- Jan 2025
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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the air warms adiabatically which means that it depends on the lapse rate as you as you go to lower and lower altitudes um the temperature increases so the lapse rate is actually the drop of temperature as you get further from the surface of the Earth in dry air the adiabatic lapse rate is n about 10° CS per kilometer or about a degree celsius per uh 100 MERS okay so the as the air is coming down it's warming about 1° cels for each 100 meters of desent
for - physics - adiabatic warming - lapse rate - Santa Ana winds - venturi effect through canyons increases wind speed - SOURCE - Youtube - climate crisis - 2025 Los Angeles fires - The Catastrophic Climate Driven Conflagaration in Los Angeles - Paul Beckwith - 2025, Jan 10 - stats - Santa Ana winds warms 1 Deg C every 100 meter of descent due to adiabatic warming lapse rate - SOURCE - Youtube - climate crisis - 2025 Los Angeles fires - The Catastrophic Climate Driven Conflagaration in Los Angeles - Paul Beckwith - 2025, Jan 10
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these winds um get compressed they increase in speed uh to often to near gale force winds or above and du to this Venturi effect where the winds get compressed into a smaller area so be for constant flow rate the velocity has to be much higher in this region than in this region just because there's less space for the air to be so it goes into these canyons and gets compressed and gets accelerated to very high speeds
for - physics - Santa Ana winds - venturi effect through canyons increases wind speed - SOURCE - Youtube - climate crisis - 2025 Los Angeles fires - The Catastrophic Climate Driven Conflagaration in Los Angeles - Paul Beckwith - 2025, Jan 10
Tags
- stats - Santa Ana winds warms 1 Deg C every 100 meter of descent due to adiabatic warming lapse rate - SOURCE - Youtube - climate crisis - 2025 Los Angeles fires - The Catastrophic Climate Driven Conflagaration in Los Angeles - Paul Beckwith - 2025, Jan 10
- physics - adiabatic warming - lapse rate - Santa Ana winds - venturi effect through canyons increases wind speed - SOURCE - Youtube - climate crisis - 2025 Los Angeles fires - The Catastrophic Climate Driven Conflagaration in Los Angeles - Paul Beckwith - 2025, Jan 10
- physics - Santa Ana winds - venturi effect through canyons increases wind speed - SOURCE - Youtube - climate crisis - 2025 Los Angeles fires - The Catastrophic Climate Driven Conflagaration in Los Angeles - Paul Beckwith - 2025, Jan 10
Annotators
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- Dec 2024
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www.f5.com www.f5.com
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Transforming the Web: The End of Silos
for - from - search - Google - internet online communities silo effect - 2024, Dec 26 - https://hyp.is/tOTyisM5Ee-bwU9mksfyDg/www.google.com/search?q=internet+online+communities+silo+effect&sca_esv=a85ce06eeedaa026&sxsrf=ADLYWIKxvd6S2RepgTyyoM_xyMMqCw5xNg:1735182943966&ei=X8psZ9jYOoC_hbIP2pfM2Ac&start=10&sa=N&sstk=ATObxK6cipwhqLxRCAjRLdX4T2Puh23YJlreDVPWe6GiIBkNGUpzPax1WaNdO4kV1EV77GfbPMDU-YTZA7SSanv2zpJjjWKd9z0PMg&ved=2ahUKEwiYhPuXvMSKAxWAX0EAHdoLE3sQ8tMDegQICxAE&biw=1536&bih=695&dpr=1.25
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www.google.com www.google.com
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for - search - Google - internet online communities silo effect - 2024, Dec 26 - https://www.google.com/search?q=internet+online+communities+silo+effect&sca_esv=a85ce06eeedaa026&sxsrf=ADLYWIKxvd6S2RepgTyyoM_xyMMqCw5xNg:1735182943966&ei=X8psZ9jYOoC_hbIP2pfM2Ac&start=10&sa=N&sstk=ATObxK6cipwhqLxRCAjRLdX4T2Puh23YJlreDVPWe6GiIBkNGUpzPax1WaNdO4kV1EV77GfbPMDU-YTZA7SSanv2zpJjjWKd9z0PMg&ved=2ahUKEwiYhPuXvMSKAxWAX0EAHdoLE3sQ8tMDegQICxAE&biw=1536&bih=695&dpr=1.25
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- Nov 2024
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The ELIZA effect – or the adequacy of opaque symbol manipulation to sound intelligent to human users – would turbocharge AI for the next two or three decades to come.
BTW: This may be the reason why a university system as the Austrian is so fascinated by AI.
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- Oct 2024
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reward modeling
Why reward modelling? Can this create a pavlovian affect / effect?
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- Sep 2024
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_forest_inequity
urban forest inequity
Mentions of humans thinning trees for better tree canopy in the section on black ash trees in Braiding Sweetgrass by Robin Wall Kimmerer.
Tags
- urban ecology
- Dan Allosso Book Club 2024-09-28
- urban heat island effect
- shade
- environmental gentrification
- shade inequity
- spatial justice
- albedo
- Ed Gerrish
- environmental justice
- urban planning
- climate crisis
- redlining
- Shannon Lea Watkins
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- equity
Annotators
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world.hey.com world.hey.com
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In the valiant effort to combat imposter syndrome and gatekeeping, the programming world has taken a bad turn down a blind alley by celebrating incompetence.
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- Aug 2024
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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In psychology, the Stroop effect is the delay in reaction time between congruent and incongruent stimuli.
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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The idea of growing wiser vs. growing tall is likely not meant for the individual but for society as a whole or the world at large. The full context of the song. But it might have double meaning and refer to both individual and society.
Reminds me of Taleb's concept of Epistemic Arrogance (overvaluing that which we know)
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www.systemiq.earth www.systemiq.earth
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for - social tipping points - breakthrough effect - cascading tipping points - systemiq - Bezos Earth Fund -University of Exeter - social tipping points
report details - title - The Breakthrough Effect - How to trigger a cascade of tipping points to accelerate the net zero transition - authors - Mark Meldrum - Lloyd Pinnell - Katy Brennan - Mattia Romani - Simon Sharpe - Tim Lenton - date - january 2023 - publisher -
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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das beste mittel gegen zensur ist das transparent-machen der zensur<br /> auf "banned by x" listen bei anti-zensur verlegern zb im darknet (darktea, righttoprivacy, ...).<br /> zensoren wollen die zensierten inhalte spurlos verschwinden lassen,<br /> weil offene zensurlisten haben einen werbeeffekt (streisand effect).<br /> zb die "banned by amazon" listen: books banned by amazon, amazon's banned book list, ...<br /> da findet man so interessante bücher wie "the wolf tamers" oder "the great taking" ...<br /> die normalo steuerzahler glauben ja, da werden nur "ganz schlimme" sachen zensiert,<br /> also so extremfälle wie kinderpornos oder CIA-taliban-enthauptungsvideos...<br /> also wo sind die leute, die immer "transparenz" fordern, wenn man sie mal braucht?
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- Jul 2024
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_effect
The Matthew effect of accumulated advantage, sometimes called the Matthew principle, is the tendency of individuals to accrue social or economic success in proportion to their initial level of popularity, friends, and wealth. It is sometimes summarized by the adage or platitude "the rich get richer and the poor get poorer". The term was coined by sociologists Robert K. Merton and Harriet Zuckerman in 1968 and takes its name from the Parable of the Talents in the biblical Gospel of Matthew.
related somehow to the [[Lindy effect]]?
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Local file Local file
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Whenever a teacher orally explains something to a class or a pupil, wheneverpupils talk to each other or hear speech, the information presented is transient. Byits very nature, all speech is transient. Unless it is recorded, any spoken informationdisappears. If it is important information for the learner, then the learner must tryto remember it. Remembering verbal information often can be more easily achievedif it is written down. Writing was invented primarily to turn transient oral informa-tion into a permanent form. In the absence of a permanent written record, thelearner may need to use a mental rehearsal strategy to keep information alive inworking memory before it dissipates. The more information there is to learn, themore difficult it becomes to remember, unless it is written down, or students haveadditional access to a permanent record. Furthermore, if spoken informationrequires complex processing, then the demands made on working memory becomeeven more intrusive. For example, if a teacher explains a point using several spokensentences, each containing information that must be integrated in order to under-stand the general gist, the demands made on working memory may be excessive.Information from one sentence may need to be held in working memory whileinformation from another sentence is integrated with it. From this perspective, suchinformation will create a heavy cognitive load. Accordingly, all spoken informationhas the potential to interfere with learning unless it is broken down into manageableproportions or supported by external offloads such as written notes.
Note to self: - Transient = Fading - Non-Transient = Permanent
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It’s also worth pointing out that an unfriendly unsubscribe experience is also a major driver of spam complaints. Half of U.S. consumers say they’ve reported a brand’s emails as spam because they couldn’t easily opt out, according to our Adapting to Consumers’ New Definition of Spam report. So putting up opt-out barriers not only jeopardizes your legal compliance but can also hurt your deliverability as well.
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wordtothewise.com wordtothewise.com
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This behaviour may affect one-click unsubscribe links. If clicking the link in an email automatically processes the unsubscribe, then Barracuda may unsubscribe users without their knowledge.
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This behaviour may affect opt-in confirmation links.
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gemini.google.com gemini.google.com
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The song criticizes the tendency to rush into judgment without fully understanding the underlying problems. It also emphasizes the value of research and seeking out the truth from various perspectives.
This is basically critical thinking. Which is also my goal for (optimal) education: To build a society of people who think for themselves, critical thinkers; those who do not take everything for granted. The skeptics.
See also Nassim Nicolas Taleb's advice to focus on what you DON'T know rather than what you DO know.
Related to syntopical reading/learning as well. (and Charlie Munger's advice). You want to build a complete picture with a broad understanding and nuanced before formulating an opinion.
Remove bias from your judgement (especially when it comes to people or civilizations) and instead base it on logic and deep understanding.
This also relates to (national, but even local) media... How do you know that what the media portrays about something or someone is correct? Don't take it for granted, especially if it is important, and do your own research. Validity of source is important; media is often opinionized and can contain a lot of misinformation.
See also Simone Weil's thoughts on media, especially where she says misinformation spread must be stopped. It is a vital need for the soul to be presented with (factual) truth.
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The illusion of knowledge: The song questions the notion that speaking confidently on a subject equates to understanding it deeply.
There is a need for intellectual humility within the community of researchers, and society in general. Do not speak confident about that which you do not know.
Relation to Charlie Munger's principle.
Tags
- Confidence
- Self-Thinking Society
- Meta-Analytic Research
- Charlie Munger
- Intellectual Humility
- Judgement
- Skepticism
- Simone Weil
- Songs
- Dunning-Krueger Effect
- Nassim Nicholas Taleb
- Critical Thinking
- Education
- Nas Marley
- Needs of the Soul
- Intellectualism
- Damian Marley
- Syntopical Reading
- Patience Song
- Bias
- Media
- Society
- Truth
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(2:03) "The average man can't prove of most of the things that he chooses to speak of. And still won't research and find the root of the truth that you seek of."
So true this quote. Dunning-Krueger. Ignorance. Stupidity.
Men should listen to Charlie Munger's advice: "I never allow myself to have [express] an opinion about anything that I don't know the opponent side's argument better than they do."
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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we use relative risk reduction instead of absolute risk 00:26:45 reduction and it makes it look like there's a greater effect than there actually is
for - medical deception - communicating relative risk instead of absolute risk is misleading and gives the appearance of a greater effect
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www.linkedin.com www.linkedin.com
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Dr. Sönke AhrensOn page 117 of "How to Take Smart Notes" you write the following: "The slip-box not only confronts us with dis-confirming information, butalso helps with what is known as the feature-positive effect (Allison andMessick 1988; Newman, Wolff, and Hearst 1980; Sainsbury 1971). This isthe phenomenon in which we tend to overstate the importance of informationthat is (mentally) easily available to us and tilts our thinking towards the mostrecently acquired facts, not necessarily the most relevant ones. Withoutexternal help, we would not only take exclusively into account what weknow, but what is on top of our heads.[35] The slip-box constantly remindsus of information we have long forgotten and wouldn’t remember otherwise –so much so, we wouldn’t even look for it."My question for you: Why have you chosen to use the Feature-Positive Effect as the phenomenon to make your point and not the recency bias?The recency bias seems more aligned with your point of our minds favoring recently learned information/knowledge over already existing, perhaps more relevant, cognitive schemata.To my mind, the FPE states that it is easier to detect patterns when the unique stimuli indicating the pattern is present rather than absent... In the following example:Pattern in this sequence: 1235 8593 0591 2531 8532 (all numbers have a 5; the unique feature is present) Pattern in this sequence: 1236 8193 0291 2931 8472 (no numbers contain a 5; the unique feature is absent)The pattern in the first sequence is more easily spotted than the pattern in the second sequence, this is the feature-positive effect. This has not much to do with your point.I do get what you are coming from, namely that we are biased towards what is more readily in mind; however, the extension of this argument with the comparison of relevance vs. time makes the recency bias or availability heuristic more applicable; and also easier to explain in my opinion.Once again, I am simply curious what made you choose the FPE as the phenomenon to explain.I hope you take the time to read this and respond to it. Thanks in advance.Sources in the comments
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Hey Matthew, it's a fair point. Without having the whole passage or a previous draft in front of me, it could be simply the outcome of the editing process. It does read like you said: as if I had recency bias in mind (next to other fitting ones), which then got lost after having shortened it for readability. That's my best guess. Even though it is tempting in these cases to come up with some post-hoc, smart sounding reason...
Response by Ahrens to my question/criticism
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- Jun 2024
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coevolving.com coevolving.com
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… a fundamental characteristic of complex human systems … [is that] cause and effect are not close in time and space. By effects, I mean the obvious symptoms that indicate that there are problems drug abuse, unemployment, starving children, falling orders, and sagging profits. By cause I mean the interaction of the underlying system that is most responsible for generating the symptoms, and which, if recognized, could lead to changes producing lasting improvement. Why is this a problem? Because most of us assume they are most of us assume, most of the time, that cause and effect are close in time and space.
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maggieappleton.com maggieappleton.com
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the right knowledge to make a full-stack app
Worth considering Brooks's distinction of essential versus incidental complexity. It's especially worth considering the instances where the "incidental" part comes from being incidental to the fact that if it were easier, there it would make a lot of people unhappy for reasons that I call "the consultant effect".
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www.linkedin.com www.linkedin.com
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Tobacco, alcohol, processed foods and fossil fuels ‘kill 2.7m a year in Europe’
for - wicked problems - progress trap - bad news - desensitization
wicked problems - progress trap - bad news - desensitization - many people become desensitized to bad news
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- May 2024
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www.heyeditor.net www.heyeditor.net
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FastCut adds animated captions, b-rolls & sound effects to your videos. FastCut은 동영상에 애니메이션 캡션, 비롤 및 음향 효과를 추가합니다.
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Annotators
URL
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- Apr 2024
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Local file Local file
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We quote because we are afraid to-change words, lest there be a change in meaning.
Quotations are easier to collect than writing things out in one's own words, not only because it requires no work, but we may be afraid of changing the original meaning by changing the original words or by collapsing the context and divorcing the words from their original environment.
Perhaps some may be afraid that the words sound "right" and they have a sense of understanding of them, but they don't quite have a full grasp of the situation. Of course this may be remedied by the reader or listener not only by putting heard stories into their own words and providing additional concrete illustrative examples of the concepts. These exercises are meant to ensure that one has properly heard/read and understood a concept. Psychologists call this paraphrasing or repetition the "echo effect" (others might say parroting or mirroring) and have found that it can help to build understanding, connection, and likeability between people. Great leaders who do this will be sure to make sure that credit for the original ideas goes to the originator and not to themselves simply because they repeated it, especially in group settings where their words may have more primacy amidst their underlings.
(I can't find it at the moment, but there's a name/tag for this in my notes? looping?)
Beyond this, can one place the idea into a more clear language than the original? Add some poetry perhaps? Make the concept into a concrete meme to make it more memorable?
Journalists like to quote because it gives primacy of voice to the speaker and provides the reader with the sense that they're getting the original from which they might make up their own minds. It also provides a veneer of vérité to their reportage.
Link this back to Terrence's comedy: https://hypothes.is/a/xe15ZKPGEe6NJkeL77Ji4Q
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- Mar 2024
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Local file Local file
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“Think, my lord?” Alas, thou echo’st meAs if there were some monster in thy thoughtToo hideous to be shown.
Again, Iago is but an echo and reaffirmation of what is already there: he has said very little.
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And ’tis great pity that the noble MoorShould hazard such a place as his own secondWith one of an ingraft infirmity
Vulnerability is seen as the vice in this case. The absence of pride and ego. And yet that is what would prevent Iago's manipulative plot, the understanding and the released grip of pride and ego, and the acceptance of less noble intentions
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Three lads of Cyprus, noble swelling spirits(That hold their honors in a wary distance,The very elements of this warlike isle
They protect their honor with wariness, indicating a sense of hiding, of restraint, of self-control, and most of all, of shame. This is a string that Iago pulls, something already bound to topple, Iago is just the small push like a domino.
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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1:35:00 The gap effect or spacing effect as time interleaved wherein information is processed. Embracing boredom and taking none stimulative breaks aids in this.
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Annotators
URL
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- Feb 2024
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grahamhancock.com grahamhancock.com
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Such high energy EM radiation can locally interact with the Vacuum Energy State (VES) – the VES being the Fifth State of Matter (Fifth Essence – Quintessence), in other words the fundamental structure (foundational framework), from which Everything else (Spacetime included) in our Quantum Reality, emerges.
Dr. Salvatore Cezar Pais, writing [via direct email] ’exclusively’ to The War Zone reporter, Brett Tingley, defined what has become decorously known as The Pais Effect, stating:
"…do realize that my work culminates in the enablement of the Pais Effect (original physical concept). The Pais Effect comprises the generation of extremely high electromagnetic energy fluxes (and hence high local energy densities) generated by controlled motion of electrically charged matter (from solid to plasma states) subjected to accelerated vibration and/or accelerated spin, via rapid acceleration transients.
Such high energy EM radiation can locally interact with the Vacuum Energy State (VES) – the VES being the Fifth State of Matter (Fifth Essence – Quintessence), in other words the fundamental structure (foundational framework), from which Everything else (Spacetime included) in our Quantum Reality, emerges.
The Engineering of the Pais Effect can give rise to the Enablement of Macroscopic Quantum Coherence, which if you have closely been following my work, you understand the importance of.
I must stress that all this work (patents, patent applications and technical papers) was conducted as a NAVAIR/NAWCAD employee, and that my current position with Navy SSP has absolutely no bearing or in any way, shape or form has anything to do with this advanced physics work.
Thank you for your interest in my physics concepts, and try to keep an open mind in regard to my work.
Respectfully,
Sal
Salvatore Cezar Pais, Ph.D. A.D. MMXIX"
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- Jan 2024
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www.derstandard.de www.derstandard.de
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Eine Studie enthält starke Hinweise darauf, dass die globale Erhitzung die Lebenserwartung weltweit schon um 6 Monate verkürzt hat. https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000203417/neue-hinweise-zu-den-acht-zutaten-die-20-zusaetzliche-lebensjahre-bringen
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Local file Local file
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It seems to me farmore likely that a robotic existence would not be like a human one inany sense that we understand, that the robots would in no sense be ourchildren, that on this path our humanity may well be lost.
Here would be a good place to give a solid definition of humanity? What makes it special beyond the "self"?
We are genetically very closely related to great apes and chimpanzees and less closely to dogs, cats, and even rats. Do we miss our dogicity? Or ratanity?
What if the robot/human mix is somehow even more interesting and transcendent than humanity? His negativity doesn't leave any space for this possible eventuality.
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Osijek ist einer neuen Studie zufolge die europäische Stadt mit den meisten Hitzetoten. Nach den Ursachen wird noch geforscht. Die hohe Feuchigkeit önnte genauso eine Rolle spielen wie Nachwirkungen des Kriegs. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/06/its-full-of-green-areas-mystery-of-europes-heat-death-hotspot
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Local file Local file
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To mourn a mischief that is past and goneIs the next way to draw new mischief on
Also refers to the accumulation of cataclysm that builds up in Othello throughout the play from the "mourning" and discrimination of his blackness.
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dougbelshaw.com dougbelshaw.com
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Read [[Doug Belshaw]] in I am so tired of moving platforms on 2023-12-27 (accessed:: 2024-01-05 09:58:46)
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Venkatesh Rao thinks that the Nazi bar analogy is “an example of a bad metaphor contagion effect” and points to a 2010 post of his about warren vs plaza architectures. He believes that Twitter, for example, is a plaza, whereas Substack is a warren: A warren is a social environment where no participant can see beyond their little corner of a larger maze. Warrens emerge through people personalizing and customizing their individual environments with some degree of emergent collaboration. A plaza is an environment where you can easily get to a global/big picture view of the whole thing. Plazas are created by central planners who believe they know what’s best for everyone.
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blogs.cornell.edu blogs.cornell.edu
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The Evaporative Cooling Effect describes the phenomenon that high value contributors leave a community because they cannot gain something from it, which leads to the decrease of the quality of the community. Since the people most likely to join a community are those whose quality is below the average quality of the community, these newcomers are very likely to harm the quality of the community. With the expansion of community, it is very hard to maintain the quality of the community.
via ref to Xianhang Zhang in Social Software Sundays #2 – The Evaporative Cooling Effect « Bumblebee Labs Blog [archived] who saw it
via [[Eliezer Yudkowsky]] in Evaporative Cooling of Group Beliefs
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- Aug 2023
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www.pewresearch.org www.pewresearch.org
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The big tech companies, left to their own devices (so to speak), have already had a net negative effect on societies worldwide. At the moment, the three big threats these companies pose – aggressive surveillance, arbitrary suppression of content (the censorship problem), and the subtle manipulation of thoughts, behaviors, votes, purchases, attitudes and beliefs – are unchecked worldwide
- for: quote, quote - Robert Epstein, quote - search engine bias,quote - future of democracy, quote - tilting elections, quote - progress trap, progress trap, cultural evolution, technology - futures, futures - technology, progress trap, indyweb - support, future - education
- quote
- The big tech companies, left to their own devices , have already had a net negative effect on societies worldwide.
- At the moment, the three big threats these companies pose
- aggressive surveillance,
- arbitrary suppression of content,
- the censorship problem, and
- the subtle manipulation of
- thoughts,
- behaviors,
- votes,
- purchases,
- attitudes and
- beliefs
- are unchecked worldwide
- author: Robert Epstein
- senior research psychologist at American Institute for Behavioral Research and Technology
- paraphrase
- Epstein's organization is building two technologies that assist in combating these problems:
- passively monitor what big tech companies are showing people online,
- smart algorithms that will ultimately be able to identify online manipulations in realtime:
- biased search results,
- biased search suggestions,
- biased newsfeeds,
- platform-generated targeted messages,
- platform-engineered virality,
- shadow-banning,
- email suppression, etc.
- Tech evolves too quickly to be managed by laws and regulations,
- but monitoring systems are tech, and they can and will be used to curtail the destructive and dangerous powers of companies like Google and Facebook on an ongoing basis.
- Epstein's organization is building two technologies that assist in combating these problems:
- reference
- seminar paper on monitoring systems, ‘Taming Big Tech -: https://is.gd/K4caTW.
Tags
- search engine bias
- quote SEME
- quote - tilting elections
- quote -search engine manipulation effect
- search engine manipulation effect
- progress trap
- progress trap - digital technology
- quote - Robert Epstein
- progress trap - Google
- quote
- SEME
- progress trap - social media
- progress trap - search engine
- quote - progress trap
- quote - mind control
- quote - election bias
Annotators
URL
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hackernoon.com hackernoon.com
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- for: titling elections, voting - social media, voting - search engine bias, SEME, search engine manipulation effect, Robert Epstein
- summary
- research that shows how search engines can actually bias towards a political candidate in an election and tilt the election in favor of a particular party.
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In our early experiments, reported by The Washington Post in March 2013, we discovered that Google’s search engine had the power to shift the percentage of undecided voters supporting a political candidate by a substantial margin without anyone knowing.
- for: search engine manipulation effect, SEME, voting, voting - bias, voting - manipulation, voting - search engine bias, democracy - search engine bias, quote, quote - Robert Epstein, quote - search engine bias, stats, stats - tilting elections
- paraphrase
- quote
- In our early experiments, reported by The Washington Post in March 2013,
- we discovered that Google’s search engine had the power to shift the percentage of undecided voters supporting a political candidate by a substantial margin without anyone knowing.
- 2015 PNAS research on SEME
- http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/E4512.full.pdf?with-ds=yes&ref=hackernoon.com
- stats begin
- search results favoring one candidate
- could easily shift the opinions and voting preferences of real voters in real elections by up to 80 percent in some demographic groups
- with virtually no one knowing they had been manipulated.
- stats end
- Worse still, the few people who had noticed that we were showing them biased search results
- generally shifted even farther in the direction of the bias,
- so being able to spot favoritism in search results is no protection against it.
- stats begin
- Google’s search engine
- with or without any deliberate planning by Google employees
- was currently determining the outcomes of upwards of 25 percent of the world’s national elections.
- This is because Google’s search engine lacks an equal-time rule,
- so it virtually always favors one candidate over another, and that in turn shifts the preferences of undecided voters.
- Because many elections are very close, shifting the preferences of undecided voters can easily tip the outcome.
- stats end
Tags
- democracy - search engine bias
- search engine bias
- voting - search engine bias
- Washington Post story - search engine bias
- elections - interference
- voting
- stats - tilting elections
- stats
- search engine manipulation effect
- Robert Epstein
- quote - Robert Epstein
- quote
- SEME
- democracy - social media
- voting - social media
- PNAS SEME study
- quote - search engine bias
- elections - bias
Annotators
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danallosso.substack.com danallosso.substack.com
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Thomas Kuhn applied the concept of the paradigm to describe the progress of scientific thought over time. The idea generated interest and discussion across a number of fields in addition to the history of science, eclipsing to some extent Kuhn’s original focus.
Thomas Kuhn's book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was directed to scientific thought over time, but he was aware of it potentially being applied, potentially improperly, to other areas. As a result, he narrowed down his definitions and made his assumptions more explicit.
This sort of misapplication can be seen in Social Darwinism, the uncertainty principle, relativity, and memes.
It also happened with Claude Shannon's information theory which resulted in his publication of The Bandwagon (IEEE, 1956).
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- Jul 2023
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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when you see that the rates of domestic abuse among police officers in the United States is higher than the general average in the public. So, you know, when you think about why that's happening, perhaps it's that the job is making them a bit more on edge or causing them to behave in certain ways. I think what's more likely is that people who are abusive 01:32:41 are disproportionately likely to seek out a job in which you can abuse people. Now, this is not to say that police officers are bad people, but it is to say that, for the slice of the population that is abusive, especially the people who like to wield power and carry a gun and terrorize people, for them, as one of the police officers in London told me who's in charge of recruitment for the Metropolitan Police, she said to me, "Look, if you're an abusive bigot, 01:33:06 policing is an attractive career choice. It doesn't mean that police officers are generally abusive bigots. It means that for that slice of the population, they like the idea of being able to professionally abuse people."
- self-selection effect
- example
- police
- it is likely that abusive, controlling people are on average, more attracted to being police officers because they can control and abuse others in that position
- police
- example
- self-selection effect
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Doraville, Georgia.
- Example
- self-selection effect
- Doraville police department created a video of hyper-masculine SWAT team to attract new officers
- they attracted hyper-masculine males
- New Zealand took the opposite approach
- We absolutely have to have oversight and very close scrutiny of police officers who abuse their authority.
- But at the same time, we have to think more carefully about who ends up in the uniform to begin with.
- self-selection effect
- Example
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The same is true for power. People who are power-hungry, people who are psychopaths tend to self-select into positions of power more than the rest of us. And as a result, we have this skew, this bias in positions of power where certain types of people, often the wrong kinds of people, 00:14:51 are more likely to put themselves forward to rule over the rest of us
- key observation
- People who are power-hungry, people who are psychopaths
- tend to self-select into positions of power more than the rest of us.
- And as a result, we have this skew, this bias in positions of power
- where certain types of people, often the wrong kinds of people,
- are more likely to put themselves forward to rule over the rest of us
- People who are power-hungry, people who are psychopaths
- key observation
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self-selection effect
- definition
- self-selection effect
- those people who are power-hungry and seek control are far more likely to seek positions of power in the first place, and are focused and develop skills to get it.
- self-selection effect
- definition
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The reason, then, for the omission of authors and worksafter 1900 is simply that the Editors did not feel that they oranyone else could accurately judge the merits of contempo-rary writings.
The idea of the Lindy effect is subtly hiding here. Presumably it also existed before.
It's often seen in how historians can or can't easily evaluate the impact of recent historical figures without the appropriate amount of additional evaluation with respect to passing time.
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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dunning-kruger effect
- Definition
- Dunning-kruger effect
- the less you know, the more you think you know
- the more you know, the less you think you know
- the left hemisphere doesn't know what it doesn't know so it thinks it knows everything
- Dunning-kruger effect
- Definition
Tags
Annotators
URL
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- Jun 2023
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www.alignmentforum.org www.alignmentforum.org
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An article recommended to me by Dalton V. that he thought I'd enjoy and appreciate. Looks like AlignmentForum is one of those "online Rationalist communities" (like LessWrong, SlateStarCodex, etc.).
The blog post "The Waluigi Effect" by Cleo Nardo touches on a variety of interesting topics:
- the Waluigi effect
- Simulator Theory
- Derrida's "there is no outside text"
- RLHF (Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback) and potential limits
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- May 2023
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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The Hawthorne effect is a type of human behavior reactivity
explore relationships here with body doubling, observer effect (physics), and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle...
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- Apr 2023
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Vicky Zhao indirectly frames the answer for "why have a zettelkasten?", especially for learning, as overcoming the "illusion of competence" which is closely related to the mere-exposure effect and the Dunning–Kruger effect.
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themindfulteacher.medium.com themindfulteacher.medium.com
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The Medici effect is a concept that describes the way in which innovation arises from the intersection of different disciplines and ideas. The term was coined by author Frans Johansson in his book “The Medici Effect: What Elephants and Epidemics Can Teach Us About Innovation”. The Medici family of Renaissance-era Florence is used as an example of the way in which the intersection of different disciplines, such as art, science, and finance, led to a period of great innovation and cultural advancement. Similarly, Johansson argues that innovation today is more likely to occur when people from different backgrounds and disciplines come together to share ideas and collaborate. The Medici effect highlights the importance of diversity, curiosity, and creativity in driving innovation and problem-solving.
Frans Johansson's "Medici effect" which describes innovation arriving from an admixture of diversity of people and their ideas sounds like a human-based mode of combinatorial creativity similar to that seen in the commonplace book/zettelkasten traditions. Instead of the communication occurring between a person and their notes or written work, the communication occurs between people.
How is the information between these people crystalized? Some may be written, some may be in prototypes and final physical products, while some may simply be stored in the people themselves for sharing and re-sharing over time.
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- Mar 2023
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royalsocietypublishing.org royalsocietypublishing.org
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‘the ratchet effect’
New term for me - the Ratchet effect! - equivalent to CCE - A ratchet is a device with angled teeth that allows a bar or cog to move in one direction only. Here, it is a metaphor for the accumulation of increasingly effective modifications without reverting back to prior, less effective states.
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- Feb 2023
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brunocalza.me brunocalza.me
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Another point made by Wirth is that complexity promotes customer dependence on the vendor. So there is an incentive to make things complex in order to create a dependency of the customer generating a more stable stream of income.
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theconversation.com theconversation.com
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Confronting facts that don’t line up with your worldview may trigger a “backfire effect,”
- Confronting facts that don’t line up with your worldview
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may trigger a “backfire effect,”
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Comment
- in contentious issues, merely presenting facts may more deeply entrench there other's held beliefs
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- Jan 2023
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www.sciencedirect.com www.sciencedirect.com
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Who falls for fake news? Psychological and clinical profiling evidence of fake news consumers
Participants with a schizotypal, paranoid, and histrionic personality were ineffective at detecting fake news. They were also more vulnerable to suffer its negative effects. Specifically, they displayed higher levels of anxiety and committed more cognitive biases based on suggestibility and the Barnum Effect. No significant effects on psychotic symptomatology or affective mood states were observed. Corresponding to these outcomes, two clinical and therapeutic recommendations related to the reduction of the Barnum Effect and the reinterpretation of digital media sensationalism were made. The impact of fake news and possible ways of prevention are discussed.
Fake news and personality disorders
The observed relationship between fake news and levels of schizotypy was consistent with previous scientific evidence on pseudoscientific beliefs and magical ideation (see Bronstein et al., 2019; Escolà-Gascón, Marín, et al., 2021). Following the dual process theory model (e.g., Pennycook & Rand, 2019), when a person does not correctly distinguish between information with scientific arguments and information without scientific grounds it is because they predominantly use cognitive reasoning characterized by intuition (e.g., Dagnall, Drinkwater, et al., 2010; Swami et al., 2014; Dagnall et al., 2017b; Williams et al., 2021).
Concomitantly, intuitive thinking correlates positively with magical beliefs (see Šrol, 2021). Psychopathological classifications include magical beliefs as a dimension of schizotypal personality (e.g., Escolà-Gascón, 2020a). Therefore, it is possible that the high schizotypy scores in this study can be explained from the perspective of dual process theory (Denovan et al., 2018; Denovan et al., 2020; Drinkwater, Dagnall, Denovan, & Williams, 2021). Intuitive thinking could be the moderating variable that explains why participants who scored higher in schizotypy did not effectively detect fake news.
Something similar happened with the subclinical trait of paranoia. This variable scored the highest in both group 1 and group 2 (see Fig. 1). Intuition is also positively related to conspiratorial ideation (see Drinkwater et al., 2020; Gligorić et al., 2021). Similarly, psychopathology tends to classify conspiracy ideation as a frequent belief system in paranoid personality (see Escolà-Gascón, 2022). This is because conspiracy beliefs are based on systematic distrust of the systems that structure society (political system), knowledge (science) and economy (capitalism) (Dagnall et al., 2015; Swami et al., 2014). Likewise, it is known that distrust is the transversal characteristic of paranoid personality (So et al., 2022). Then, in this case the use of intuitive thinking and dual process theory could also justify the obtained paranoia scores. The same is not true for the histrionic personality.
The Barnum Effect
The Barnum Effect consists of accepting as exclusive a verbal description of an individual's personality, when, the description employs contents applicable or generalizable to any profile or personality that one wishes to describe (see Boyce & Geller, 2002; O’Keeffe & Wiseman, 2005). The error of this bias is to assume as exclusive or unique information that is not. This error can occur in other contexts not limited to personality descriptions. Originally, this bias was studied in the field of horoscopes and pseudoscience's (see Matute et al., 2011). Research results suggest that people who do not effectively detect fake news regularly commit the Barnum Effect. So, one way to prevent fake news may be to educate about what the Barnum Effect is and how to avoid it.
Conclusions
The conclusions of this research can be summarized as follows: (1) The evidence obtained proposes that profiles with high scores in schizotypy, paranoia and histrionism are more vulnerable to the negative effects of fake news. In clinical practice, special caution is recommended for patients who meet the symptomatic characteristics of these personality traits.
(2) In psychiatry and clinical psychology, it is proposed to combat fake news by reducing or recoding the Barnum effect, reinterpreting sensationalism in the media and promoting critical thinking in social network users. These suggestions can be applied from intervention programs but can also be implemented as psychoeducational programs for massive users of social networks.
(3) Individuals who do not effectively detect fake news tend to have higher levels of anxiety, both state and trait anxiety. These individuals are also highly suggestible and tend to seek strong emotions. Profiles of this type may inappropriately employ intuitive thinking, which could be the psychological mechanism that.
(4) Positive psychotic symptomatology, affective mood states and substance use (addiction risks) were not affected by fake news. In the field of psychosis, it should be analyzed whether fake news influences negative psychotic symptomatology.
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- Nov 2022
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scientificallysound.org scientificallysound.org
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Cohen was reluctant to provide reference values for his standardized effect size measures. Although he stated that d = 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 correspond to small, medium and large effects, he specified that these values provide a conventional frame of reference which is recommended when no other basis is available.
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store.steampowered.com store.steampowered.com
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Played for free during the first few days of the game's release. For its current price to content ratio, I can't justify spending $30 for four modes of play (minus one since I rarely play local multiplayer). Battle Royale is dead on arrival as a result of being locked behind such a wall.
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this game really needs to go free-to-play (just for the battle royale mode) in order to not be immediately DOA. the fact that even during a free weekend on launch day lobbies are still barely filling up is very concerning for this game's future.
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- Oct 2022
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Local file Local file
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I am not much like Turner ; but I believe that I am like him in that Iam aware that in history you cannot prove an inference. You cannotprove causation, much as you crave to do it. You may present sequencesof events, whose relationship suggests a link-up of cause and consequence ;
you may carry on the inquiry for a lifetime without discovering other events inconsistent with the hypothesis which has caught your eye. But you can never get beyond a circumstantial case. . . .<br /> "A Footnote to the Safety-Valve," August 15, 1940, Paxson Papers (University of California Library, Berkeley)
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- Sep 2022
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news.ycombinator.com news.ycombinator.com
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let's be honest, many people who create sites for money will not necessarily coach the business to keep it simple, since they will earn less money from it
Tags
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URL
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www.newyorker.com www.newyorker.com
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Emilio Gómez Milán
!- reference : Emilio Gomez Milan - university of Granada, Spain conducted psycho-thermal studies "Pinnochio effect" of lying generating heat of the nose
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www.artima.com www.artima.com
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Anders Hejlsberg: Let's start with versioning, because the issues are pretty easy to see there. Let's say I create a method foo that declares it throws exceptions A, B, and C. In version two of foo, I want to add a bunch of features, and now foo might throw exception D. It is a breaking change for me to add D to the throws clause of that method, because existing caller of that method will almost certainly not handle that exception. Adding a new exception to a throws clause in a new version breaks client code. It's like adding a method to an interface. After you publish an interface, it is for all practical purposes immutable, because any implementation of it might have the methods that you want to add in the next version. So you've got to create a new interface instead. Similarly with exceptions, you would either have to create a whole new method called foo2 that throws more exceptions, or you would have to catch exception D in the new foo, and transform the D into an A, B, or C. Bill Venners: But aren't you breaking their code in that case anyway, even in a language without checked exceptions? If the new version of foo is going to throw a new exception that clients should think about handling, isn't their code broken just by the fact that they didn't expect that exception when they wrote the code? Anders Hejlsberg: No, because in a lot of cases, people don't care. They're not going to handle any of these exceptions. There's a bottom level exception handler around their message loop. That handler is just going to bring up a dialog that says what went wrong and continue. The programmers protect their code by writing try finally's everywhere, so they'll back out correctly if an exception occurs, but they're not actually interested in handling the exceptions. The throws clause, at least the way it's implemented in Java, doesn't necessarily force you to handle the exceptions, but if you don't handle them, it forces you to acknowledge precisely which exceptions might pass through. It requires you to either catch declared exceptions or put them in your own throws clause. To work around this requirement, people do ridiculous things. For example, they decorate every method with, "throws Exception." That just completely defeats the feature, and you just made the programmer write more gobbledy gunk. That doesn't help anybody.
The issue here seems to be the transitivity issue. If method A calls B which in turn calls C, then if C adds a new checked exception B needs to add it even if it is just proxying it and A is already handling it via "finally". This seems like an issue of inference to me. If method B could dynamically infer its checked exceptions this wouldn't be as big of an issue.
You also probably want effect polymorphism for the exceptions so you can handle it for higher order functions.
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www.scientificamerican.com www.scientificamerican.com
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Experiments on Twitter by Bjarke Mønsted and his colleagues at the Technical University of Denmark and the University of Southern California indicate that information is transmitted via “complex contagion”: when we are repeatedly exposed to an idea, typically from many sources, we are more likely to adopt and reshare it. This social bias is further amplified by what psychologists call the “mere exposure” effect: when people are repeatedly exposed to the same stimuli, such as certain faces, they grow to like those stimuli more than those they have encountered less often.
This seems slightly different than the mere-exposure effect that Ahrens (2017) delineated. Are they same/different/related, but contextually different?
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Not related to this text, but just thinking...
Writing against a blank page is dreadful and we all wish we would be visited by the muses. But writing against another piece of text can be incredibly fruitful for generating ideas, even if they don't necessarily relate to the text at hand. The text gives us something to latch onto for creating work.
Try the following exercise:<br /> Write down 20 things that are white.<br /> (Not easy is it?)
Now write down 20 things in your refrigerator that are white?<br /> (The ideas come a lot easier don't they, even if you couldn't come up with 20.)
The more specific area helped you anchor your thoughts and give them a positive direction. Annotating against texts in which you're interested does this same sort of anchoring for your brain when you're writing.
Is there research on this area of concentration with respect to creativity?
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Joey Cofone: Are there laws to creativity?
Joey Cofone, author of the upcoming book The Laws of Creativity, is selling the idea of "float" (in comparison to Mihaly Csikzentmihaly's "flow"), which is ostensibly similar to Barbara Oakley's diffuse thinking framework, Nassim Nicholas Taleb's flâneur framing, and a dose of the Zeigarnik effect.
I'm concerned that this book will be broadly prescriptive without any founding on any of the extant research, literature, or science of the past. I'll think more highly of it if it were to quote/reference something like Merton and Barber's The Travels and Adventures of Serendipity: A Study in Sociological Semantics and the Sociology of Science.
Following on the above:
David Allen (of GTD fame) indicates that one should close all open loops to free up working memory, but leaving some open for active thought, follow up, and potential future insight creation can be a useful pattern too. (2022-09-09 9:05 AM)
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- Aug 2022
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www.axios.com www.axios.com
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Herman, B. (2021, July 12). Most unvaccinated people have low incomes. Axios. https://www.axios.com/covid-vaccines-low-income-poor-workers-58698275-0451-4158-a967-37189dbf673c.html
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Willsher, K. (2021, October 11). French study of over 22m people finds vaccines cut severe Covid risk by 90%. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/11/french-study-vaccines-cut-covid-deaths
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Bar-On, Y. M., Goldberg, Y., Mandel, M., Bodenheimer, O., Freedman, L., Alroy-Preis, S., Ash, N., Huppert, A., & Milo, R. (2021). Protection Across Age Groups of BNT162b2 Vaccine Booster against Covid-19 (p. 2021.10.07.21264626). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.07.21264626
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jamanetwork.com jamanetwork.com
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Haas, J. W., Bender, F. L., Ballou, S., Kelley, J. M., Wilhelm, M., Miller, F. G., Rief, W., & Kaptchuk, T. J. (2022). Frequency of Adverse Events in the Placebo Arms of COVID-19 Vaccine Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open, 5(1), e2143955. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.43955
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www.washingtonpost.com www.washingtonpost.com
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McGinley, L., & Sun, L. (n.d.). FDA adds new warning on Johnson & Johnson vaccine related to rare autoimmune disorder. Washington Post. Retrieved July 13, 2021, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/07/12/johnson-and-johnson-warning/
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Ledford, H. (2021). COVID vaccines and blood clots: Five key questions. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00998-w
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firstdraftnews.org firstdraftnews.org
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Cubbon, S. (2021, March 17). Fringe communities feed on RT coverage to undermine Covid-19 vaccinations. First Draft. https://firstdraftnews.org:443/articles/rt-fringe-undermine-covid-vaccinations/
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Beers, L. S. (2021, October 26). Opinion | Yes, You’ll Want to Vaccinate Your Kids Against Covid. An Expert Explains Why. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/26/opinion/covid-vaccine-kids.html
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www.ons.gov.uk www.ons.gov.uk
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Jones, B., Wardman, L., & Tinkler, L. (2021, September 3). Coronavirus vaccine hesitancy in younger adults—Office for National Statistics. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthandwellbeing/articles/coronavirusvaccinehesitancyinyoungeradults/june2021
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Ahuja, A. (2021, November 7). UK dithering over Covid jabs for young must not happen again. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/e5dd42d4-a555-4208-a218-738fc09a618c
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www.bmj.com www.bmj.com
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Paterlini, M. (2021). Covid-19: Sweden, Norway, and Finland suspend use of Moderna vaccine in young people “as a precaution.” BMJ, 375, n2477. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2477
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www.scientificamerican.com www.scientificamerican.com
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Landhuis, E. (2021, November 12). Investigating Antidepressants’ Surprising Effect on COVID Deaths. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/investigating-antidepressants-surprising-effect-on-covid-deaths/
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Anderson, J., Lueders, A., Sankaran, S., Green, E., & Politi, E. (2021). The COVID-19 Multifaceted Threat Scale. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/jfgvr
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Swire-Thompson, B., Miklaucic, N., Wihbey, J., Lazer, D., & DeGutis, J. (2021). Backfire effects after correcting misinformation are strongly associated with reliability. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/e3pvx
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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McDiarmid, A. D., Tullett, A. M., Whitt, C. M., Vazire, S., Smaldino, P. E., & Stephens, J. E. (2021). Psychologists update their beliefs about effect sizes after replication studies. Nature Human Behaviour, 5(12), 1663–1673. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01220-7
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Holmberg, D., Bell, K. M., & Cadman, K. (2021). A Little Good News—Relationships During Early Stages of COVID-19 Pandemic. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/x7sq4
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Swire-Thompson, B., Cook, J., Butler, L., Sanderson, J., Lewandowsky, S., & Ecker, U. (2021). Correction Format has a Limited Role when Debunking Misinformation. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gwxe4
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Zhao, W. J., Coady, A., & Bhatia, S. (2021). Computational mechanisms for context-based behavioral interventions: A large-scale analysis. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8cyad
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Gollub, R. L. (2022). Brain changes after COVID revealed by imaging. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00503-x
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Prof. Shane Crotty. (2021, October 19). 1/ The regular vaccines give great booster responses against Delta and other variants This was first shown by Moderna, with “original recipe” vaccine booster, compare to Beta booster. Https://nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01527-y https://t.co/g7YDwGIURP [Tweet]. @profshanecrotty. https://twitter.com/profshanecrotty/status/1450489709050744833
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www.schneems.com www.schneems.com
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I don’t like that when I read the Basecamp news and had a visceral reaction, my first thought was, “Will my commit access be revoked if I share what’s on my mind?” It’s incredibly unclear what mechanisms exist to remove commit access from someone against their will, and also unclear what recourse those people can take to get it re-instated.
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Local file Local file
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Phenomena can be so familiar that wereally do not see them at all, a matter that has been much discussed by literarytheorists and philosophers. For example, Viktor Shklovskij in the early 1920sdeveloped the idea that the function of poetic art is that of “making strange”the object depicted. “People living at the seashore grow so accustomed to themurmur of the waves that they never hear it. By the same token, we scarcelyever hear the words which we utter . . . We look at each other, but we do not seeeach other any more. Our perception of the world has withered away; what hasremained is mere recognition.”
Fish in water effect
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Khairy Jamaluddin 🇲🇾🌺. (2021, November 14). Real world data from Chile has shown significant increase in vaccine effectiveness after a booster for people who took Sinovac for their primary series. Biggest boost came with a Pfizer booster. Other countries are also combining SSP. Take the booster when offered. Https://t.co/N98K1eEvTR [Tweet]. @Khairykj. https://twitter.com/Khairykj/status/1459800517635305474
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forum.artofmemory.com forum.artofmemory.com
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Continuing on the bouba/kiki effect thread, I thought some might appreciate this visualization, though I'm unsure of a more concrete method for tying it into my own practice (yet).
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FYCX1WpXEAcYphG?format=jpg&name=small
via
— Alex Tomlinson 🪶 (@hootalex) July 19, 2022
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universitylifecafe.k-state.edu universitylifecafe.k-state.edu
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https://universitylifecafe.k-state.edu/bookshelf/academicskills/indexcardstudysystem.html
Natalie Umberger is writing about an "index card study system" in an academic study skills context, but it's an admixture of come ideas from Cornell Notes and using index cards as flashcards.
The advice to "Review your notes and readings frequently, so the material is 'fresh.' " is a common one (through at least the 1980s to the present), though research on the mere-exposure effect indicates that it's not as valuable as other methods.
How can we stamp out the misconception that this sort of review is practical?
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouba/kiki_effect
The bouba/kiki effect might be an interesting thing to use for memorizing birdsong patterns.
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- Jul 2022
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herman.bearblog.dev herman.bearblog.dev
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Once a post goes viral on Twitter, Hacker News, Reddit, or anywhere else off-platform, it has the potential to form a “Katamari ball” where it gets upvotes because it has upvotes (which means it gets more upvotes, because it has more upvotes, which means…well…you get it). This is also known as "the network effect", but I feel a Katamari ball better illustrates it.
Network effects can describe a broad variety of phenomenon. Is Katamari ball a better descriptor of this specific phenomenon?
How does one prioritize the richer quality Lindy library material that may be even more beneficial than things which are simply new?
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Local file Local file
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In another respect, too, inequality has been retreating. Thespread o f IQ scores has been shrinking steadily - because thelow scores have been catching up with the high ones. Thisexplains the steady, progressive and ubiquitous improvementin the average IQ scores people achieve at a given age - at a rateo f 3 per cent per decade. In two Spanish studies, IQ proved to be9.7 points higher after thirty years, m ost o f it am ong the leastintelligent half o f the group. Known as the Flynn effect, afterJam es Flynn who first drew attention to it
The Flynn effect was initially discounted as either an issue with changes in tests or longer school days or improved education.
See also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn_effect
Link to the same idea in The Extended Mind: https://hyp.is/-84MoBWKEeyBfg9kUEdv2w/www.nytimes.com/2021/06/11/opinion/brain-mind-cognition.html
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- Jun 2022
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effectiviology.com effectiviology.com
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Interleaving is a learning technique that involves mixing together different topics or forms of practice, in order to facilitate learning. For example, if a student uses interleaving while preparing for an exam, they can mix up different types of questions, rather than study only one type of question at a time.Interleaving, which is sometimes referred to as mixed practice or varied practice, is contrasted with blocked practice (sometimes referred to as specific practice), which involves focusing on only a single topic or form of practice at a time.
Interleaving (aka mixed practice or varied practice) is a learning strategy that involves mixing different topics, ideas, or forms of practice to improve outcomes as well as overall productivity. Its opposite and less effective strategy is blocking (or block study or specific practice) which focuses instead on working on limited topics or single forms of practice at the same time.
This may be one of the values of of the Say Something In Welsh method which interleaves various new nouns and verbs as well as verb tenses in focused practice.
Compare this with the block form which would instead focus on lists of nouns in a single session and then at a later time lists of verbs in a more rote fashion. Integrating things together in a broader variety requires more work, but is also much more productive in the long run.
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bulletproofmusician.com bulletproofmusician.com
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“If practicing feels easy, you’re probably not doing it right.
Link to: - plateau effect https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau_effect, also described in Malcolm Gladwell's 10,000 hours rule
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So when we struggle – like when we have difficulty making sense of a math review problem, or when we can’t seem to get a note to speak in quite the right way in a run-through – it appears that we misinterpret greater effort as an indication of reduced learning. And that this is why we tend to gravitate to activities like re-reading the textbook, which feels easier and more productive than struggling for five minutes to solve a review problem and still getting it wrong.
Re-reading a text or our notes may seem like it's an easier and more productive review strategy for tests, but working through more difficult problems that require one to do work to come up with an answer are much more effective.
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Well, for one, there was a clear preference for the blocked study schedule, with 68% of participants reporting that they would choose the blocked strategy to study for a test, while only 32% chose the interleaved strategy. Which is interesting, because the research on blocked vs. interleaved practice suggests that in many cases, interleaving is actually the more effective strategy (here’s a great summary of the research on interleaved practice, why and how it works, guidelines for use, and examples of times when blocked may be better).
Interleaved practice methods are more effective learning strategies than block practice.
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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the research says is that students often
the research says is that students often don't use the right learning strategy because they react negatively to effort in fact it even is so well demonstrated that it has its own name it's called the ==misinterpreted effort hypothesis== it says that students tend to see a learning strategy feel that it is more effortful more challenging and as a result they will veer away from that because they feel that that effort means that they're either doing it wrong or that the technique is bad they consider more effortful learning with being a bad thing
Students will perceive learning strategies that require more effort and work on their part to be less productive in the long term, often when the opposite is the case. This phenomenon is known as the misinterpreted effort hypothesis.
Link to: - research in Ahrens that rereading and reviewing over material seems easy, but isn't as effective as directly answering questions and performing the work to produce one's own answer. - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010028519302270
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Local file Local file
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the Cathedral Effect.2Studies have shown that the environment we find ourselves inpowerfully shapes our thinking
Our surroundings can have a profound effect on our thinking.
Want to read: Joan Meyers-Levy and Rui Zhu, “The Influence of Ceiling Height: The Effect of Priming on the Type of Processing That People Use,” Journal of Consumer Research 34, no. 2 (2007): 174–86, https://doi.org/10.1086/519146.
This is a whole different area than "thought spaces" but somehow relevant all the same.
cross reference this with Annie Murphy Paul's thinking with built spaces
Did Forte find this source on his own or borrow from Annie Murphy Paul? Likely the later given his reliance on other small bits which overlap.
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* This is called “detachment gain,” as explained in The Detachment Gain: TheAdvantage of Thinking Out Loud by Daniel Reisberg, and refers to the“functional advantage to putting thoughts into externalized forms” such asspeaking or writing, leading to the “possibility of new discoveries that might nothave been obtained in any other fashion.” If you’ve ever had to write out aword to remember how it’s spelled, you’ve experienced this
Each word you write triggers mental cascades and internal associations, leading to further ideas, all of which can come tumbling out onto the page or screen.*
Did he pull this from Reisberg originally or from Annie Murphy Paul who he's quoted before?
This concept is an incredibly powerful one and definitely worthy of underlining in a book about thinking and note taking. It's rather sad that he hides the entire concept in the footnotes where the majority of the audience he's trying to reach will completely miss it.
tie this into Feynman technique and generation effect
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First, you are much more likely to remember information you’vewritten down in your own words. Known as the “Generation Effect,”10researchers have found that when people actively generate a seriesof words, such as by speaking or writing, more parts of their brainare activated when compared to simply reading the same words.Writing things down is a way of “rehearsing” those ideas, likepracticing a dance routine or shooting hoops, which makes them farmore likely to stick.
Zachary A. Rosner et al., “The Generation Effect: Activating Broad Neural Circuits During Memory Encoding,” Cortex 49, no. 7 (July–August 2013), 1901–1909, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2012.09.009. #wanttoread
How does the "Generation Effect" tie into the Feynman technique for understanding, modality shifting for memory and understanding, and even a mild form of spaced repetition for memory?
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Moreover, civilization has used renewables not to reduce fossil fuel demand but to augment energy consumption.
Jevon's paradox and rebound effects.
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www.linkedin.com www.linkedin.com
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Energy efficiency has never been more crucial! The time to unleashing its massive potential has come
Will this conference debate rebound effects of efficiency? If not, it will not have the desirable net effect.
My linked In comments were:
Alessandro Blasi, will this conference address the rebound effect? In particular, Brockway et al. have done a 2021 meta-analysis of 33 research papers on rebound effects of energy efficiency efforts and conclude:
"...economy-wide rebound effects may erode more than half of the expected energy savings from improved energy efficiency. We also find that many of the mechanisms driving rebound effects are overlooked by integrated assessment and global energy models. We therefore conclude that global energy scenarios may underestimate the future rate of growth of global energy demand."
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