Preparing the learner for collaboration through instruction and development of the social and group skills necessary to work effectively in a group will have a positive effect upon the collaborative experience (Chapman & van Auken, 2001; Tideswell, 2004).

Students who are assigned a group project without an adequate level of readiness and/or guidance may be set up for failure. An interesting factor discussed by Sanders (2008) is that students are often ill-equipped through their previous educational experiences to collaborate (in general) or peer-review and often see colleagues as rivals.

Karan, A. (2022). We cannot afford to repeat these four pandemic mistakes. BMJ, 376, o631. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.o631

World Health Organization (WHO) on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 13 February 2022, from https://twitter.com/WHO/status/1485554889900142599

Larson, H. J., Hartigan-Go, K., & de Figueiredo, A. (2018). Vaccine confidence plummets in the Philippines following dengue vaccine scare: Why it matters to pandemic preparedness. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 15(3), 625–627. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1522468

Merchant, R. M., & Lurie, N. (2020). Social Media and Emergency Preparedness in Response to Novel Coronavirus. JAMA, 323(20), 2011–2012. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4469

Aleta, A., Blas-Laína, J. L., Anglés, G. T., & Moreno, Y. (2021). Unraveling the COVID-19 hospitalization dynamics in Spain using publicly available data (p. 2021.09.03.21263086). https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.21263086v1

Wanted: Rules for pandemic data access that everyone can trust. (2021). Nature, 594(7861), 8–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01460-7

Roy, A. (2021, April 29). ‘We are witnessing a crime against humanity’: Arundhati Roy on India’s Covid catastrophe. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/apr/28/crime-against-humanity-arundhati-roy-india-covid-catastrophe

Haug, N., Geyrhofer, L., Londei, A., Dervic, E., Desvars-Larrive, A., Loreto, V., Pinior, B., Thurner, S., & Klimek, P. (2020). Ranking the effectiveness of worldwide COVID-19 government interventions. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(12), 1303–1312. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-01009-0

Interim recommendations for use of the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1-S (recombinant)) vaccine against COVID-19 developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca. (n.d.). Retrieved 16 February 2021, from https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO-2019-nCoV-vaccines-SAGE_recommendation-AZD1222-2021.1

Baum, F., Freeman, T., Musolino, C., Abramovitz, M., Ceukelaire, W. D., Flavel, J., Friel, S., Giugliani, C., Howden-Chapman, P., Huong, N. T., London, L., McKee, M., Popay, J., Serag, H., & Villar, E. (2021). Explaining covid-19 performance: What factors might predict national responses? BMJ, 372, n91. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n91

Sir Anthony Seldon on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved September 2, 2020, from https://twitter.com/AnthonySeldon/status/1300355492783554561

Chaudhry, R., Dranitsaris, G., Mubashir, T., Bartoszko, J., & Riazi, S. (2020). A country level analysis measuring the impact of government actions, country preparedness and socioeconomic factors on COVID-19 mortality and related health outcomes. EClinicalMedicine, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100464

Corbett, K. S., Edwards, D. K., Leist, S. R., Abiona, O. M., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Gillespie, R. A., Himansu, S., Schäfer, A., Ziwawo, C. T., DiPiazza, A. T., Dinnon, K. H., Elbashir, S. M., Shaw, C. A., Woods, A., Fritch, E. J., Martinez, D. R., Bock, K. W., Minai, M., Nagata, B. M., … Graham, B. S. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness. Nature, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2622-0

Rose. (n.d.). The Very Big Sick. Flash Forward. Retrieved August 26, 2020, from https://www.flashforwardpod.com/2018/07/03/the-big-death/

C. L., & Print. (2020, August 14). Op-Ed: We rely on science. Why is it letting us down when we need it most? Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2020-08-14/replication-crisis-science-cancer-memory-rewriting

The COVID-19 Conundrum in the Developing World: Protecting Lives or Protecting Jobs?. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 8, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13136/

UCL-Lancet Lecture 2020: Global Health Preparedness in the Face of Emerging Epidemics. (2020, July 13). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqE48fmyRkw&feature=youtu.be

Méndez, P. F. (2020). Blue uncertainty: Warding off systemic risks in the Anthropocene – Lessons from COVID-19 [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/z2br5

Corbett, K. S., Edwards, D., Leist, S. R., Abiona, O. M., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Gillespie, R. A., Himansu, S., Schäfer, A., Ziwawo, C. T., DiPiazza, A. T., Dinnon, K. H., Elbashir, S. M., Shaw, C. A., Woods, A., Fritch, E. J., Martinez, D. R., Bock, K. W., Minai, M., Nagata, B. M., … Graham, B. S. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Development Enabled by Prototype Pathogen Preparedness. BioRxiv, 2020.06.11.145920. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.145920

Berwick, D. M. (2020). Choices for the “New Normal.” JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6949

Tian, H., & Bjornstad, O. N. (2020). Population serology for SARS-CoV-2 is essential to regional and global preparedness. The Lancet Microbe, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30055-0

Martin, C. C. (2020, May 20). HEXACO Traits, Big Five Traits, and COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/c9gxe

Chakravorti, B. (2020 May 06). Exit from coronavirus lockdowns – lessons from 6 countries. The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/exit-from-coronavirus-lockdowns-lessons-from-6-countries-136223

Bruine De Bruin, W., Fischhoff, B., Brilliant, L., & Caruso, D. (2006). Expert judgments of pandemic influenza risks. Global Public Health, 1(2), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441690600673940

Leitner, S. (2020, April 18). On the dynamics emerging from pandemics and infodemics. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nqru6

Daniels, N. (n.d.). Justice, Resource Allocation, and Emergency Preparedness: Issues Regarding Stockpiling. In Emergency Ethics. Oxford University Press. Retrieved April 9, 2020, from https://oxfordmedicine.com/view/10.1093/med/9780190270742.001.0001/med-9780190270742-chapter-3

Dureab, F., Al-Awlaqi, S., & Jahn, A. (2020). COVID-19 in Yemen: Preparedness measures in a fragile state. The Lancet Public Health, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30101-8

Societal Responses to and Preparedness for Emerging Viral Infections – 2020. (n.d.). Novo Nordisk Fonden. Retrieved April 16, 2020, from https://novonordiskfonden.dk/da/grants/societal-responses-to-and-preparedness-for-emerging-viral-infections-2020/