Manski, C. F., & Tetenov, A. (2020). Statistical Decision Properties of Imprecise Trials Assessing COVID-19 Drugs (Working Paper No. 27293; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27293

Chatterji, P., & Li, Y. (2020). Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Outpatient Providers in the US (Working Paper No. 27173; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27173

Akesson, J., Ashworth-Hayes, S., Hahn, R., Metcalfe, R. D., & Rasooly, I. (2020). Fatalism, Beliefs, and Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Working Paper No. 27245; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27245

Al-Ubaydli, O., Lee, M. S., List, J. A., Mackevicius, C. L., & Suskind, D. (undefined/ed). How can experiments play a greater role in public policy? Twelve proposals from an economic model of scaling. Behavioural Public Policy, 1–48. https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2020.17

Vachuska, K. (2020). Initial Effects of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Racial Prejudice in the United States: Evidence from Google Trends [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/bgpk3

Facebook, Twitter, options, S. more sharing, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Email, URLCopied!, C. L., & Print. (2020, July 21). Wearing masks could help you avoid major illness even if you get coronavirus, experts say. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-07-21/masks-help-avoid-major-illness-coronavirus

Azim, S. S., roy, arindam, Aich, A., & Dey, D. (2020). Fake news in the time of environmental disaster: Preparing framework for COVID-19 [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/wdr5v

Martin, G., Hanna, E., & Dingwall, R. (2020). Face masks for the public during Covid-19: An appeal for caution in policy [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/uyzxe

Kubinec, R., & Carvalho, L. (2020). A Retrospective Bayesian Model for Measuring Covariate Effects on Observed COVID-19 Test and Case Counts [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/jp4wk

Goldman, D. S. (2020). Initial Observations of Psychological and Behavioral Effects of COVID-19 in the United States, Using Google Trends Data. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/jecqp

Payne, J. L., Morgan, A., & Piquero, A. R. (2020). COVID-19 and Social Distancing Measures in Queensland Australia Are Associated with Short-Term Decreases in Recorded Violent Crime [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/z4m8t

Herper, M. (2020, July 1). Covid-19 vaccine from Pfizer and BioNTech shows positive results. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/01/coronavirus-vaccine-from-pfizer-and-biontech-shows-positive-results-report-says.html

Locher, Clara, David Moher, Ioana Cristea, and Naudet Florian. ‘Publication by Association: The Covid-19 Pandemic Reveals Relationships between Authors and Editors’. Preprint. MetaArXiv, 15 July 2020. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/64u3s.

Jarynowski, A., & Płatek, D. (2020). Could Ramadan catalyze or inhibit SARS-CoV-2 spread? Preliminary results [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/725dv

Aksoy, C. G., Eichengreen, B., & Saka, O. (2020). The Political Scar of Epidemics [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/p25nh

Freud, E., Stajduhar, A., Rosenbaum, R. S., Avidan, G., & Ganel, T. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic masks the way people perceive faces [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zjmr8

Fatfouta, R., & Oganian, Y. (2020). Bargaining under social distancing requirements: Effects of face masks on socio-economic decision-making in the COVID-19 pandemic [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/cn7by

This is one of the effects of depression

Olsson-Collentine, A., van Assen, M. A. L. M., & Wicherts, J. M. (2020). Postprint—Heterogeneity in direct replications in psychology and its association with effect size [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/m23v4

Sugawara, D., Masuyama, A., & kubo, takahiro. (2020). “My satisfied life was locked down!” Change of life, fear of COVID-19, negative symptoms and present, future, and past life satisfaction [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/sndpm

Lakens, D. (2019). The practical alternative to the p-value is the correctly used p-value [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/shm8v

Parsons, Sam. ‘Reliability Multiverse’, 26 June 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/y6tcz.

Sharma, N., Uttrani, S., & Dutt, V. (2020, June 19). Modeling the Absence of Framing Effect in an Experience-based Covid-19 Disease Problem. 18th Annual Meeting of the International Conference on Cognitive Modelling. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342313460_Modeling_the_Absence_of_Framing_Effect_in_an_Experience-based_Covid-19_Disease_Problem

Kitamura, S., & Yamada, K. (2020). Social Comparisons and Cooperation During COVID-19 [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rsbmz

Somma, F., Bartolomeo, P., Vallone, F., Argiuolo, A., Cerrato, A., Miglino, O., Mandolesi, L., Zurlo, M. C., & Gigliotta, O. (2020). Further to the left. Stress-induced increase of spatial pseudoneglect during the COVID-19 lockdown [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xb954

Muungo, L. (2020). Effects of pneumococcal vaccine in patients with chronic respiratory disease. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gwqvx

Brodeur, A., Cook, N., & Heyes, A. (2020). A Proposed Specification Check for p-Hacking. AEA Papers and Proceedings, 110, 66–69. https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20201078

Chatterjee, A., & Chatterjee, A. (2020). Managing through uncertain times: A study to understand the effects of conducting socio-academic life online during COVID-19 [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zjaey

Attali, Y., Budescu, D., & Arieli-Attali, M. (2020). An item response approach to calibration of confidence judgments. Decision, 7(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000111

Buecker, S., Horstmann, K. T., Krasko, J., Kritzler, S., Terwiel, S., Kaiser, T., & Luhmann, M. (2020). Changes in daily loneliness during the first four weeks of the Covid-19 lockdown in Germany [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ytkx9

Writing is a great tool to compound your learning. To write about something, you need to first understand it. Forcing yourself to write after reading something can help you create a "generational effect". Your brain retains the information more by having to "create" the information as opposed to passively reading it off of a screen/page.

Writing in public is the preferential mode of writing. It allows you to receive critiques on your writing, which in turn can help you gain more knowledge. You can gain perspective, or discover new ways to tacke a problem.

Myers, K. R., Tham, W. Y., Yin, Y., Cohodes, N., Thursby, J. G., Thursby, M. C., Schiffer, P. E., Walsh, J. T., Lakhani, K. R., & Wang, D. (2020). Quantifying the Immediate Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Scientists. ArXiv:2005.11358 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.11358

Holmes, E. A., O’Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Silver, R. C., Everall, I., Ford, T., John, A., Kabir, T., King, K., Madan, I., Michie, S., Przybylski, A. K., Shafran, R., Sweeney, A., … Bullmore, E. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1

Orgilés, M., Morales, A., Delvecchio, E., Mazzeschi, C., & Espada, J. P. (2020). Immediate psychological effects of the COVID-19 quarantine in youth from Italy and Spain [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5bpfz

Swire-Thompson, B., DeGutis, J., & Lazer, D. (2020, May 15). Searching for the backfire effect: Measurement and design considerations. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ba2kc

Skalski, S., Uram, P., Dobrakowski, P., & Kwiatkowska, A. (2020, May 18). The Link Between Ego-resiliency, Social Support, SARS-CoV-2 Anxiety and Trauma Effects. Polish Adaptation of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/28tnw

In a classroom setting a teacher may perform many of the metacognitive tasks that are necessary for the student to learn. E.g. they may take over monitoring for confusion as well as testing the students to evaluate their understanding.

Dunn, C. G., Kenney, E., Fleischhacker, S. E., & Bleich, S. N. (2020). Feeding Low-Income Children during the Covid-19 Pandemic. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), e40. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2005638

Pham, T. M., Kondor, I., Hanel, R., & Thurner, S. (2020). The effect of social balance on social fragmentation. ArXiv:2005.01815 [Nlin, Physics:Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.01815

Elmer, T., Mepham, K., & Stadtfeld, C. (2020). Students under lockdown: Assessing change in students’ social networks and mental health during the COVID-19 crisis [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ua6tq

Lelonkiewicz, J. R., Gambi, C., Weller, L., & Pfister, R. (2020, April 15). Lelonkiewicz_et_al_2020_Adaptation_and_Anticipation. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000717

Kotcher, J. E., Myers, T. A., Vraga, E. K., Stenhouse, N., & Maibach, E. W. (2017). Does Engagement in Advocacy Hurt the Credibility of Scientists? Results from a Randomized National Survey Experiment. Environmental Communication, 11(3), 415–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2016.1275736

Barrafrem, K., Västfjäll, D., & Tinghög, G. (2020, April 30). Financial well-being, COVID-19, and the financial better-than-average-effect. Retrieved from psyarxiv.com/tkuaf

Summers, D. (2020, April 10). The Absurd Error Lockdown Skeptics and Anti-Vaxxers Both Make. The Daily Beast. https://www.thedailybeast.com/coronavirus-lockdown-skeptics-and-anti-vaxxers-make-same-absurd-error

Main and interaction effects - graphs

Mix anova when no interaction effect is found.

Mix Anova interpretation step 3a

Thanks for the reminder Barbara Streisand!

Factors that affect power.

Recommendations from Cohen about choosing the effect size when doing a power analysis.

The absence of the teacher here seems like an issue. To what extent may the students have come up with that perception on their own, or might they perceive it because the teacher told them about the work involved in vetting this particular textbook? What, if anything, did the traditional textbook teachers say?

(Further down the paragraph it's made clear that the OERs were adapted to be more relevant, which I agree is part of the attraction of OERs and including that is fair. But I'd still like to know what the teachers said in class about it, if anything.)

Students who have been primed with the knowledge that this course uses a lower-cost OER text are more critical of textbook price vs use in other courses?

This is what the national conference came out with

Implications of birch effect - Climate change

birch effect conondrum

See also: http://paulgraham.com/re.html

This article concentrates on 5 different areas of Quebec (Beauce, Terrebonne, Charlevoix, Rimouski and Sanguenay) where hereditary disorders occur at varying rates and for a variety of specific disorders. They investigate how frequent or rare these genes and/ or mutations are in present day populations, keeping in mind the geographic migrations of the founding population. The population is unique because not only did the "founder's effect" occur, but the French-Canadians kept very in-depth genealogical records (mainly through Catholic Church supported baptismal and marriage records and the Church's encouragement of large families), and also due to their historical isolation after their "founding" due to political changes in Europe and the US.

"Because of the structure and demographic history of its population, Quebec, which developed from a small pool of founders and whose rapid expansion was primarily the result of natural increase, constitutes a remarkable laboratory for population genetics studies. The genealogies that can be reconstructed for this context possess levels of completeness and depth rarely obtained elsewhere." Thoughts: these 5 populations are different than the usual studies I have come across which tend to focus just on the areas north of the St. Lawrence River (Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean) where the genetic disease rate is astronomical in comparison to the large immigrant-centered cities of Montreal and Quebec City. The study's authors note their weaknesses as: their relatively small sample size (must have skewed their results), also did not take in the nature of recessive genes in these populations.

Edward Thorndike's three laws of learning. The page does not explain this, but his theories came out in about 1900. His three laws of learning appear to be relevant to our course work. This simple page features black text on a white page. It is brief and it simply describes the three laws of learning. rating 5/5

One example of this technique is Arcade Fire's album The Suburbs. Producer Craig Silvery explained in SOS November 2010 that he used "two short delays from an AMS with a little pitch-shift, one up and one down, which thickened the vocals like a doubler”. https://www.soundonsound.com/people/craig-silvey-mixing-arcade-fire-suburbs

This step is somewhat similar to the EEC (Evidence/Example Effect Change/Challenge) model, often used with Feedback?

Is it true that post humanism takes issue with the cause and effect pattern? In the sense that these two things are separate entities? (Referring to Burke's belief that we are naturally divided from other people)

This brings to mind Cicero's De Oratore, where Crassus discusses art (in the sense of a skill, systematic knowledge of a particular field) and eloquence. Instead of a theory of rhetoric/oratory leading to eloquence, "certain people have observed and collected the practices that eloquent men have followed of their own accord. Thus, eloquence is not the offspring of art, but art [is the offspring] of eloquence." The skill itself always precedes the systematization of the skill.

• Kendall Rogers = Chair of SHM Information Technology Committee
• Future role of hospitalist = QI initiatives, health information technology
• Training needs, fellowship curricular components

Biggest challenge will be integration of different technological solutions and sources of data - workflows for delivering care and for research purposes (e.g., person-level QI initiatives, passive baseline data)

Chicken or the egg? Technological advances were tailored for specific needs in accordance with growth of hospitalist model

Las fuertes e impactantes declarciones de Liliana son un ejemplo de efecto acumulativo en cuanto a que estuvo prolongadamente expuesta a factores negativos y mientras más intensa es la exposición, peor se manifiesta el efecto en la salud.

Angela fue afectada por abusos en su niñez y ese cuadro lo reproduce en su hijo como si tuviera alguna predisposición inconsciente.<br>

Pienso que esto es Pathway effect en cuanto a que Silvia de alguna manera reprodujo lo que vio en su hogar porque ya tenia un escenario predispuesto. El health behavior que quiero destacar es el comportamiento en cuanto a la dieta ya que eran pobres y comía comida enlatada no saludable y no tenían seguridad alimentaria.

Este es un ejemplo que demuestra como mientras más prolongada sea la exposición a series de experiencias negativas acumulativas, peor el desenlace y los efectos

Como indica el efecto de vía o camino, aquí se demuestra como las experiencias traumáticas a temprana edad pueden predestinarte a tener un futuro fracasado, es decir, dan forma a la experiencias subsecuentes.

Esto es un ejemplo de efectos latentes en la medida en que el rechazo y el abuso en la niñez están asociados directamente con enfermedades reflejadas más en la adultez como la diabetes, enfermedades mentales y del corazón. Es un ejemplo de experiencias en la niñez que forman o moldean la vida adulta:

Biasing statement, made by a trusted official in position of power. Pro-prosecution effect.

Emotional, not factual information. Pro-prosecution effect

This is not relevant to the successful prosecution of this woman's murderer. Pro-defense effect. Casts the victim in a sketchy light so as to evoke emotion from the jury pool. Attempting to separate the victim from possible jury pool (i.e., harder for jurors to imagine themselves the victim).

Pro-prosecution effect. Biasing towards the defendant.

Initial population has to be large enough to avoid founder effects and stochasticity, as well as remain dense enough to support the survival of individuals.

WWI marked the introduction of chemical warfare which in return created complete terror and pandemonium; soldiers were not prepared for the effects of chemical warfare. As Jones indicates, the use of chemical warfare was to “terrorize the enemy and make their troops temporarily lose their minds.” Alexander Watson also claimed in his study (as cited in Jones, 2014) “gas created uncertainty: unlike shrapnel, it killed from the inside, eroding a soldier’s sense of control, while raising the terrifying fear of being suffocated." Going off the “created uncertainty” we have the use of "ecstasy" which encompasses a trance-like state; coinciding with the idea of being "drunk with fatigue" (see above annotation) from the effects of the gas. The delayed reactions of the soldiers against the gas would result in a behavior of "fumbling." The gas was designed to attack the nervous system; accelerating the deterioration of the body and mind.

War is not only difficult on the physical aspect of an individual; it is just as difficult on the emotional and mental capacity of a human. It is factual that WWI culminated an astronomical amount of casualties, destruction, and disablement. This reference to being “drunk” may help guide us into the notion that soldiers are not able to differentiate between fantasy and reality under the duress of mentioned “fatigue.” We can understand that the state of "drunk" alters your reality and can have dangerous repercussions; in this sense, the loss of one's mind or life. In the prior lines we have loss of physical functionalities of the human body with words such as “limped on,” “lame,” and “blind,” which coincides with the premature aging or physical deterioration of the soldiers.

Secondary effect from panic

This is so important to note. This is in a way is comparable to the Rebound Effect squared. Where the Rebound Effect goes mostly unnoticed and takes places on a subconscious level, this is rather a "Well, f**k it then...", which is more severe...

Brain Games persuasion experiment: A fake sales person utilizes the halo effect, expert bias, and artificial scarcity to to promote a worthless product to consumers.

Thereby implying that "ineffective literature" can be a thing and that the absence of rhetoric in literature can also be a thing. Which, idk, I'm not sure if I buy this. But I suppose that depends on my definition of rhetoric and also my definition of effective.