这个描述表明2025年IMO数学竞赛中使用了与人类相同的评判标准，这是AI评估方法的重要转变。这一数据点展示了如何利用现有的专业评估体系来创建更严格的基准测试。

作者断言本地模型对用户没有价值，这是一个主观判断。不同用户可能有不同需求，有些人可能重视未来功能或性能提升。这种绝对化的表述忽视了用户需求的多样性。更平衡的方法应该是承认潜在价值，同时强调透明度和用户选择权的重要性。

这个观点突出了判断力在软件工程中的核心价值。

这个观点指出，过度依赖AI生成内容会阻碍个人判断力的培养。

作者将风险投资置于'有限需求+开放循环'象限，这是一个令人惊讶的见解。它暗示即使在AI时代，某些需要人类判断和有限资源的领域仍然难以被AI完全替代，这对理解AI的局限性提供了重要视角。

将风险投资归类为有限需求+开放循环的有趣定位，揭示了即使在AI时代，投资决策这类需要复杂判断和价值评估的活动仍将保持人类主导，反映了AI在认知密集型领域的局限性。

令人惊讶的是：在创意放大器类别中，AI能够生成大量内容变体，但人类仍然需要判断哪些值得发布，这揭示了AI在创意领域的局限性。

令人惊讶的是：风险投资被归类为有限需求且开放循环领域，这挑战了人们对VC工作性质的普遍认知。尽管AI可以分析大量数据，但投资决策仍然需要人类判断，这揭示了即使在数据驱动的行业中，人类判断力的不可替代性。

AI对艺术品的投资选择反映了它对'高质量'和'价值'的独特理解——它选择了数学和科学主题的艺术品，这可能反映了其作为AI的本质。这种选择揭示了AI可能发展出与人类不同的美学标准和价值判断。

for - from - LinkedIn post - AI LLM judgment vs human judgment - https://hyp.is/UdbScM05EfC_JWs5FhG-Mg/www.linkedin.com/posts/walterquattrociocchi_ive-never-had-two-editorials-in-top-tier-activity-7399375954743123968-Sn9Y/?rcm=ACoAACc5MHMBii80wYJJmFqll3Aw-nvAjvI52uI

for - definition - epistemia - when linguistic plausibility starts replacing verification and the form of knowledge substitutes for the labor of knowing - to - paper - The simulation of judgment in LLMs - https://hyp.is/2DatBM05EfCy-DM_S__1kg/www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2518443122

i love this

for - adjacency - self construction - judgment as simplification - imagination is hard work

adjacency - between - self construction - judgment as simplification - imagination as hard work - adjacency statement - We construct the self of others because we are lazy. - It takes hard work to construct a complex picture of another human being. - It's easier to just pass simple judgment and create a label for the other.

Zhao, W. J., Coady, A., & Bhatia, S. (2021). Computational mechanisms for context-based behavioral interventions: A large-scale analysis. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8cyad

Epstein, Z., Berinsky, A., Cole, R., Gully, A., Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. (2021). Developing an accuracy-prompt toolkit to reduce COVID-19 misinformation online. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/sjfbn

Weiss, D. J., & Shanteau, J. (2021). The futility of decision making research. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, 90, 10–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.08.018

Holford, D. L., Juanchich, M., & Sirota, M. (2021). Ambiguity and unintended inferences about risk messages for COVID - 19. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/w5rd6

Gradassi, A., Bos, W. van den, & Molleman, L. (2022). Confidence of others trumps confidence of self in social information use. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/mqyu2

Grüning, D. J., Panizza, F., & Lorenz-Spreen, P. (2022). The importance of informative interventions in a wicked environment. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/azsbn

Study: Digital literacy doesn’t stop the spread of misinformation. (n.d.). MIT Sloan. Retrieved January 12, 2022, from https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/study-digital-literacy-doesnt-stop-spread-misinformation

Adaryukov, J. A., Grunevski, S., Reed, D. D., & Pleskac, T. (2022). I’m wearing a mask, but are they?: Perceptions of Self-Other Differences in COVID-19 Health Behaviors. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6rb4t

Garrido-Vásquez, P., & Rock, T. (2021). Judgments of truth are independently modulated by affect and repetition. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qajkb

Basol, M., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (n.d.). Good News about Bad News: Gamified Inoculation Boosts Confidence and Cognitive Immunity Against Fake News. Journal of Cognition, 3(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.91

Verschuere, B., Lin, C.-C., Huismann, S., Kleinberg, B., & Meijer, E. (2021). Use the best, ignore the rest: How heuristics allow to tell a lie from the truth [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/kdr6u

Sun, Q., Lu, J., Zhang, H., & Liu, Y. (2021). Social Distance Reduces the Biases of Overweighting Small Probabilities and Underweighting Large Probabilities. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 47(8), 1309–1324. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167220969051

Holger Hestermeyer. (2021, March 2). As there’s a lot of ‘this is all EU politics’ out there on AZ drug admission: Some food for thought. I have deleted a lot of tweets on this. I will try to be brief, informative and neutral. (Thread) [Tweet]. @hhesterm. https://twitter.com/hhesterm/status/1366703497123672066

Moore, D. A., Backus, M., & Little, A. T. (2021). Constraints on Thinking Cause Overprecision [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/evcx2

Lyons, Benjamin A., Jacob M. Montgomery, Andrew M. Guess, Brendan Nyhan, and Jason Reifler. ‘Overconfidence in News Judgments Is Associated with False News Susceptibility’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 23 (8 June 2021). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2019527118.

Laukkonen, R., Kaveladze, B., Protzko, J., Tangen, J. M., von Hippel, B., & Schooler, J. (2021). The ring of truth: Irrelevant insights make worldviews seem true [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zq3vd

Quillien, Tadeg, and Michael Barlev. ‘Causal Judgment in the Wild: Evidence from the 2020 US Presidential Election’. PsyArXiv, 7 April 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7w9re.

Henderson, Robert K., and Simone Schnall. ‘Disease and Disapproval: COVID-19 Concern Is Related to Greater Moral Condemnation’. PsyArXiv, 7 December 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7szaw.

Grundmann, Felix, Kai Epstude, and Susanne Scheibe. ‘Face Masks Reduce Emotion-Recognition Accuracy and Perceived Closeness’. PsyArXiv, 9 October 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xpzs3.

Harris, A. J. L., & Hahn, U. (2011). Unrealistic optimism about future life events: A cautionary note. Psychological Review, 118(1), 135–154. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020997

Holman, E. A., Thompson, R. R., Garfin, D. R., & Silver, R. C. (2020). The unfolding COVID-19 pandemic: A probability-based, nationally representative study of mental health in the U.S. Science Advances, eabd5390. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd5390

Fazio, L. K., & Sherry, C. L. (2020). The Effect of Repetition on Truth Judgments Across Development. Psychological Science, 0956797620939534. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620939534

r/BehSciMeta - Comment by u/VictorVenema on ”Can one distinguish between argument and fact? And, if yes, how?”. (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved July 10, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciMeta/comments/ho0qr1/can_one_distinguish_between_argument_and_fact_and/fxezalm

Margoni, F., & Surian, L. (2020). Judging Accidental Harm: Due Care and Foreseeability of Side Effects [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qgxsn

Rosenfeld, D. L., & Tomiyama, A. J. (2020). Judgments of Businesspeople Who Shake Hands in the Era of COVID-19 [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/3fnrh

Li, Z., Phillips, J., & Durgin, F. H. (2011). The underestimation of egocentric distance: Evidence from frontal matching tasks. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 73(7), 2205. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-011-0170-2

Angner, E. (2020, May 11). "Terrific assessment of projections of demand for Swedish ICU beds. The first two panels are model-based projections by academics; the third is a simple extrapolation by the public-health authority; the fourth is the actual outcome /1." Twitter. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1260121561861939200

Attali, Y., Budescu, D., & Arieli-Attali, M. (2020). An item response approach to calibration of confidence judgments. Decision, 7(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000111

Erev, I., Wallsten, T. S., & Budescu, D. V. (1994). Simultaneous over- and underconfidence: The role of error in judgment processes. Psychological Review, 101(3), 519–527. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.101.3.519

Moore, D. A., & Schatz, D. (2020). Overprecision increases subsequent surprise [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wfcbv

Ball, D., Humpherson, E., Johnson, B., McDowell, M., Ng, R., Radaelli, C., Renn, O., Seedhouse, D., Spiegelhalter, D., Uhl, A., & Watt, J. (2019). Improving Society’s Management of Risks. A Statement of Principles. Collaboration to explore new avenues to improve public understanding and management of risk (CAPUR). https://publications.iass-potsdam.de/pubman/faces/ViewItemFullPage.jsp?itemId=item_5039889_3

Angner, E. (2006). Economists as experts: Overconfidence in theory and practice. Journal of Economic Methodology, 13(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501780600566271

Bostrom, A., Böhm, G., O’Connor, R. E., Hanss, D., Bodi-Fernandez, O., & Halder, P. (2020). Comparative risk science for the coronavirus pandemic. Journal of Risk Research, 0(0), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1756384

Farias, J. E. M., & Pilati, R. (2020). Violating social distancing amid COVID-19 pandemic: Psychological factors to improve compliance [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/apg9e

Vanunu, Y., Hotaling, J. M., & Newell, B. R. (2020). Elucidating the differential impact of extreme-outcomes in perceptual and preferential choice. Cognitive Psychology, 119, 101274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2020.101274

Sorrell, M. J. (2020, May 15). Colleges Are Deluding Themselves. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/05/colleges-that-reopen-are-making-a-big-mistake/611485/

Mandel, D. R., Collins, R. N., Risko, E. F., & Fugelsang, J. A. (2020). Effect of Confidence Interval Construction on Judgment Accuracy. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/mktgj

Raine, S. (2020 May 13) What is wrong with evidence-based policy making? NewStatesman. https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/health/2020/05/what-wrong-evidence-based-policy-making

Almaatouq, A., Noriega-Campero, A., Alotaibi, A., Krafft, P. M., Moussaid, M., & Pentland, A. (2020). Adaptive social networks promote the wisdom of crowds. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201917687. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917687117

Can we count on parents to help their children learn at home? (2020, May 8). Evidence for Action. https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/can-we-count-on-parents-to-help-their-children-learn-at-home/

Bruine De Bruin, W., Fischhoff, B., Brilliant, L., & Caruso, D. (2006). Expert judgments of pandemic influenza risks. Global Public Health, 1(2), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441690600673940

Droit-Volet, S., GIL, S., Martinelli, N., Andant, N., Clinchamps, M., Parreira, L., … Dutheil, F. (2020, May 1). PONE-D-20-12336. Time and Covid-19 stress in the lockdown situation: Time Free, Dying of Boredom and Sadness. Retrieved from psyarxiv.com/efdq5

Fenton, N., Hitman, G. A., Neil, M., Osman, M., & McLachlan, S. (2020). Causal explanations, error rates, and human judgment biases missing from the COVID-19 narrative and statistics [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/p39a4

Pearson, H., & Balas, B. (2020, May 5). Can naive observers detect suicidality in face images? A replication and extension of Kleiman and Rule (2013). https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/prfm3

Epstein, Z., Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. (2020). Will the Crowd Game the Algorithm? Using Layperson Judgments to Combat Misinformation on Social Media by Downranking Distrusted Sources. Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376232

Fucci, E., Baquedano, C., Abdoun, O., Deroche, J., & Lutz, A. (2020, April 21). Validation of a set of stimuli to investigate the effect of attributional processes on social motivation in within-subject experiments. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nbdj4

Ennis, E. G. (2020, April 16). A Novel Solution to Academic Publishing. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gqxmu

Rafiei, F., & Rahnev, D. (2020, April 9). Does the diffusion model account for the effects of speed-accuracy tradeoff on response times?. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/bhj85

Dhami, Mandeep & Olsson, Henrik. (2008). Evolution of the interpersonal conflict paradigm. Judgment and Decision Making. 3. 547-569. http://journal.sjdm.org/8510/jdm8510.pdf

Kraft-Todd, G., Kleiman-Weiner, M., & Young, L. (2020, March 25). Differential virtue discounting: Public generosity is seen as more selfish than public impartiality. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zqpv7

Fischhoff, B., de Bruin, W. B., Güvenç, Ü., Caruso, D., & Brilliant, L. (2006). Analyzing disaster risks and plans: An avian flu example. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 33(1–2), 131–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11166-006-0175-8

A corollary question might be, if the legal system and code of laws have gotten so highly specialized that they require specialists to navigate them, are you trusting a "human" system or a technology? (With the answer including the fact that humans being involved at all is different from a machine-implemented algorithm, even if human decisions are constrained by the legal "algorithms.")

Citation signals regarding future case judgments from citators:

• Negative Treatment
• Cautionary Treatment
• Positive Treatment
• Neutral History or Treatment
• Citator Information

Extreme brevity leads to ambiguity. The summary of the issue should be written to avoid opening the question to interpretation as a moral or judgment issue; instead focus on the legal question.

I agree