later sold to out-of-state investors who rented them to anyone, including those involved in the production of methamphetamine. The neighborhood became contaminated with folk-meth production, and the city was dubbed the meth capital of Indiana.

"opioid savings cards" to encourage patients to stay on the drug longer, which led to increased sales and profits. Purdue's sales reps were rewarded with bonuses for generating more prescriptions, and the company's executives had no incentive to question excessive sales.

Jin's operation was based in China, and he used encrypted communications and cryptocurrencies to conduct his business. The investigation involved a team of agents from various federal agencies, including the DEA, FBI, and IRS, who worked together to gather evidence and track down Jin's associates in the US. One of these associates, Bin Wang, was arrested in 2017 and later sentenced to six years in prison. The team discovered that Jin was using a company in Tonga to ship his packages, and that he was offering a wide range of synthetic opioids, including carfentanil and U-48800. As the investigation continued, the team found that Jin's operation was linked to numerous death cases across the US, and that he was using his websites to sell drugs to customers in the US. The team eventually identified Jin as Fujing Zheng, a 35-year-old man from Shanghai, and his father, Guanghua Zheng, who was 62. The Zhengs were found to be operating a sophisticated online drug trafficking operation, using encrypted communications and cryptocurrencies to conduct their business. Despite the evidence gathered, the Chinese government refused to extradite the Zhengs to the US, citing a lack of evidence. The US government eventually indicted the Zhengs and shut down their websites, but they remain at large in China. The investigation highlighted the challenges of combating online drug trafficking, particularly when it involves foreign nationals and jurisdictions.

Leroy Steele, a local drug dealer, who had been purchasing fentanyl from a Chinese chemical company using the alias Gordon Jin. Detectives found emails and phone records showing Steele's communication with Jin, who was advertising fentanyl and other illegal drugs on the open internet. The detectives ordered fentanyl from Jin as part of their investigation, which was delivered to them in the mail.

Bryan Stalnaker, had worked for Steele and Robinson, performing odd jobs in exchange for dope and serving as a "tester" for new batches of fentanyl.

Steele's involvement in the drug trade, including protein powder, baby formula, and powdered sugar used to mix with fentanyl, as well as a tub containing Magic Bullet blenders used to mix the drug.

Magic Bullet was often found alongside other blenders and coffee grinders. The ease of access to the Magic Bullet, which was widely available at stores like Target and Walmart for $29.95, made it an attractive tool for amateur mixers.

amateur mixing of fentanyl, often using household blenders like the Magic Bullet, was leading to inconsistent and often deadly doses, highlighting the "failure of content uniformity" on a national scale.

n 2006, a fentanyl outbreak in the US was linked to a Mexican company called Distribuidora Talios, which was raided and shut down, ending the outbreak. The mastermind behind the operation, Ricardo Valdez-Torres, also known as El Cerebro, was arrested and revealed to have a background in business and a history of cooking fentanyl.

Valdez-Torres began producing fentanyl instead, creating a batch of ten kilos. He warned the cartel that the fentanyl needed to be diluted 50:1 to avoid killing users, but this warning was not heeded by street dealers. The fentanyl was sold as heroin, leading to many overdoses and deaths. The case was investigated by Ryan Rapaszky, who later saw the connection between this incident and the rising opioid epidemic in the US.

unknown author named Siegfried, which describes a method for making fentanyl. This method, known as the Siegfried method, was later used by underground chemists to produce the drug. Fentanyl had benefits in medicine, but it also had a darker side, as it could be produced in a laboratory and replaced heroin, generating significant profits with minimal risk. The story then shifts to Dr. Michael Rhodes, a pain doctor in Tennessee, who was prescribing large amounts of OxyContin, a narcotic painkiller made by Purdue Pharma.

Janssen's work on fentanyl and its analogues has had a significant impact on the medical field, but also raises concerns about the potential for abuse and addiction.

Janssen's most notable invention was fentanyl, a powerful painkiller that changed surgical anesthesia. He also synthesized fentanyl analogues, which were molecularly similar to fentanyl but tweaked to be considered separate drugs.

As a result, meth lab seizures decreased, and the cooks and workers from Apatzingán returned to Mexico. The Mexican traffickers then shifted their focus to producing meth in Mexico, taking advantage of the country's access to world chemical markets and compromised authorities. This led to the creation of the modern Mexican meth trade, with traffickers controlling production from raw materials to finished product.

mporting ephedrine from Mexico, setting up labs in California and teaching others how to cook meth.

Methamphetamine was initially produced by biker gangs in the US, but a new recipe using ephedrine was rediscovered in the 1980s. This method was easier and allowed for mass production, democratizing methamphetamine. Donald Stenger, a middle-class, organized individual, played a significant role in popularizing this method. He was eventually caught and died in 1988, but his innovation led to San Diego becoming a major meth production hub.

Mexico's first traffickers were peasant farmers who grew drugs to make a living, but they eventually abandoned their traditional crops to focus on drug trafficking.

realized that this was why overdoses were exploding in Chicago and other cities.

The traffickers invested in the lab, but when they realized the profit potential of fentanyl, they killed Montoya, seized the lab, and took control. This marked a shift in drug trafficking, with the Sinaloa cartel discovering fentanyl and wanting more of it. The lab had enough ingredients to produce sixty kilos of fentanyl, which could lead to millions of street doses.

The project, known as "the Project," is led by a chemist known as "the Brain," who is producing fentanyl, a painkiller that is far more powerful than morphine. The fentanyl is being manufactured in a lab in Mexico and is being sold on the streets of Chicago, leading to a rash of overdoses and deaths. Rapaszky's investigation leads him to uncover the truth about the Project and the Sinaloan traffickers' involvement in the fentanyl trade.

Mark Lewis

Private militias have provided criminal groups with greater mobility and fighting power, enabling them to engage in large-scale violence and seek control of criminal markets and territories beyond their home towns. The Mexican case highlights the need for democratic elites to reform authoritarian judicial and security institutions and to punish state agents who protected organized crime, in order to prevent the intertwining of democratic politics and the criminal underworld.

The spread of subnational party alternation in states with drug trafficking routes and the proliferation of private militias led to the outbreak of intercartel wars. The development of private militias allowed cartels to contest their rivals' control over drug trafficking territories, leading to largescale criminal violence.

political alternation and the rotation of parties in state gubernatorial power undermined the informal networks of protection that had facilitated the cartels' operations under one-party rule. Without protection, cartels created their own private militias to defend themselves from rival groups and incoming opposition authorities.

The power dynamics shifted when the Colombians began paying Mexican traffickers in product rather than cash, allowing the Mexicans to invest in their own drugs. This led to Mexican gangs controlling 90% of the cocaine entering the United States, worth an estimated $70 billion a year.

The Zetas' business model was based on imposing protection fees on businesses, including illegal activities such as drug trafficking, and licit businesses such as farming and shopkeeping. Those who refused to pay were killed or threatened with violence. This led to a culture of fear and intimidation, where businesses were forced to pay protection fees to avoid violence. The violence in Mexico was further fueled by the struggle between powerful groups for control of drug protection rackets and the pursuit of aggressive counternarcotics policing. This led to a cycle of violence, where struggles between rival groups sparked aggressive policing, and aggressive policing generated increasing struggles between rival groups.

The sale of drugs was no longer limited to tourist areas and border cities, but spread to small towns and rural areas. This led to an increase in violence as local drug gangs fought over control of drug-selling areas.

In Mexico, drug traffickers began selling drugs in bulk to the domestic market, leading to an increase in drug use and addiction.

The violence in Mexico escalated due to several factors, including changes in American narcotics demands, the gun market, and criminal practices in Mexico. The availability of guns increased after the ban on semiautomatic assault weapons was lifted in 2004, leading to a global boom in gun manufacture and sales.

New organizations emerged, armed with high-caliber weapons and prepacked political creeds and religious messages. The Familia Michoacana, a Sinaloa-linked group, tossed the heads of five Zetas into a Michoacán bar, declaring that they did not kill for money, but for divine justice. The conflict continued to spread throughout Mexico, with cartels fighting each other, and soldiers and police often caught in the middle.

extort small-time smugglers, torturing and killing those who refused to pay.

In the mid-1990s, the Gulf Cartel recruited members of the Mexican army special forces, known as the Zetas, leading to an increase in violence connected to the drug trade.

He argued that the criminalization of marijuana use taught people disrespect for the law and the courts.

Many committed residents of districts like Haight-Ashbury, Chicago's Old Town, and Manhattan's Lower East Side helped keep the experiment up and running by selling illegal drugs, which gave them the economic means to pursue their new way of life.

he Diggers, a group of "Life-Actors," used LSD as a tool to "deschool" themselves and challenge traditional norms. They organized events like free food giveaways and used spectacle and pageantry to create a sense of community and possibility.

Stephen Gaskin, LSD was a way to experience a lived sense of collective harmony, where individuals could transcend their individuality and become one with the universe. Others, like Allen Cohen, saw LSD as a "rocket engine" that could speed up social and creative change by opening up new pathways to mystical and creative insights.

hey believed that LSD could be a tool for creating a communal youth consciousness and achieving a group identity. For some, dropping acid pointed them toward political struggle and social change.

The use of LSD, in particular, was a "resource" that enabled people to reinterpret and mobilize cultural schemata in new ways.

between Leary's promotion of LSD and his criminal behavior forged a strong illustrative bond between the two activities.

I want you to tell me about the research you were conducting how it eventually was ordered to be destroyed and what you found throughout that research

Bruce Alexander

we can see more specific changes in the brain through training the Mind than through any drug that you can take more specific changes uh when you take a medication like an an SSRI an anti-depressant or an anti psychotic it's like blasting the brain uh in in its entire uh and so it's a very general effect we can see a much more specific effect with mind training

United States, amphetamine consumption took off, with pharmaceutical companies manufacturing 3.5 billion tablets annually by the late 1950s.

e US military continued to use amphetamines heavily, with the drug becoming standard issue during the Korean War.

Germany did not experience the same post-war surge in stimulant use due to the dismantling of domestic production and tighter controls on Pervitin during the war.

Pharmaceutical companies sold the drug, marketed as "wake-a-mine," to the public, leading to widespread use and addiction.

The use of stimulants during World War II led to addiction problems among soldiers on all sides. In Japan, the problem was particularly severe, and the country experienced its first drug epidemic. Many soldiers and factory workers who had become hooked on the drug during the war continued to consume it into the postwar years.

he Japanese imperial government also used methamphetamine to enhance the performance of its soldiers and pilots. The drug, known as Philopon, was distributed to pilots for long flights and to soldiers for combat.

he British distributed 72 million standard-dose amphetamine tablets during the war, and the Americans used Benzedrine, a type of amphetamine, to help pilots stay awake during long flights.

Even then, the drug continued to be dispensed on both the western and eastern fronts, with 10 million methamphetamine tablets sent to the eastern front in the first half of 1942 alone.

use of Pervitin was instrumental in the success of the Blitzkrieg, allowing German troops to push ahead rapidly and catch their enemies off guard

drug was often dispensed in the form of chocolate bars, known as Fliegerschokolade (flyer's chocolate) and Panzerschokolade (tanker's chocolate), and was taken by a large proportion of officers

media portrayed Chinese and Korean individuals as suppliers of the drug, allowing the Japanese to cast themselves as victims of "pollution" by those they had wronged. This depiction implicitly absolved guilt for imperial opium operations on the Asian mainland. By 1954, 58.1% of suspects arrested for violating the Ban on Stimulant Drugs showed signs of hiropon addiction, and an estimated 1.5 million Japanese were stimulants users.

and its production and consumption remained legal until the late 1940s.

ver, Japan's defeat in 1945 led to the dismantling of its empire and the end of its drug economy.

After Japan's defeat in World War II, the country experienced a methamphetamine epidemic, which was eventually resolved through public campaigns against stimulant drugs.

Clash of the Cartels: Unmasking the global drug kingpins stalking South Africa.

illegal labs have used historical pharmacology research to formulate analogs of nitazenes as street drugs.

the whole world is affected by it opium ferret from Afghan Fields produces nearly all of the heroines sold in Europe how will prices be impacted

I asked him why he defied the ban if you don't have enough food in your 00:02:22 house and your children are going hungry what else will you do if we grew wheat instead we won't earn enough to survive

1-(3-tert-butyl-1-(quinolin-6-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-3-(2-fluoro-4-(2-(methylcarbamoyl)pyridine-4-yloxy)phenyl)urea

Nicola grateri has spent his career fighting the country's most powerful Mafia the indrangata

How Long Does Cocaine Stay in Urine?Addiction, Alcoholism, Blog, News<img width="845" height="321" src="https://journeyhillside.com/wp-content/uploads/How-long-does-cocaine-stay-in-the-urine-845x321.jpg" class="attachment-entry_with_sidebar size-entry_with_sidebar wp-post-image" alt="How long does cocaine stay in the urine" /> Table of Contents Facts About CocaineHow Long Does Cocaine Stay in Urine?Dangers of Cocaine UseSigns of Cocaine AddictionHelp for Cocaine AddictionReceive Help at a Private Rehab. We Provide Comprehensive Treatment for Cocaine Addiction. You may have an upcoming drug test and are wondering, “How long does cocaine stay in the urine?” Drug testing is a common occurrence in recent years. Schools, employers, the military, and law enforcement use drug testing on a regular basis. One substance that is included in the list of substances being tested for is cocaine. Cocaine stays in the system for 3-14 days depending on various factors. It can be detected using different types of drug screens, which include urine, blood, or hair tests. Keep reading to learn more about how long cocaine stays in the urine. Facts About Cocaine Cocaine is a white powdery substance derived from coca plants in South America. The stimulant effects of cocaine speed up the central nervous system, resulting in a short-lived but powerful euphoric high. Cocaine is listed as a Schedule II controlled substance with a high potential for abuse and addiction. The highly addictive drug is ingested in white powder form, either by snorting it through the nose or rubbing it on the gums. Some will dilute the powder in water and then inject it into a vein. Others may smoke a rock crystal form of cocaine, called crack, and inhale the drug into the lungs. The effects of cocaine include intense euphoria, increased energy, sharper mental focus, and a sense of feeling invincible. Cocaine’s desirable effects do not last long. Therefore, there is a strong desire to use the drug again and again as soon as the effects wear off. With repeated use, cocaine addiction takes root. If you are worried that you are going to test positive for an upcoming drug test, please call our Team at Journey Hillside so we can help guide you to the steps to take to protect yourself from serious consequences whether from legal, job, or personal reasons. We specialize in helping people overcome these types of concerns. Call Our Confidential Helpline at 877-414-1024 or fill out our contact form and we will call you back immediately. <img class="aligncenter wp-image-5208 size-featured" src="https://journeyhillside.com/wp-content/uploads/how-long-does-coke-stay-in-your-system-1030x430.jpg" alt="how long does coke stay in your system" width="1030" height="430" /> How Long Does Cocaine Stay in Urine? To answer, “How long does cocaine stay in urine,” it helps to understand how cocaine is metabolized in the body. The drug itself is only detected in the urine for a short time, maybe up to three days. However, the liver breaks down the cocaine and releases metabolites. The main one is called benzoylecgonine. Drug tests are designed to detect this metabolite, which can remain in the body for much longer. A level of 300 micrograms per liter of this metabolite will trigger a positive test result. When screening for cocaine in urine the results can vary widely. How long the drug or its metabolites are present depends on these factors: Duration of a cocaine habit. Long-term use takes longer to clear. Mode of ingesting the drug: did the person snort, inject, or smoke the cocaine? Is there also alcohol in the system? The person’s BMI, as metabolites can be stored in fat cells. In general: One time user, 3-5 days; heavy cocaine dose, up to seven days; chronic user, 5-14 days. If you are concerned about how long cocaine remains in the urine, it may be a sign of addiction. Being aware of the risks linked to cocaine abuse can help you nip a substance problem in the bud. Dangers of Cocaine Use If you are using cocaine recreationally or even on a daily basis, the consequences can start taking a serious toll on your personal life, physically, socially, and mentally. Physically and medically, there are some serious adverse effects caused by long-term cocaine use. Cocaine can damage the heart muscle as well as cause inflammation of the inner heart tissues. These effects can result in heart attacks or cardiac arrhythmia. Damage to the cartilage inside the nose can become very severe. Cocaine can cause inflammation in the lining of the nose. Eventually, the blood supply to nasal tissues is blocked, leading to the loss of bone. Total reconstruction may be required to restore the structure of the nose. Receive Guidance, Call Now (877) 414-1024 Something referred to as “coke mouth” is also an effect of long-term cocaine use. This is a type of dry mouth that is caused by reduced saliva production. With less saliva, the gums and teeth are not protected. This leads to tooth decay and gum disease. Other long-term adverse effects caused by cocaine abuse include: Kidney damage. Enlarged heart. Vascular damage. Insomnia Anxiety Depression Financial ruin. Signs of Cocaine Addiction As with all substances, tolerance will increase with repeated cocaine use. Once the cycle of addiction takes hold, it is very hard to break. People find themselves enslaved to the cocaine, which leads to serious consequences affecting mental health, physical health, finances, and relationships. Symptoms of cocaine addiction include: Manic mood. Weight loss. Sores around the mouth. Long periods without sleep. Nosebleeds Hyperactivity Muscle tics. Agitation High-risk behaviors. Drug cravings. Become obsessed about obtaining the cocaine and getting high. Major money problems. Having withdrawal symptoms when the drug is not available. Help for Cocaine Addiction Cocaine addiction is very hard to overcome without expert treatment. Getting the support and guidance needed to beat a coke addiction is crucial. You can expect treatment to include the following: Detox and withdrawal. During detox, you will be given the support you need to endure the process. Withdrawal symptoms can be difficult, and include: Extreme fatigue Chills Headaches. Muscle aches. Slowed thinking. Feeling agitated. Sleep problems Intense nightmares. Feeling restless. Increased appetite. Depression Hallucinations. Paranoid thoughts. Suicidal thoughts. Therapy. Individual and group therapy are the core treatment elements of addiction treatment. For cocaine addiction, these forms of therapy work best: Contingency Management. CM works through the use of a reward system. You earn rewards, like points, gifts, privileges, or vouchers, in exchange for abstinence from cocaine. This helps shape your behavior choices while you are learning to live without the drug. CBT. CBT teaches you better ways to respond to cocaine cravings or other triggers. Through the help of a CBT therapist, you address the disordered thought patterns that led to drug use. Holistic methods. Learn how to improve the overall health of mind, body, and spirit. You’ll be counseled in eating a healthy diet, getting exercise, and learning how to manage stress. 12-step program. The themes of N.A. or A.A. are helpful for progressing in recovery. Classes. Learn how to prevent relapse when you acquire new coping skills that help protect the recovery. It is one thing to learn the answer to “how long does cocaine stay in the urine” It is quite another to be able to recognize that you may have a cocaine problem. If you need help breaking free of cocaine, reach out for help now. Receive Help at a Private Rehab. We Provide Comprehensive Treatment for Cocaine Addiction. Journey Hillside is a private addiction recovery center that uses the most effective treatment available for substance use disorder. If you have been using cocaine and wonder how long cocaine stays in urine, you may be headed toward addiction. Reach out to us for help today at (877) 414-1024.

And that's the day I got caught up with the blunt in my ear and the security caught me. From there on, I had to go to court fighting the cases and then basically I just like—

When you smoke, it makes you feel like nothing is important. All your problems go away basically. And it was just like a coping mechanism to just go on every day with my life. I felt like if I didn't have that, there was no point. My life was whack.... There was one point in time that I had to smoke before I do something fun.

I don't like to be high because I used to fight a lot. I would always see that when I would smoke, I would always get beat up. This is an everyday thing fighting, because you have to. You are in the wrong hood, you're wearing the wrong color, you're going to get beat up.

It was a hotel casino. And the security stopped me and they told me, “What was that?” And since it was marijuana was illegal they told me I had to go to jail. So I went to jail. I stayed a day—

Specifically, social workers assist families by making referrals for alcohol and drug assessments, inpatient and outpatient treatment programs, family therapy, and support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous