- Oct 2020
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boffosocko.com boffosocko.com
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As understood by the early scho-lastic philosophers, Aristotle taught also thatevery memory is composed of twoaspects: a ‘‘likeness’’ or ‘‘image,’’ which is visual in nature (simulacrum), and anemotional resonance or coloring (intentio), which serves to ‘‘hook’’ a particu-lar memory into one (or perhaps more) of a person’s existing networks of ex-perience.Memory works by association.
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- Feb 2020
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marxdown.github.io marxdown.github.io
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Image Credit: Detail from "The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (c. 1509–1511).
Euclid's common notions appear to be grounds for many of Marx's arguments in Ch. 1, but also throughout the book.
Near the beginning of Ch. 1 of the Elements Euclid lists them [PDF]:
- Things that are equal to the same thing are also equal to one another (the Transitive property of a Euclidean relation).
- If equals are added to equals, then the wholes are equal (Addition property of equality).
- If equals are subtracted from equals, then the differences are equal (Subtraction property of equality).
- Things that coincide with one another are equal to one another (Reflexive property).
- The whole is greater than the part.
Regarding the fifth, also see Aristotle, Metaphysics 8.6 [=1045a]; Topics 6.13 (=150a15-16);
On the concept of the "whole-before-the-parts" (along with the "whole of the parts" and the "whole in the part"), also see Proclus, El. Theol., prop. 67.
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- Oct 2019
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courses.lumenlearning.com courses.lumenlearning.com
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…it is not only necessary to consider how to make the speech itself demonstrative and convincing, but also that the speaker should show himself to be of a certain character…and that his hearers should think that he is disposed in a certain way toward them; and further, that they themselves should be disposed in a certain way towards him.[1]
Credibility or "ethos," per Aristotle.
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- Feb 2019
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Local file Local file
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syllogisms
The classic example:
All whales are animals that breathe by means of lungs.<br> All whales are mammals.<br> All whales are animals that breath by means of lungs.<br>
In the Prior Analytics, Aristotle presents the first system of logic, the theory of the syllogism (see the entry on Aristotle's logic and ch. 1 of Lagerlund 2000 for further details). A syllogism is a deduction consisting of three sentences: two premises and a conclusion. Syllogistic sentences are categorical sentences involving a subject and a predicate connected by a copula (verb). These are in turn divided into four different classes: universal affirmative (A), particular affirmative (I), universal negative (E) and particular negative (O), written by Aristotle as follows:
A – A belongs to all B (AaB) I – A belongs to some B (AiB) E – A does not belong to any B (AeB) O – A does not belong to some B (AoB)
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static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
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one's rational powers
This reminds me of Aristotle's rational animal and Nicomachean ethics.
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static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
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and the whole is really the flower of wisdom)
Vico seems to be opposed, then, to highly specialized education and in favor of breadth of knowledge. This has echoes of Aristotle and Cicero.
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Vico recommends balance
I knew Aristotle was hanging around here somewhere.
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- Jan 2019
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static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
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defy the logic of theexcluded middle
this is an important point to just slip in like this. The Law of Excluded Middle is one of the three fundamental laws of Aristotelian logic, that is, Western thought.
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www.gutenberg.org www.gutenberg.org
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static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
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then it becomes plain that rhetoricity, in whatsoever forms it takes, will recruitfrom whatever is available to it.
To add to Dr. Rivers's note on Aristotle, the philosopher famously defined rhetoric as the "ability to see the available means of persuasion" (I'm not quoting this exactly from a source in front of me, but it's pretty close to something like this)
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www.perseus.tufts.edu www.perseus.tufts.edu
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so "being " is used in various senses, but always with reference to one principle. For some things are said to "be" because they are substances; others because they are modifications of substance; others because they are a process towards substance, or destructions or privations or qualities of substance, or productive or generative of substance or of terms relating to substance, or negations of certain of these terms or of substance. (Hence we even say that not-being is not-being.)
Being is always one. Multiplicity is always to be reduced to unity.
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- Oct 2018
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www.mnemotext.com www.mnemotext.com
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Aristotle says: ἡ ψυχὴ τὰ ὄντα πώς ἐστιν.vi “Man’s soul is, in a certain way, entities.”
Heidegger > Aristotle: "Aristotle says: ἡ ψυχὴ τὰ ὄντα πώς ἐστιν.vi “Man’s soul is, in a certain way, entities.”" ||
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When considered philosophically, the λόγος itself is an entity, and, according to the orientation of ancient ontology, it is something present-at-hand. Words are proximally present-at-hand; that is to say, we come across them just as we come across Things; and this holds for any sequence of words, as that in which the λόγος expresses itself. In this first search for the structure of the λόγος as thus present-at-hand, what was found was the Being-present-at-hand-together of several words. What establishes the unity of this “together”? As Plato knew, this unity lies in the fact that the λόγος is always λόγος τινός. In the λόγος an entity is manifest, and with a view to this entity, the words are put together in one verbal whole. Aristotle saw this more radically: every λόγος is both σύνθεσις and διαίρεσις, not just the one (call it ‘affirmative judgment’) or the other (call it ‘negative judgment’). Rather, every assertion, whether it affirms or denies, whether it is true or false, is σύνθεσις and διαίρεσις equiprimordially. To exhibit anything is to take it together and take it apart. It is true, of course, that Aristotle did not pursue the analytical question as far as the problem of which phenomenon within the structure of the λόγος is the one that permits and indeed obliges us to characterize every statement as synthesis and diaeresis.
Heidegger > Aristotle: "every λόγος is both σύνθεσις and διαίρεσις" ||
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Instead we shall give an interpretation of Aristotle’s essay on time,ii which may be chosen as providing a way of discriminating the basis and the limitations of the ancient science of Being.
Heidegger > Aristotle: "interpretation of Aristotle's essay on time," (incomplete) ||
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s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com
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f Plato’s call for fitting the speechto the souls of the audience (1.2.3). These become Aristotle’s Bthos,or the projection of the character of the speaker as trustworthy;pathos, or consideration of the emotions of people in the audience;andlogos, inductive and deductive logical argument
This is the origin of the fundamentals of all rhetoric.
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Thus in 347 b.c.e., inanticipation of or soon after the death of Plato, Aristotle left Athensand went first to Assos in Asia Minor and then to the island of Lesbos,where he did much of his biological research
It is fascinating that he had an interest in biology despite being the master rhetorician.
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- Sep 2018
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www-jstor-org.proxy.library.georgetown.edu www-jstor-org.proxy.library.georgetown.edu
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e. Rhetoric is the counterpart of cookery, Socrates says, for just as cookery provides pleasure for the body with no regard for what truly benefits it, rhetoric gratifies the soul without considering its good. Consequently, rhetoric is ignoble flattery rather than art, both because it aims at the pleasant and also because it cannot give a rational account of its own activity.
Rhetoric as bad.
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He wants to learn, in other words, how to "make the weaker argument the stronger" (Clouds, 112-115
Rhetoric as slick
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www-jstor-org.proxy.library.georgetown.edu www-jstor-org.proxy.library.georgetown.edu
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udicial, deliberative, epideictic
Aristotle's three types of rhetoric
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- Jul 2018
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enculturation.net enculturation.net
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"Aristotle is Not Our Father."
What does she mean by this?
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- Mar 2017
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static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
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It was Aristotle who said that there can be no natural connection between the sound of any language and the things signi-fied, and, if we set the problem right side up and remember the other words before examining it, we shall have to agree with him.
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- Feb 2017
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static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
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Among the ancients, Aristotle, the earliest whose works arc extant, may safely be pronounced to be also the best of the systematic writers on Rhc• toric.
This is the shortest gloss of Aristotle I have ever seen, especially by one claiming him to be "the best."
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- Aug 2016
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books.google.ca books.google.ca
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Juma, Calestous. 2016. Innovation and Its Enemies: Why People Resist New Technologies. Oxford University Press.
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- May 2016
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books.google.ca books.google.ca
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Headrick, Daniel R. 2000. When Information Came of Age: Technologies of Knowledge in the Age of Reason and Revolution, 1700-1850. Oxford University Press.
Notes (American spelling).
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p. v. Has an interesting idea that the real contribution of the long eighteenth century to information was the ordering and typology systems.
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- Apr 2016
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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For ever since aristotle. About how easy it is now to remember.
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- Feb 2014
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yanisvaroufakis.eu yanisvaroufakis.eu
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Meanwhile, in his Rhetoric (1367a) he defines a free man (eleutheros) as a masterless person who needs obey no one because he does not depend on having to produce or sell anything.
interesting definition
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- Nov 2013
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caseyboyle.net caseyboyle.net
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Therefore let us allow Aristotle as sharp an intelligence in various subjects and branches of knowledge as any Aristotelian could imagine, for I admit that that philosopher had an amazing fecundity of talent.
agreed. I love some of Aristotle's other works, but did not so much appreciate his lengthy assertions on rhetoric.
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- Sep 2013
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rhetoric.eserver.org rhetoric.eserver.org
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The modes of persuasion are the only true constituents of the art
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Rhetoric is the counterpart of Dialectic. Both alike are concerned with such things as come, more or less, within the general ken of all men and belong to no definite science. Accordingly all men make use, more or less, of both; for to a certain extent all men attempt to discuss statements and to maintain them, to defend themselves and to attack others. Ordinary people do this either at random or through practice and from acquired habit. Both ways being possible, the subject can plainly be handled systematically, for it is possible to inquire the reason why some speakers succeed through practice and others spontaneously; and every one will at once agree that such an inquiry is the function of an art.
Rhetoric (and Dialectic) as both an art and commonplace function of all.
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caseyboyle.net caseyboyle.net
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Therefore things both are and are not.
This comment would make Aristotle roll over in his grave! For Aristotle, the firmest axiom of metaphysics (of everything, really) in the Principle of Non-Contradiction (PNC).
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