416 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. Depuis la révision constitutionnelle de 2003, la péréquation est un objectif de valeur constitutionnelle. L’article 72-2 de la Constitution dispose que : La loi prévoit des dispositifs de péréquation destinés à favoriser l'égalité entre les collectivités territoriales.
  2. Mar 2024
  3. Feb 2024
    1. A t-test is an inferential statistic used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups and how they are related

      Ttets definition.

  4. Jan 2024
    1. Chaque élève a droit au respect de son intégrité physique et morale, au respect de sa libertéde conscience, au respect de son travail et de ses biens, à la liberté d’expression. Chacun doituser de ces droits dans un esprit de tolérance et de respect d’autrui (article R. 421-5 du codede l’éducation)
    1. A very important project under construction, to regenerate and cosmo-localize our world

      to - Michel's Substack - Translation of interview with Hugo Mathecowitsch on the topic of - A system of sovereign bonds but for alternative types of sovereignties? https://hyp.is/RBLQirocEe6eoeeG2hk_Sw/4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/a-system-of-sovereign-bonds-but-for?showWelcome=true

      for - interview - Hugo Mathecowitsch - Michel Bauwens - substack article - interview - alternative types of sovereignties

    1. Speaking for myself, as a black man. I actually think this is a pretty stupid article, and the 6 other ones that are the EXACT SAME ARTICLE AS THISSS ARE JUST AS DUMB !!!!! 😭😭😭 One of the authors of this, was born in Amsterdam. after some googling you will see that its the capital of the Netherlands. So, they welcomed you into their country (You're not native to Amsterdam) The dutch allowed to live there, and this is how you repay them 😭 I understand that this tradition is racist, but its their culture, and its not up to you, to decide if it is allowed or not. SINCE YOUR NOT EVEN "DUTCH" 😭😭😭😭😭 Shits crazy. Yall need help fr.

    1. l'article 6 de la Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen rédigé le 26 00:05:06 août 1789 place le mérite au cœur de l'organisation sociale tous les citoyens étant égaux à ses yeux sont également admissibles à toute dignité place et emploi public selon leur capacité et 00:05:19 sans autre distinction que celle de leur vertuus et de leurs talents
  5. Nov 2023
    1. le premier article sur les discriminations en France c'est 94 dans Code pénal c'est 00:56:25 l'article 2251 du code pénal qui n'existe pas avant 94 donc il y a vraiment des j'allais dire des échelles de temps qui sont assez différentes dans ces valeurs
    1. Participants were asked to listen to 40 short English speech samples, half of which contained grammatical errors against articles (e.g., a/an, the).

      Only grammatical articles of English (the, a/an) are used for measurement in this study. While valid, it's a rather small (though important) subset of grammar. (note using Hypothesis)

      2nd para added (testing 3-min auto sync)

  6. Oct 2023
  7. Jul 2023
    1. Finding the engramSheena A. Josselyn1–4, Stefan Köhler5,6 and Paul W. Frankland1–4Abstract | Many attempts have been made to localize the physical trace of a memory, orengram, in the brain. However, until recently, engrams have remained largely elusive. In thisReview, we develop four defining criteria that enable us to critically assess the recentprogress that has been made towards finding the engram. Recent ‘capture’ studies use novelapproaches to tag populations of neurons that are active during memory encoding, therebyallowing these engram-associated neurons to be manipulated at later times. We proposethat findings from these capture studies represent considerable progress in allowing us toobserve, erase and express the engram

      A 2015 neuroscience paper that gives 4 criteria for what an [[engram]] is, and argues that recent (at the time) developments in certain laboratory mice experiments suggested that engrams do exist.

    1. A paper recommended by Pablo B. which is about the implementation of a software for iterative visualizations. Looks very promising

    2. The resulting system effec-tively models diagram genera-tion as a compilation process,where the compilation targetis a constrained optimizationproblem rather than (say) a bi-nary executable or a static im-age.

      A neat idea of using compilation to target [[constrained optimization problem]] instead of a binary executable or static image.

    1. In contrast to visuospatial attention, language function is widely accepted to lateralize to the (dominant) left hemisphere (Friederici, 2017). Tissue damage to the left temporo-parietal cortex has been reported, for decades, to cause impairments of semantic processing – key to reading and other elaborate forms of language comprehension (Binder et al., 2009; Hartwigsen et al., 2016; Seghier, 2013).

      Suggests the [[left hemisphere of the brain]] is the primary part when using language.

    1. Depending on the researcher, CEN is often referred to as the executive-control network (ECN), or the frontoparietal network (FPN), and is sometimes divided to CEN and the dorsal attention network (DAN) [i.e., Ref. (29)].

      Suggests that - [[central executive network]] - [[executive-control network]] - [[frontoparietal network]] are synonymous.

    1. It has been demonstrated that areas most commonly activated following top-down cues to attend to particular locations, features, or objects are located along the dorsal parts of the parietal cortex. Such areas include inferior parietal lobule (IPL), dorsomedial regions referred to as superior parietal lobule (SPL), as well as more medial regions along the precuneus gyrus (Yantis et al., 2002; Giesbrecht et al., 2003; Liu et al., 2003; Yantis and Serences, 2003; Figure 1). Several top-down tasks have been shows to successfully engage dorsal regions of the parietal cortex, namely those involving spatial (Kastner et al., 1999; Corbetta et al., 2000; Hopfinger et al., 2000; Shomstein and Behrmann, 2006; Chiu and Yantis, 2009; Greenberg et al., 2010) as well as non-spatial shifts of attention (Giesbrecht et al., 2003; Yantis and Serences, 2003; Shomstein and Yantis, 2004b, 2006; Tamber-Rosenau et al., 2011).

      Suggests that [[top-down tasks]] that involve spatial & non-spatial shifts of attention activate:<br /> - [[inferior parietal lobule]] - [[superior parietal lobule]] - medial regions along the [[precuneus gyrus]]

    1. A paper that gives an overview of the different roles that have been proposed for the [[inferior parietal lobule]], and proposes an alternative account.

    1. The frontoparietal control system includes many regions identified as supporting cognitive control and decision-making processes including lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and inferior parietal lobule.

      Suggests the [[frontoparietal control network]] includes: - [[lateral prefrontal cortex]] - [[anterior cingulate cortex]] - [[inferior parietal lobule]]

    1. In brief, each of the networks comprised peak regions that were isolated in a multivariate spatio-temporal PLS (Krishnan et al., 2011) analysis of three tasks: autobiographical planning, visuospatial planning, and counting. The autobiographical planning task involved primarily internally directed cognition, with participants making personal plans in response to cued goals (e.g. freedom from debt). The visuospatial planning task was the Tower of London, which involves primarily externally directed cognition, as participants determine the minimum number of moves to solve a visual puzzle. The counting task involved the sequential counting of vowels in random letter sequences, a low-demand externally directed task.

      The 3 kinds of tasks used:

      • [[autobiographical planning task]]
      • [[visuospatial planning task]]
      • [[counting task]]
    1. Here we report a patient with a lesion of the superior parietal lobe who shows both sensory and motor deficits consistent with an inability to maintain such an internal representation between updates. Our findings suggest that the superior parietal lobe is critical for sensorimotor integration, by maintaining an internal representation of the body's state. <div class="c-nature-box c-nature-box--side " data-component="entitlement-box"> <div class="js-access-button"> <a href="https://wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri&#x3D;https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fnn1098_529" class="c-article__button" data-test="ra21" data-track="click" data-track-action="institution access" data-track-label="button"> <svg class="u-icon" width="18" height="18" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><use href="#icon-institution"></use></svg> <span class="c-article__button-text">Access through your institution</span> </a> </div> <div class="js-buy-button"> <a href="#access-options" class="c-article__button c-article__button--inverted" data-test="ra21" data-track="click" data-track-action="buy or subscribe" data-track-label="button"> <span>Buy or subscribe</span> </a> </div> </div>

      Suggests the [[superior parietal lobule]] helps maintain an internal model of the body's state.

      Does this imply that it's a part of the [[default mode network]] when doing this modeling?

    1. Superior parietal damage was reliably associated with deficits on tests involving the manipulation and rearrangement of information in working memory, but not on working memory tests requiring only rehearsal and retrieval processes, nor on tests of long-term memory. These results indicate that superior parietal cortex is critically important for the manipulation of information in working memory.

      Suggests the [[superior parietal lobule]] is important for manipulating info in [[working memory]].

    1. Interactivity Fosters Bayesian Reasoning Without Instruction

      A fascinating paper on how students can solve conditional probabilistic problems much easier when given a deck of cards that they can physically manipulate. A good example of the [[distributed cognition]] framework being applied and yielding positive results.

    1. Minimal phenomenal experience: Meditation, tonic alertness, and the phenomenology of “pure” consciousness Articles https://doi.org/10.33735/phimisci.2020.I.46 Published 2020-03-24 Thomas Metzinger

      A paper I found helpful in trying to figure out if there is a distinction between a [[pure consciousness event]] and [[nonduality]]. Has some helpful case studies of people giving verbal descriptions of what their meditative state feels like.

    1. Causal Emergence in Discrete & Continuous DynamicalSystemsThomas F. Varley 1,2March 31, 2020

      I found this paper while looking for ways that [[Eric Hoel]]'s work on a formal structure (via [[information theory]]) for detecting when higher level, lower resolution views would actually provide more [[information]]. I recall being somewhat disappointed by the application to [[cellular automata]] in [[John Conway]]'s [[Game of Life]] since the rules that result in (what appears to us as) emergent complex structures didn't actually map onto the results of applying Hoel's formalism.

  8. May 2023
  9. Apr 2023
    1. those who got the updated booster had one-tenth the risk of being hospitalized compared with those who are unvaccinated

      Basically 65-79 higher seniors are in high risk of being sent to the hospital rather than other people who aren't even vaccines The booster is much more stronger to seniors.

    1. Given the broad aim of the right of access, the aim of the right of access is notsuitable to be analysed as a precondition for the exercise of the right of accessby the controller as part of its assessment of access requests. Thus, controllersshould not assess “why” the data subject is requesting access, but only “what”the data subject is requesting (see section 3 on the analysis of the request) andwhether they hold personal data relating to that individual (see section 4).Therefore, for example, the controller should not deny access on the groundsor the suspicion that the requested data could be used by the data subject todefend themselves in court in the event of a dismissal or a commercial disputewith the controller9.

      This is very interesting, and the FT (Copies du dossier médical) case will be one to watch.

      Details: https://www.dpcuria.eu/details?reference=C-307/22

    1. Recommended Resource:

      I recommend adding this doctoral research article on developing open education practices (OEP) in British Columbia, Canada. The scholarly article is released by Open University, a U.K. higher education institution that promotes open education.

      Paskevicius, M. & Irvine, V. (2019). Open Education and Learning Design: Open Pedagogy in Praxis. Open University, 2019(1). DOI: 10.5334/jime.51

      A relevant excerpt from the article reveals the study results that show OEP enhances student learning:

      "Furthermore, participants reflected on how inviting learners to work in the open increased the level of risk and/or potential reward and thereby motivated greater investment in the work. This was articulated by Patricia who suggested “the stakes might feel higher when someone is creating something that’s going to be open and accessible by a wider community” as well as Alice who stated “students will write differently, you know, if they know it’s not just going to their professor.” The practice of encouraging learners to share their work was perceived by Olivia to “add more value to their work,” by showing learners the work they do at university can “have an audience beyond their professors.”"

    1. Recommended Source

      Under the "More on Philosophies of Copyright" section, I recommended adding the scholarly article by Chinese scholar Peter K. Yu that explains how Chinese philosophy of Yin-Yang can address the contradictions in effecting or eliminating intellectual property laws. One of the contradictions is in intellectual property laws protecting individual rights while challenging sustainability efforts for future generations (as climate change destroys more natural resources.

      Yu, Peter K., Intellectual Property, Asian Philosophy and the Yin-Yang School (November 19, 2015). WIPO Journal, Vol. 7, pp. 1-15, 2015, Texas A&M University School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 16-70, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2693420

      Below is a short excerpt from the article that details Chinese philosophical thought on IP and sustainability:

      "Another area of intellectual property law and policy that has made intergenerational equity questions salient concerns the debates involving intellectual property and sustainable development. Although this mode of development did not garner major international attention until after the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the Yin-Yang school of philosophy—which “offers a normative model with balance, harmony, and sustainability as ideals”—provides important insight into sustainable development."

    1. l Les États parties prennent toutes les mesures appropriées pour veillerà ce que la discipline scolaire soit appliquée d’une manière compatibleavec la dignité de l’enfant en tant qu’être humain et conformément à laprésente Convention

      Article 28 alinéa 2 sur la dignité

  10. Mar 2023
  11. fedlex.data.admin.ch fedlex.data.admin.ch
    1. l’enseignement secondaire, sous ses différentes formes, y compris l’en-seignement secondaire technique et professionnel, doit être généralisé etrendu accessible à tous par tous les moyens appropriés et notamment parl’instauration progressive de la gratuité

      article 13

    1. RECOMMANDATION N°8La Défenseure des droits recommandeau ministre des Solidarités, de l’Autonomieet des Personnes handicapées et à la ministredéléguée chargée des Personneshandicapées :• De rappeler aux MDPH d’adopter un PPSafin, conformément à l’article D. 351-5 ducode de l’éducation, de définir et coordonnerles modalités de déroulement de la scolaritéet les actions pédagogiques, psychologiques,éducatives, sociales, médicales etparamédicales répondant aux besoinsparticuliers des élèves présentant unhandicap ;• D’inviter les CDPAH à préciser, dansleurs décisions, les activités à réaliserpar les AESH affectés auprès des enfants

      Recommandation 08

    1. Le droit à un logement convenable tel quedéfini par l’ONU, issu de l’article 11 du PIDESCet des observations du CODESC sur le droit aulogement, implique davantage que le logementseul. En effet, « Un logement n’est pasconvenable si ses occupants ne disposent pasd’eau potable, d’installations d’assainissementsuffisantes, d’une source d’énergie pour fairela cuisine, de chauffage, d’éclairage, d’un lieude stockage pour la nourriture ou de dispositifsd’évacuation des ordures ménagères »
  12. Feb 2023
    1. recommandation 6Mettre en œuvre sur l’ensemble du territoire le dispositif prévu par l’article 108 de la loi pour uneRépublique numérique, intégré à l’article L. 115-3 du code de l’action sociale et des familles, quiprévoit que toute personne ou famille éprouvant des difficultés particulières, au regard notammentde son patrimoine, de l’insuffisance de ses ressources ou de ses conditions d’existence, a droit à uneaide de la collectivité pour disposer de la fourniture d’un service de téléphonie fixe et d’un serviced’accès à internet.Suites données depuis trois ansCette aide était depuis 2016 en phase d’expérimentation dans trois départements : la Seine-Saint-Denis, la Haute-Saône et la Marne. Les modalités d’obtention de l’aide sont déterminées par lesconseils départementaux. Elles peuvent donc différer en fonction du lieu d’habitation. Les résultatsde cette expérimentation montrent que le dispositif a été très peu suivi car les travailleurs sociauxétaient peu informés et outillés pour le mobiliser. La généralisation n’est pas prévue à ce jour.
    1. such processing can still be associated with increased risks because it takes place outside the EU, for example due to conflicting national laws or disproportionate government access in a third country.

      So even if you don't need to consider Chapter V, consider Chapter 5.

      I wish the EDPB would just come out and say they want to splinter the internet already. It would be faster.

    2. if the same controller or processor is processing data outside the EU without disclosing it to another controller or processor (e.g. where an employee of an EU controller travels abroad and has access to the data of that controller while being in a third country or in case of direct collection from individuals in the EU under Article 3(2) GDPR), the processing activity should not be regarded as a transfer under Chapter V of the GDPR
    3. Similarly, for atransfer of personal data to a controller or processor in a third country who is already subject to theGDPR for the given processing, it has to be noted that the GDPR already applies in its entirety
    4. Example 12: Controller in the EU uses a processor in the EU subject to third country legislationThe Danish Company X, acting as controller, engages Company Y established in the EU as a processoron its behalf. Company Y is a subsidiary of the third country parent Company Z. Company Y isprocessing the data of Company X exclusively in the EU and there is no one outside the EU, includingthe parent Company Z, who has access to the data. Additionally, it follows from the contract betweenCompany X and Company Y that Company Y shall only process the personal data on documentedinstructions from Company X, unless required to do so by EU or Member State law to which CompanyY is subject. Company Y is however subject to third country legislation with extraterritorial effect,which in this case means that Company Y may receive access requests from third country authorities.Since Company Y is not in a third country (but an EU company subject to Article 3(1) GDPR), thedisclosure of data from the controller Company X to the processor Company Y does not amount to atransfer and Chapter V of the GDPR does not apply. As mentioned, there is however a possibility thatCompany Y receives access requests from third country authorities and should Company Y comply withsuch request, such disclosure of data would be considered a transfer under Chapter V. Where CompanyY complies with a request in violation of the controller’s instructions and thus Article 28 GDPR,Company Y shall be considered an independent controller of that processing under Article 28(10)GDPR. In this situation, the controller Company X should, before engaging the processor, assess thesecircumstances in order to ensure that, as required by Article 28 GDPR, it only uses processors providingsufficient guarantees to implement appropriate technical and organisational measures so that theprocessing is in line with the GDPR, including Chapter V, as well as to ensure that there is a contract orlegal act governing the processing by the processor.

      Not a transfer until the USG triggers a request, in which case Company Y becomes an independent controller ... though who is the data being transferred to? The USG on compelled order?

    5. Some examples of how personal data could be “made available” are by creating an account, grantingaccess rights to an existing account, “confirming”/”accepting” an effective request for remote access,embedding a hard drive or submitting a password to a file. It should be kept in mind that remote accessfrom a third country (even if it takes place only by means of displaying personal data on a screen, forexample in support situations, troubleshooting or for administration purposes) and/or storage in acloud situated outside the EEA offered by a service provider, is also considered to be a transfer,provided that the three criteria outlined in paragraph 9 above are met.

      Everything is a transfer.

    6. Example 9: A subsidiary (controller) in the EU shares data with its parent company (processor) in athird countryThe Irish Company X, which is a subsidiary of the parent Company Y in a third country, disclosespersonal data of its employees to Company Y to be stored in a centralised HR database by the parentcompany in the third country. In this case the Irish Company X processes (and discloses) the data in itscapacity of employer and hence as a controller, while the parent company is a processor. Company Xis subject to the GDPR pursuant to Article 3(1) for this processing and Company Y is situated in a thirdcountry. The disclosure therefore qualifies as a transfer to a third country within the meaning ofChapter V of the GDPR.

      The EDPB says "Hahaha, get wrecked"

    7. n addition, this second criterion cannot be considered as fulfilled when there is no controller orprocessor sending or making the data available (i.e. no “exporter”) to another controller or processor,such as when data are disclosed directly by the data subject15 to the recipient.

      No transfer when an action is done directly by a data subject to/from a recipient.

    8. Example 8: Employee of a controller in the EU travels to a third country on a business tripGeorge, employee of A, a company based in Poland, travels to a third country for a meeting bringinghis laptop. During his stay abroad, George turns on his computer and accesses remotely personal dataon his company’s databases to finish a memo. This bringing of the laptop and remote access ofpersonal data from a third country, does not qualify as a transfer of personal data, since George is notanother controller, but an employee, and thus an integral part of the controller (A).19 Therefore, thetransmission is carried out within the same controller (A). The processing, including the remote accessand the processing activities carried out by George after the access, are performed by the Polishcompany, i.e. a controller established in the Union subject to Article 3(1) of the GDPR. It can, however,be noted that in case George, in his capacity as an employee of A, would send or make data availableto another controller or processor in the third country, the data flow in question would amount to atransfer under Chapter V; from the exporter (A) in the EU to such importer in the third country.

      Ah, the employee example. Which of course goes sideways if you start to look at contractors, things get gross.

      Also, 'make the data available' is broad.

    9. Chapter V does not apply to “internal processing”, i.e. where data is not disclosed bytransmission or otherwise made available to another controller or processor, including where suchprocessing takes place outside the EU

      They actually seem to clarify that intra-group processing activities here aren't covered, provided it's truly "internal" - I suspect that if the processing includes contractors, this goes out the window.

    10. Such instruments should, forexample, address the measures to be taken in case of conflict of laws between third country legislationand the GDPR and in the event of third country requests for disclosure of data.

      But how? in the DPA? The point of the transfer mechanism (e.g., SCCs / BCRs) is to be standard. You can't modify them.

      This sounds like a thing the EDPB/EC need to do not controllers/processors directly.

    11. Example 6: Processor in the EU sends data back to its controller in a third countryXYZ Inc., a controller without an EU establishment, sends personal data of its employees/customers,all of them data subjects not located in the EU, to the processor ABC Ltd. for processing in the EU, onbehalf of XYZ. ABC re-transmits the data to XYZ. The processing performed by ABC, the processor, iscovered by the GDPR for processor specific obligations pursuant to Article 3(1), since ABC is establishedin the EU. Since XYZ is a controller in a third country, the disclosure of data from ABC to XYZ is regardedas a transfer of personal data and therefore Chapter V applies.

      Ugh. So the fact that the processing is done in the EU, even of non-EU data subjects still triggers a transfer event. This just broadens the scope of TRAs and other contractual obligations. Useful to refer back to people who like to argue that the GDPR doesn't apply.

    12. Example 3: Controller in a third country receives data directly from a data subject in the EU (but notunder Article 3(2) GDPR) and uses a processor outside the EU for some processing activitiesMaria, living in Italy, decides to book a room in a hotel in New York using a form on the hotel website.Personal data are collected directly by the hotel which does not target/monitor individuals in the EEA.In this case, no transfer takes place since data are passed directly by the data subject and directlycollected by the controller. Also, since no targeting or monitoring activities of individuals in the EEAare taking place by the hotel, the GDPR will not apply, including with regard to any processing activitiescarried out by non-EEA processors on behalf of the hote

      Key distinguishing point here is that no 'targeting or monitoring activities of individuals in the EEA are occurring"

    1. Expert Opinionon theCurrent State of U.S. Surveillance Law and AuthoritiesfromProf. Stephen I. Vladeck,University of Texas School of Law

      Vladeck Opinion

    2. section 702 is compulsory in the sense that, when the United States hasissued a directive to an electronic communication service provider that is authorizedby its annual certification to the FISA Court under section 702, the provider musteither (1) comply; or (2) challenge the directive in the FISA Court

      FISA 702 Orders are compulsory - you either comply, or challenge.

    1. In light of this confirmation by the data controller that it does not seek to rely on consent in thiscontext, there can be no dispute that, as a matter of fact, Facebook is not relying on consent as thelawful basis for the processing complained of. It has nonetheless been argued on the Complainant’sbehalf that Facebook must rely on consent, and that Facebook led the Complainant to believe thatit was relying on consent

      Here Helen bitchslaps Max by noting that despite what they hope and wish for, FB is relying on contract, and not consent.

    2. Data Policy and related materialsometimes, on the contrary, demonstrate an oversupply of very high level, generalised information atthe expense of a more concise and meaningful delivery of the essential information necessary for thedata subject to understand the processing being undertaken and to exercise his/her rights in ameaningful way. Furthermore, while Facebook has chosen to provide its transparency information byway of pieces of text, there are other options available, such as the possible incorporation of tables,which might enable Facebook to provide the information required in a clear and concise manner,particularly in the case of an information requirement comprising a number of linked elements. Theimportance of concision cannot be overstated nonetheless. Facebook is entitled to provide additionalinformation to its user above and beyond that required by Article 13 and can provide whateveradditional information it wishes. However, it must first comply with more specific obligations under theGDPR, and then secondly ensure that the additional information does not have the effect of creatinginformation fatigue or otherwise diluting the effective delivery of the statutorily required information.That is simply what the GDPR requires.

      DPC again schools facebook in reality.

    1. Where several operators are jointly responsible for the same processing, the law does not require each of them to have access to the personal data concerned.
    1. If you are a publisher, you better toss aside those ‘secret’ service provider data protection addendum and get ready to embrace ‘public’ joint-controller agreements with Facebook and other providers of plugins.

      ... How many orgs are actually doing this though?

    1. Considering the above120 and in light of the specific circumstances of the processing, the EDPB finds that the IE SA could not have concluded in paragraph 115 of the Draft Decision that the contact information processing may be regarded as necessary for the performance of a contract between Meta IE and child users.

      Holding. Not necessary.

      "As a consequence, the EDPB finds that Meta IE could not have relied on [[Article 6(1)(b)]] GDPR as a legal basis for the contact information processing.”

    2. As noted by the IE SA, the HTML publication of contact information was not considered necessary by Facebook’s Security Team and was subsequently discontinued117. The EDPB considers that the analysis of the principle of data minimisation (Article 5(1)(c) GDPR) is relevant for the necessity assessment on the basis of Article 6(1)(b) GDPR118. Consequently, the EDPB further finds that such analysis should have complemented the LSA’s assessment on the necessity of the processing for the performance of the contract, with specific regard to the publication of the contact information in the HTML source code on the Instagram website. The EDPB considers that the IE SA could not have concluded that the publication of the contact information of child users in the HTML source code may be regarded as

      EDPB rightly smacks the IE SA around a bit for generally cocking this all up.

    3. Assessment of processing on the basis of Article 6(1)(f) GDPR‌

      Now we're moving on to #legitimate_interests and Article 6(1)(f)

    1. Proceedings against a controller or a processor shall be brought before the courts of the Member State where the controller or processor has an establishment. 2Alternatively, such proceedings may be brought before the courts of the Member State where the data subject has his or her habitual residence

      Where to bring a claim - Either the Member state where the Controller/Processor is base,d or the data subject's habitual location.

    1. Every data subject should have the right to lodge a complaint with a single supervisory authority, in particular in the Member State of his or her habitual residence, and the right to an effective judicial remedy in accordance with Article 47 of the Charter if the data subject considers that his or her rights under this Regulation are infringed or where the supervisory authority does not act on a complaint, partially or wholly rejects or dismisses a complaint or does not act where such action is necessary to protect the rights of the data subject.

      Ties in with Article 77 of teh GDPR

    1. shall be reasonably necessary and proportionate to achieve the purpose(s) for which thepersonal information was collected or processed

      Reasonable & proportionality. Set to expectations of what a consumer would expect of use.

      Cannot be used for other disclosed purposes if they are compatible with what's reasonably expected. This is Article 5 lite.

    1. rocessing of special categories of personal data 45. Subject to compliance with the Data Protection Regulation and any other relevant enactment or rule of law, the processing of special categories of personal data shall be lawful to the extent the processing is— (a) authorised by section 41 and sections 46 to 54 , or (b) otherwise authorised by Article 9.

      scd #specialcategoriesdata

    1. collecting and checking the content of declarations of private interests, of personal data that are liable to disclose indirectly the political opinions, trade union membership or sexual orientation of a natural person constitutes processing of special categories of personal data, for the purpose of those provisions.

      Second question: If you collect it, can you infer from it?

    2. those provisions cannot be interpreted as meaning that the processing of personal data that are liable indirectly to reveal sensitive information concerning a natural person is excluded from the strengthened protection regime prescribed by those provisions, if the effectiveness of that regime and the protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons that it is intended to ensure are not to be compromised.

      And here's the key element for indirect/inferred data. In order for Article 9 to matter, it must also include data that infers SCD.

    1. No major Articles were added or deleted. The individual property rights of the slave-owner was prioritized. No law could be passed about emancipation. Individuals could not free their own slaves. Immigration of slaves from other states could not be limited. Enslaved people continued to have the right to jury trials, punished as they would be against a White victim, “except in case of insurrection by such slave.”28 But to this was added: “or rape on a white female.”29 The nature of the changes make clear that the principle concern of the members of the secession Convention was to ensure the preservation of slavery.

      1861 Slavery differences added to the constitution.

  13. Jan 2023
    1. 2. Les Etats parties prennent toutes les mesures appropriées pour veiller à ce que la discipline scolaire soit appliquée d'une manière compatible avec la dignité de l'enfant en tant qu'être humain et conformément à la présente Convention

      article 28 alinéa 2

    1. A paper recommended in the presentation "William Rowlandson - Image, Imagination And The Imaginal" filmed at Breaking Convention 2017.

      Seems to be a different take on the "imaginal" than John Vervaeke's suggestion that the "imaginal" is using imagination for the sake of training and enhancing sensory awareness.

  14. Dec 2022
    1. Cette intuition est juste, puisque c’estégalement une approche par la négative queretient la Convention internationale des droitsde l’enfant (CIDE) pour reconnaître, dans sonarticle 16, le droit au respect de la vie privée :« Nul enfant ne fera l’objet d’immixtionsarbitraires ou illégales dans sa vie privée, safamille, son domicile ou sa correspondance,ni d’atteintes illégales à son honneur ou à saréputation »
    2. Cette intuition est juste, puisque c’estégalement une approche par la négative queretient la Convention internationale des droitsde l’enfant (CIDE) pour reconnaître, dans sonarticle 16, le droit au respect de la vie privée :« Nul enfant ne fera l’objet d’immixtionsarbitraires ou illégales dans sa vie privée, safamille, son domicile ou sa correspondance,ni d’atteintes illégales à son honneur ou à saréputation »
    3. Chacun a droit au respect de sa vie privée

      Article 9 du code civil

    1. 16 - droit del’enfant à la protection contre les immixtionsarbitraires ou illégales dans sa vie privée, safamille, son domicile, sa correspondance etcontre les atteintes illégales à son honneur et àsa réputation.
    2. Cette intuition est juste, puisque c’estégalement une approche par la négative queretient la Convention internationale des droitsde l’enfant (CIDE) pour reconnaître, dans sonarticle 16, le droit au respect de la vie privée :« Nul enfant ne fera l’objet d’immixtionsarbitraires ou illégales dans sa vie privée, safamille, son domicile ou sa correspondance,ni d’atteintes illégales à son honneur ou à saréputation ».
  15. Nov 2022
    1. Dr. Miho Ohsaki re-examined workshe and her group had previously published and confirmed that the results are indeed meaningless in the sensedescribed in this work (Ohsaki et al., 2002). She has subsequently been able to redefine the clustering subroutine inher work to allow more meaningful pattern discovery (Ohsaki et al., 2003)

      Look into what Dr. Miho Ohsaki changed about the clustering subroutine in her work and how it allowed for "more meaningful pattern discovery"

    1. Quadrants I and II: The average student’s scores on basic skills assessments increase by21 percentiles when engaged in non-interactive, multimodal learning (includes using textwith visuals, text with audio, watching and listening to animations or lectures that effectivelyuse visuals, etc.) in comparison to traditional, single-mode learning. When that situationshifts from non-interactive to interactive, multimedia learning (such as engagement insimulations, modeling, and real-world experiences – most often in collaborative teams orgroups), results are not quite as high, with average gains at 9 percentiles. While notstatistically significant, these results are still positive.

      I think this is was Thomas Frank was referring to in his YT video when he said "direct hands-on experience ... is often not the best way to learn something. And more recent cognitive research has confirmed this and shown that for basic concepts a more abstract learning model is actually better."

      By "more abstract", I guess he meant what this paper calls "non-interactive". However, even though Frank claims this (which is suggested by the percentile increases shown in Quadrants I & II), no variance is given and the authors even state that, in the case of Q II (looking at percentile increase of interactive multimodal learning compared to interactive unimodal learning), the authors state that "results are not quite as high [as the non-interactive comparison], with average gains at 9 percentiles. While not statistically significant, these results are still positive." (emphasis mine)

      Common level of signifcances are \(\alpha =.20,~.10,~.05,~.01\)

    1. Article 13 ‐ Nul ne peut se prévaloir de son appartenancereligieuse pour refuser de se conformer aux règlesapplicables dans l'École de la République
  16. Oct 2022
    1. 1. Les Etats parties reconnaissent le droit de l'enfant à l'éducation, et en particulier, en vue d'assurer l'exercice de ce droit progressivement et sur la base de l'égalité des chances

      article 28

    2. 3. Les Etats parties adoptent les mesures appropriées, compte tenu des conditions nationales et dans la mesure de leurs moyens, pour aider les parents et autres personnes ayant la charge de l'enfant à mettre en oeuvre ce droit et offrent, en cas de besoin, une assistance matérielle et des programmes d'appui, notamment en ce qui concerne l'alimentation, le vêtement et le logement

      Article 27 3

  17. Sep 2022
    1. Article 27 1. Les Etats parties reconnaissent le droit de tout enfant à un niveau de vie suffisant pour permettre son développement physique, mental, spirituel, moral et social.
  18. Aug 2022
    1. It seems to me that they tried to roboticize a manufacturing process for a product that was designed to be manufactured by humans. Rookie mistake.

      If they want to automate construction of Mac products, they'll have to redesign the product to fit the constraints of robotic manufacture.

  19. Jul 2022
    1. Article 372-2Version en vigueur depuis le 05 mars 2002Création Loi n°2002-305 du 4 mars 2002 - art. 5 () JORF 5 mars 2002 A l'égard des tiers de bonne foi, chacun des parents est réputé agir avec l'accord de l'autre, quand il fait seul un acte usuel de l'autorité parentale relativement à la personne de l'enfant.
  20. May 2022
  21. Apr 2022
    1. ReconfigBehSci. (2020, November 25). @ToddHorowitz3 @sciam do you mean the specific article is bad, or the wider claim/argument? Because as someone who does research on collective intelligence, I’d say there is some reason to believe it is true that there can be “too much” communication in science. See e.g. The work of Kevin Zollman [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1331672900550725634

    1. ReconfigBehSci. (2021, February 1). @MaartenvSmeden @richarddmorey you absolutely did (and I would have been disappointed if you hadn’t ;-)! It was a general comment prompted by the fact that the title of the article you linked to doesn’t (as is widespread), and I actually genuinely think this is part of the “problem” in pedagogical terms. 1/2 [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1356227423067664384

    1. structural and functional psychology. I am not sure that I understand the difference, but it probably has something to do with what I have privately been accustomed to distinguish as the analytical and the clinical points of view in psychological observation

      Here James (1907) Is trying to distinguish study of the mind and the treatment of the mind. With structural the organizational study how the mind work, alternatively functional how are mind functions.

    1. Article 25Les Etats parties reconnaissent à l'enfant qui a été placé par les autorités compétentes pour recevoir des soins, une protection ou un traitement physique ou mental, le droit à un examen périodique dudit traitement et de toute autre circonstance relative à son placement.
    2. e) Faire en sorte que tous les groupes de la société, en particulier les parents et les enfants, reçoivent une information sur la santé et la nutrition de l'enfant

      Article 24

    3. permettre aux Etats parties d'améliorer leurs capacités et leurs compétences

      Article 23

    4. articles 13 et 18

      Article 17

    5. 13

      Article 17

    6. élaboration de principes directeurs appropriés destinés à protéger l'enfant contre l'information et les matériels qui nuisent à son bien-être

      Article 17

    7. article 29

      Article 17

    8. ni d'atteintes illégales à son honneur et à sa réputation

      Article 16

    9. 'immixtions arbitraires ou illégales dans sa vie privée

      Article 16

    10. ordre public, ou pour protéger la santé

      Article 15

    11. liberté de réunion pacifique

      Article 15

    12. ordre public

      Article 14

    13. de l'enfant, de guider celui-ci dans l'exercice du droit susmentionné d'une manière qui corresponde au développement de ses capacités.

      Article 14

    14. droit de l'enfant à la liberté de pensée, de conscience

      Article 14

    15. Article 131. L'enfant a droit à la liberté d'expression. Ce droit comprend la liberté de rechercher, de recevoir et de répandre des informations et des idées de toute espèce

      Article 13

    16. à l'enfant la possibilité d'être entendu dans toute procédure judiciaire ou administrative l'intéressant,

      Article 12

    17. le droit d'exprimer librement son opinion sur toute question l'intéressant, les opinions de l'enfant étant dûment prises en considération eu égard à son âge et à son degré de maturité.

      Article 12

    18. les non-retours illicites d'enfants à l'étranger

      Article 11

    19. aux fins de réunification familiale est considérée par les Etats parties dans un esprit positif, avec humanité et diligence

      Article 10

    20. faire connaître leurs vues
    21. parents maltraitent ou négligent l'enfant

      Article 9

    22. ses relations familiales, tels qu'ils sont reconnus par la loi, sans ingérence illégale

      Article 8

    23. développement de l'enfant

      Article 6

    24. Article 5Les Etats parties respectent la responsabilité, le droit et le devoir qu'ont les parents ou, le cas échéant, les membres de la famille élargie ou de la communauté, comme prévu par la coutume locale, les tuteurs ou autres personnes légalement responsables de l'enfant, de donner à celui-ci, d'une manière qui corresponde au développement de ses capacités, l'orientation et les conseils appropriés à l'exercice des droits que lui reconnaît la présente Convention.
    25. Article 4Les Etats parties s'engagent à prendre toutes les mesures législatives, administratives et autres qui sont nécessaires pour mettre en oeuvre les droits reconnus dans la présente Convention.
    26. Les Etats parties s'engagent à respecter les droits qui sont énoncés dans la présente Convention et à les garantir à tout enfant relevant de leur juridiction, sans distinction aucune

      Article 2

    27. sanction motivées par la situation juridique

      Article 2

    28. l'intérêt supérieur de l'enfant doit être une considération primordiale.

      Article 3

    29. particulièrement dans le domaine de la sécurité et de la santé et en ce qui concerne le nombre et la compétence de leur personnel ainsi que l'existence d'un contrôle approprié.

      Article 3

    30. Les Etats parties s'engagent à assurer à l'enfant la protection et les soins nécessaires à son bien-être

      Article 3

  22. Mar 2022
    1. Based on the ISO 12913-2, albeit with small changes, the most appropriate causal/sematic classifications found here with respect to heritage could therefore be ‘social communal, ‘electro-mechanical, ‘voice and instrument’, ‘transport sounds’, and ‘other’ sounds. The accessibility of these classifications could then lead to a framework with a view to determine potential heritage importance of sounds.

      A well thought out set of categories for urban sounds, designed for the preservation of heritage

  23. Feb 2022
    1. Le droit à la santé, dont la santé mentale est une composante à part entière, constitue un droit fondamental consacré par de nombreux textes nationaux et internationaux, et notamment à l’article 24 de la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant (CIDE), qui en donne une définition qui dépasse le strict cadre sanitaire
    1. decision draws its legitimacy from the Supreme Court’s interpretation of Article 25(1) (all persons areequally entitled to freedom of conscienceand the right freely to profess, practise and propagate religion) to the effect that “essential practices” of religions are protected from restrictions imposed by the state except to uphold “public order, morality and health”.
  24. Jan 2022
    1. the House may declare vacant the seat of a member who is absent for 60 days without permission, to wonder whether any suspension could traverse beyond this 60-day limit.

      suspension of MLAs

  25. Dec 2021
    1. Carthage has been under the spotlight of archae-ological studies for a long time

      I find it interesting that so much light was shed upon Carthage and how the society carried themselves. Wealth was starting to be concerning because Aristotle commented on Carthage: "that such a preoccupation with wealth would lead inevitably to a self-interested oligarchy dominating society."

    1. de un impuesto que se retira de la posición femenina, cuyo ícono es el cuerpo de la mujer, bajo la forma del miedo femenino, de la obediencia femenina, del servicio femenino y de la seducción que el poder ejerce sobre la subjetividad femenina

      El ejercicio de la violencia de género podrá sustentarse en una esquematizacion regida y perversa de los roles de genero, culturalmente asimilados. Fuerza, poder y dominio aparecen como valores propios de la identidad masculina en nuestra cultura. Estos "valores" fundamentan estructuras de desigualdad, y un medio para alcanzarlos y defenderlos es la agresion. Como contrapartida, la identidad femenina ha sido elaborada con los atributos de debilidad, controlabilidad y necesidad de proteccion. Estos valores son transmitidos como pautas de comportamiento deseable y se insertan en los patrones de masculinidad y feminidad asociados al ciclo de la violencia. Pagina 4 y 5.

  26. Nov 2021
  27. Oct 2021
    1. This article fails to recognize the societal benefits of free education. Since the US is all about the individual, this isn't surprising. However, the facts - as evidenced by countries where education is essentially free - is that it increases the societal level of education, which improves so many things, not the least of which is more informed and rational voting.

    1. “concretizzazione” dei principi dell’Agile nelle due metodologie più diffuse, ovvero Scrum e Kanban, esplorandone le principali differenze.

      Cosa sono le metodologie Scrum e Kanban?

      Si tratta di due metodologie che rendono concreti i principi alla base dell'Agile.

  28. Sep 2021
    1. I've got serious reservations about this Gerst fellow. His answers are too vague and contain too many bald assertions. The form of his answers fits what I've noticed to be a "style" of regressives seeking to promote obsolete traditions and social norms.

      Granted, it's difficult to present precise information in "interview format" articles like this one, but education is too important to get get wrong - again.

    1. If the words of legendary samurai Miyamoto Musashi:“If you know the way broadly you will see it in everything.”

      This is analogous to how I see systems everywhere, having studied them for a couple of decades.

    1. But I believe there will be more of a regional focus moving forward and you will need to have a proper digital presentation. You need to have the connectivity for people who aren’t going to recover from this as quickly as others.

      Is it possible to say that COVID -19 sped up what was to come in the future? For example, we all knew that the world was moving into a more digital/ tech/ world. People are so connected to their electronic devices. Social media and the internet has changed the way humans communicated. Is it safe to safe that these organizations and leaders in these positions of power failed us by not thinking ahead.

    1. (art. R. 421-20 du code de l’éducation)

      Le conseil d'administration est l'organe décisionnel de l'établissement. Il adopte le projet d'établissement, le budget et le compte financier de l’établissement ainsi que le règlement intérieur de l’établissement. Il donne notamment son accord sur le programme de l'association sportive, sur les principes du dialogue avec les parents d'élèves. Il délibère sur les questions relatives à l'hygiène, la santé et la sécurité. Il donne son avis sur les principes de choix des manuels et outils pédagogiques, sur la création d'options et de sections (art. R. 421-20 du code de l’éducation).

    2. art. D. 411-2 du code de l’éducation).

      Le conseil d'école vote le règlement intérieur de l'école, établit le projet d’organisation pédagogique de la semaine scolaire, dans le cadre de l'élaboration du projet d'école à laquelle il est associé, donne tous avis et présente toutes suggestions sur le fonctionnement de l'école et sur toutes les questions intéressant la vie de l'école (par exemple, intégration des enfants handicapés, activités périscolaires, restauration scolaire, hygiène scolaire, sécurité des enfants, art. D. 411-2 du code de l’éducation).

    3. L’article L. 111-4 du code de l’éducation dispose que les parents d’élèves participent, par leurs représentants, aux conseils d’école et aux conseils d’administration des établissements scolaires et aux conseils de classe.
  29. Aug 2021
    1. I like the differentiation that Jared has made here on his homepage with categories for "fast" and "slow".

      It's reminiscent of the system 1 (fast) and system2 (slow) ideas behind Kahneman and Tversky's work in behavioral economics. (See Thinking, Fast and Slow)

      It's also interesting in light of this tweet which came up recently:

      I very much miss the back and forth with blog posts responding to blog posts, a slow moving argument where we had time to think.

      — Rachel Andrew (@rachelandrew) August 22, 2017
      <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

      Because the Tweet was shared out of context several years later, someone (accidentally?) replied to it as if it were contemporaneous. When called out for not watching the date of the post, their reply was "you do slow web your way…" #

      This gets one thinking. Perhaps it would help more people's contextual thinking if more sites specifically labeled their posts as fast and slow (or gave a 1-10 rating?). Sometimes the length of a response is an indicator of the thought put into it, thought not always as there's also the oft-quoted aphorism: "If I Had More Time, I Would Have Written a Shorter Letter".

      The ease of use of the UI on Twitter seems to broadly make it a platform for "fast" posting which can often cause ruffled feathers, sour feelings, anger, and poor communication.

      What if there were posting UIs (or micropub clients) that would hold onto your responses for a few hours, days, or even a week and then remind you about them after that time had past to see if they were still worth posting? This is a feature based on Abraham Lincoln's idea of a "hot letter" or angry letter, which he advised people to write often, but never send.

      Where is the social media service for hot posts that save all your vituperation, but don't show them to anyone? Or which maybe posts them anonymously?

      The opposite of some of this are the partially baked or even fully thought out posts that one hears about anecdotally, but which the authors say they felt weren't finish and thus didn't publish them. Wouldn't it be better to hit publish on these than those nasty quick replies? How can we create UI for this?

      I saw a sitcom a few years ago where a girl admonished her friend (an oblivious boy) for liking really old Instagram posts of a girl he was interested in. She said that deep-liking old photos was an obvious and overt sign of flirting.

      If this is the case then there's obviously a social standard of sorts for this, so why not hold your tongue in the meanwhile, and come up with something more thought out to send your digital love to someone instead of providing a (knee-)jerk reaction?

      Of course now I can't help but think of the annotations I've been making in my copy of Lucretius' On the Nature of Things. Do you suppose that Lucretius knows I'm in love?

  30. Jul 2021
    1. Of interest to many here, I and a few others have been maintaining a list of personal website-based online commonplace books, examples, tools, and related information for a few years. It can be found on the IndieWeb Community's wiki (aka a community-based digital commonplace book) at: https://indieweb.org/commonplace_book

      It's got:

      • links to online examples to view for potentially creating your own digital commonplace;
      • lists of tools and resources for creating and maintaining a digital (and especially online) commonplace;
      • lists of articles and related books which some (especially beginners) may find helpful;
      • examples of written, historical and sometimes digitized and browsable online commonplaces;
      • details about other commonplace "flavors" including: anthologies/florilegium, waste books/sudelbücher, wikis, second brains, and the increasingly popular Zettelkasten and digital gardens.

      Syndicated copies: https://www.reddit.com/r/commonplacebook/comments/ourjnl/resources_for_personal_digital_online_commonplace/

  31. May 2021
    1. Article D511-51Création Décret n°2009-553 du 15 mai 2009 - art.La commission académique est présidée par le recteur ou son représentant. Elle comprend en outre cinq membres : 1° Un inspecteur d'académie, directeur des services départementaux de l'éducation nationale ; 2° Un chef d'établissement ; 3° Un professeur ; 4° Deux représentants des parents d'élèves. Les membres autres que le président sont nommés pour deux ans par le recteur ou son représentant. Un suppléant est nommé dans les mêmes conditions pour chacun des membres de la commission, à l'exception de son président. Pour la désignation des représentants des parents d'élèves, le recteur recueille les propositions des associations représentées au conseil académique de l'éducation nationale.Décret n° 2009-627 du 6 juin 2009 article 1 : Les dispositions réglementaires instituant les commissions administratives à caractère consultatif dont la liste est annexée au présent décret sont prorogées pour une durée de cinq ans (Commission académique d'appel).
  32. Apr 2021
    1. Quelques textesArticle R. 421-46 du code de l’éducation«Le comité d'éducation à la santé et à la citoyenneté réunit, sous la présidence du chefd'établissement, les personnels d'éducation, sociaux et de santé de l'établissement et desreprésentants des personnels enseignants, des parents et des élèves, désignés par le chefd'établissement sur proposition des membres du conseil d'administration appartenant à leurscatégories respectives, ainsi que les représentants de la commune et de la collectivitéterritoriale de rattachement au sein de ce conseil. En fonction des sujets traités, il peutassocier à ses travaux toute personne dont il estime l'avis utile»
    1. Article 31. Dans toutes les décisions qui concernent les enfants, qu'elles soient le fait des institutions publiques ou privées de protection sociale, des tribunaux, des autorités administratives ou des organes législatifs, l'intérêt supérieur de l'enfant doit être une considération primordiale. 2. Les Etats parties s'engagent à assurer à l'enfant la protection et les soins nécessaires à son bien-être, compte tenu des droits et des devoirs de ses parents, de ses tuteurs ou des autres personnes légalement responsables de lui, et ils prennent à cette fin toutes les mesures législatives et administratives appropriées. 3. Les Etats parties veillent à ce que le fonctionnement des institutions, services et établissements qui ont la charge des enfants et assurent leur protection soit conforme aux normes fixées par les autorités compétentes, particulièrement dans le domaine de la sécurité et de la santé et en ce qui concerne le nombre et la compétence de leur personnel ainsi que l'existence d'un contrôle approprié.
    2. Article 4Les Etats parties s'engagent à prendre toutes les mesures législatives, administratives et autres qui sont nécessaires pour mettre en oeuvre les droits reconnus dans la présente Convention. Dans le cas des droits économiques, sociaux et culturels, ils prennent ces mesures dans toutes les limites des ressources dont ils disposent et, s'il y a lieu, dans le cadre de la coopération internationale.
    3. Article 5Les Etats parties respectent la responsabilité, le droit et le devoir qu'ont les parents ou, le cas échéant, les membres de la famille élargie ou de la communauté, comme prévu par la coutume locale, les tuteurs ou autres personnes légalement responsables de l'enfant, de donner à celui-ci, d'une manière qui corresponde au développement de ses capacités, l'orientation et les conseils appropriés à l'exercice des droits que lui reconnaît la présente Convention.
    4. Article 21. Les Etats parties s'engagent à respecter les droits qui sont énoncés dans la présente Convention et à les garantir à tout enfant relevant de leur juridiction, sans distinction aucune, indépendamment de toute considération de race, de couleur, de sexe, de langue, de religion, d'opinion politique ou autre de l'enfant ou de ses parents ou représentants légaux, de leur origine nationale, ethnique ou sociale, de leur situation de fortune, de leur incapacité, de leur naissance ou de toute autre situation. 2. Les Etats parties prennent toutes les mesures appropriées pour que l'enfant soit effectivement protégé contre toutes formes de discrimination ou de sanction motivées par la situation juridique, les activités, les opinions déclarées ou les convictions de ses parents, de ses représentants légaux ou des membres de sa famille.
    5. Article premierAu sens de la présente Convention, un enfant s'entend de tout être humain âgé de moins de dix-huit ans, sauf si la majorité est atteinte plus tôt en vertu de la législation qui lui est applicable.
  33. Mar 2021
    1. Effacement des sanctions et amnistieLes sanctions, même assorties du sursis à leur exécution, sont inscrites au dossier administratif de l'élève. L'avertissementest effacé du dossier administratif de l'élève à l'issue de l'année scolaire, le blâme et la mesure de responsabilisationsont effacés du dossier administratif de l’élève à l’issue de l’année suivant celle qui a suivi le prononcé de la sanction. Les autres sanctions, hormis l'exclusion définitive, sont effacées du dossier administratif de l'élève à l’issue de la deuxième année suivant celle du prononcé de la sanction.Toutefois, un élève peut demander(même s’il est mineur)l'effacement des sanctions inscrites, y compris l’exclusion définitive, dans son dossier administratif lorsqu'il change d'établissement(art R511-13).Les sanctions, y compris l’exclusion définitive, sont effacées du dossier administratif de l'élève au terme de sa scolarité dans le second degré (art R511-13).
    2. Les nouvelles dispositions émanant du décret n°2019-906 prévoient que le Conseil d’Administration de l’établissement doit désormais établir, à partir des enquêtes trimestriellessur les sanctions, un rapport relatif au fonctionnement pédagogique et des conditions matérielles de fonctionnement dont une partie est consacrée au bilan des décisions rendues en matière disciplinaire, élaboré à partir du registre des sanctions de l’établissement, et des suites données par le chef d’établissement aux demandes écrites de saisine du conseil de discipline émanant d’un membre de la communauté éducative
    3. Le règlement intérieur doit désormais prévoir les mesures de prévention, de responsabilisation et d’accompagnement pour les élèves ayant fait l’objet d’une exclusion temporaire (article R 421-5):«... prévoit les modalités de mise en œuvre des mesures de prévention, de responsabilisation et d'accompagnement, notamment lorsqu'elles font suite à la réintégration d'un élève exclu temporairement pour des faits de violence.»
  34. Feb 2021
  35. Jan 2021
    1. Wal-Mart no longer has any real rivals. It does more business than Target, Sears, Kmart, J.C. Penney, Safeway, and Kroger combined. “Clearly,” says Edward Fox, head of Southern Methodist University’s J.C. Penney Center for Retailing Excellence, “Wal-Mart is more powerful than any retailer has ever been.” It is, in fact, so big and so furtively powerful as to have become an entirely different order of corporate being.
      • Wal-Mart has no real rivals
      • Wal-Mart is more powerful than any retailer in history
      • Does more business than Target, Sears, Kmart, J.C. Penny, Safeway, and Kroger combined!
    2. The retailer has a clear policy for suppliers: On basic products that don’t change, the price Wal-Mart will pay, and will charge shoppers, must drop year after year. But what almost no one outside the world of Wal-Mart and its 21,000 suppliers knows is the high cost of those low prices
      • Wal-Mart has clear policy for suppliers: Basic products must lower in price year after year.
      • Wal-Mart uses its position and power to squeeze profit-killing concessions from vendors. Ex: bras, bicycles, blue jeans must lower in price.
  36. Dec 2020
    1. Include articles, such as the. Articles help readers and translation software identify the nouns and modifiers in a sentence. Examples Empty the container. The empty container
    1. L’adoption de l’article 12 de la CIDE a marqué un tournant décisif dans l’avènement des droits de l’enfant. Il impose aux États une obligation de considérer l’enfant comme un acteur en capacité de contribuer à sa propre protection en participant aux décisions le concernant.

      à mettre en relation avec le rapport du DD sur la JADE

  37. Nov 2020