This is basically critical thinking. Which is also my goal for (optimal) education: To build a society of people who think for themselves, critical thinkers; those who do not take everything for granted. The skeptics.

See also Nassim Nicolas Taleb's advice to focus on what you DON'T know rather than what you DO know.

Related to syntopical reading/learning as well. (and Charlie Munger's advice). You want to build a complete picture with a broad understanding and nuanced before formulating an opinion.

Remove bias from your judgement (especially when it comes to people or civilizations) and instead base it on logic and deep understanding.

This also relates to (national, but even local) media... How do you know that what the media portrays about something or someone is correct? Don't take it for granted, especially if it is important, and do your own research. Validity of source is important; media is often opinionized and can contain a lot of misinformation.

See also Simone Weil's thoughts on media, especially where she says misinformation spread must be stopped. It is a vital need for the soul to be presented with (factual) truth.

Garrido-Vásquez, P., & Rock, T. (2021). Judgments of truth are independently modulated by affect and repetition. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qajkb

Brashier, N. M., & Rand, D. G. (2021). Illusory Truth Occurs Even with Incentives for Accuracy [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/83m9y

Skylark, W. J. (2021). When is there a more-credible effect? [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7mysg

Effron, D. A., & Raj, M. (2020). Misinformation and Morality: Encountering Fake-News Headlines Makes Them Seem Less Unethical to Publish and Share. Psychological Science, 31(1), 75–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619887896

Mattavelli, S., Corneille, O., & Unkelbach, C. (2021). Truth by Repetition … without repetition: Testing the effect of instructed repetition on truth judgments. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ux3fc

Lacassagne, D., Béna, J., & Corneille, O. (2021). Is Earth a Perfect Square? Repetition Increases the Perceived Truth of Highly Implausible Statements. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/fce8z

Henderson, E. L., Simons, D. J., & Barr, D. J. (2021). The Trajectory of Truth: A Longitudinal Study of the Illusory Truth Effect. Journal of Cognition, 4(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.161

Fazio, L. K., & Sherry, C. L. (2020). The Effect of Repetition on Truth Judgments Across Development. Psychological Science, 0956797620939534. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620939534

Schnuerch, M., Nadarevic, L., & Rouder, J. (2020). The truth revisited: Bayesian analysis of individual differences in the truth effect [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nfm6k

Carroll, P. (2020, August 20). The Cognitive Biases Behind Society’s Response to COVID-19 | Patrick Carroll. https://fee.org/articles/the-cognitive-biases-behind-societys-response-to-covid-19/