part of intellectual work as well, as Antonin Sertillanges argues in his book The Intellectual Life: Its spirit, methods, conditions, as well as Mihaly Csikszentmihaliy in his book Flow.

My 3 Criticisms of Using UgMonk’s new ‘Analog’ Productivity System. by Jason Chatfield

The Incoherence of the Philosophers by al-Ghazali marks a dramatic turn in Islamic philosophy away from Aristotle and Plato which had been followed by previous Arab philosophers like Avicenna and al-Farabi.

al-Ghazali practiced a theological form of occasionalism, which suggested that God was the cause of events. This was rebutted by Averroes a century later, but al-Ghazali's influence on Islamic thought broadly won out.

Great point

Such a great point. Often we discard what we presume to be fringe case ideas when they might true because "reality is very weird".

Recommended Source

Under the "More on Philosophies of Copyright" section, I recommended adding the scholarly article by Chinese scholar Peter K. Yu that explains how Chinese philosophy of Yin-Yang can address the contradictions in effecting or eliminating intellectual property laws. One of the contradictions is in intellectual property laws protecting individual rights while challenging sustainability efforts for future generations (as climate change destroys more natural resources.

Yu, Peter K., Intellectual Property, Asian Philosophy and the Yin-Yang School (November 19, 2015). WIPO Journal, Vol. 7, pp. 1-15, 2015, Texas A&M University School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 16-70, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2693420

Below is a short excerpt from the article that details Chinese philosophical thought on IP and sustainability:

"Another area of intellectual property law and policy that has made intergenerational equity questions salient concerns the debates involving intellectual property and sustainable development. Although this mode of development did not garner major international attention until after the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the Yin-Yang school of philosophy—which “offers a normative model with balance, harmony, and sustainability as ideals”—provides important insight into sustainable development."

Swiss educator Johann Pestalozzi (1746-1827) developed a holistic teaching philosophy in How Gertrude Teaches Her Children based on John Locke's ideas and used it to open his own schools.

See copies at https://archive.org/details/texts?query=How+Gertrude+Teaches+Her+

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Pestalozzi

The description of this scene is insinuating on the importance of the little things which I believe is what the author was trying to convey when asking such questions to seeing a dog with a bone. He even refers to Plato at one point who was known as a philosophical speaker who was wise in such ideas. "Plato says that true and reliable knowledge rests only with those who can comprehend the true reality behind the world of everyday experience." (Macintosh) Platos theory of forms suggested that there is a different reality to everything for each person. That would insinuate that for a dog, that bone is big thing worth his time, while as humans, we see the dog with his bone and think "why bother?".

所有好的原则都应该有性感的名字，所以我将其称为牛顿激光剑，因为它比奥卡姆剃刀更锋利、更危险。在其最弱的形式中，它说我们不应该争论命题，除非它们可以被精确的逻辑和/或数学证明具有可观察的结果。在其最强大的形式中，它要求列出可观察到的后果，并正式证明它们确实是所主张命题的后果。那些追随牛顿的哲学家被称为“科学家”，最终卡尔·波普尔出现并将这些异端的做法编入他著名的可证伪性划分标准。

直到数学家 Bolyai、Lobachevsky 和 ​​Riemann 的出现。 Bolyai 试图推导出一个矛盾，假设通过一个点，平行于给定的线，可以画出许多线。他疯狂地推导却没有得到矛盾，最终意识到他发明了一种新的几何学，它不同于欧几里德的几何学，但同样值得尊敬。Riemann 走了另一条路。他假设通过一个点，平行于给定的线，不能画出任何线。他意识到他也发明了另一种几何学，实际上是球体上大圆的几何学。

最终我得出结论，语言比宇宙更大，可以用同一句话来谈论现实世界中不可能同时存在的事物。现实世界可能包含一些从未被移动过的物体，也可能包含一种从未被成功抵抗过的力，但只有在所有可能的力都已经作用于这个物体上并且它没有移动时，才能确定这个物体是否真的不可移动。因此，这个问题可以通过在迄今不可移动的物体上尝试迄今不可抗拒的力来解决，看看会发生什么。无论物体是移动还是不动，都只会告诉我们迄今为止不可移动的物体实际上并非不可移动，或者迄今为止无法抵抗的力实际上是可以抵抗的。

There is a similar story of spear and shield in China. but I have only passively accepted it, never thinking deeply about it. I was amazed that the author could engage in such thinking even in the later grades of elementary school.

中国有类似的矛与盾的故事，但我只是被动接受，从未想过可以思考地如此深入。作者在小学高年级就能进行这种思考令我感到惊叹。

Article's Claim.

This is the core argument for claiming moral duty in avoiding epistemic harm, that is, not fighting wrong beliefs.