86 Matching Annotations
  1. Feb 2024
    1. Among the cognoscenti of nanotechnology, this threat has becomeknown as the “gray goo problem.” Though masses of uncon-trolled replicators need not be gray or gooey, the term “gray goo”emphasizes that replicators able to obliterate life might be less in-spiring than a single species of crabgrass. They might be superiorin an evolutionary sense, but this need not make them valuable.

      quote in Bill Joy originally from the book Engines of Creation.

  2. Jan 2024
    1. Uncontrolledself-replication in these newer technologies runs a much greater risk: arisk of substantial damage in the physical world.

      As a case in point, the self-replication of misinformation on social media networks has become a substantial physical risk in the early 21st century causing not only swings in elections, but riots, take overs, swings in the stock market (GameStop short squeeze January 2021), and mob killings. It is incredibly difficult to create risk assessments for these sorts of future harms.

      In biology, we see major damage to a wide variety of species as the result of uncontrolled self-replication. We call it cancer.

      We also see programmed processes in biological settings including apoptosis and necrosis as means of avoiding major harms. What might these look like with respect to artificial intelligence?

  3. Aug 2023
    1. Partition Leader Balancing

      balance the load on leader preferred replica - first replica of each partition preferred replica is evenly distributed among brokers tries to make the preferred replica as the leader and hence balancing the load

    2. Replication

      followers that lag behind replica lag time max ms is removed from the ISR

    3. Kafka

      follower failure is handled by removing the lagging or failed followers from the ISR and considering only the rest and moves the high watermark

    4. Protocol

      a log is committed when all replicas are in sync - ISR - then we move watermark

    5. Replication

      leaders&followers leader commits log with an epoch(indicates generation of lifetime of a log) follower fetch with offset no to sync with leader leader reponds with new record logs with epoch in the next fetch request, leader moves high watermark based on offset in request (n-1) in that response it passes the high watermark to the follower

  4. Mar 2023
  5. Nov 2022
    1. Can broadly split the process into three parts. Initiation, elongation and termination

    2. DNAPolymerase A

      Primase and DNA polymerase A work in close association.

    3. CDK2

      This is the S-phase CDK.

    4. Assembly of the pre-replicative complex
      • Replication origin licensing.
      • All of this occurs in G1 phase
    5. Orc complex

      Orc1-5 complex.

    6. Cdc6

      Cdc6 is only present in G1 phase.

    7. DNA replication pathway in humans. Orc complex binds the origin of replication.

    1. The initial sample consisted of 1 band. F = 0. 1st generation = The sample overall less dense, still one band. Intermediate density. dsDNA made of one strand heavy and one light. After 2 generations, there was a band for intermediate density and for strands of just light, N-14, dsDNA.

    2. Three methods of replication were initially hypothesized: * Conservative * Semi-conservative * Dispersive

      Semi-conservative method was eventually determined to be correct based on empirical evidence from Messelson & Stahl, in 1958.

    3. Parental strands consist of N-15 isotopes. Replicated daughter strands consist of N-14 isotopes. The CsCl ultracentrifugation process creates density gradient. This allows DNA fragments of different densities to migrate and form a band at the point at which their buoyant density equals that of the salt.

      1. E.coli grown in an heavy nitrogen, N-15, enriched medium
      2. Then transferred to N-14 based media to reproduce
      3. As several points in the experiment, cells were lysed and underwent ultracentrifugation through a CsCl concentration gradient
  6. Aug 2022
    1. Meng, B., Abdullahi, A., Ferreira, I. A. T. M., Goonawardane, N., Saito, A., Kimura, I., Yamasoba, D., Gerber, P. P., Fatihi, S., Rathore, S., Zepeda, S. K., Papa, G., Kemp, S. A., Ikeda, T., Toyoda, M., Tan, T. S., Kuramochi, J., Mitsunaga, S., Ueno, T., … Gupta, R. K. (2022). Altered TMPRSS2 usage by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron impacts tropism and fusogenicity. Nature, 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04474-x

  7. Dec 2021
  8. Oct 2021
  9. Jul 2021
    1. Short interview that covers the findings of a systematic review that aimed to identify the number of studies trying to replicate the outcomes of clinical decision support systems.

      Article being discussed in this piece: Coiera, E., & Tong, H. L. (2021). Replication studies in the clinical decision support literature-frequency, fidelity, and impact. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA, ocab049. https://doi.org/10/gmb35n

  10. Jun 2021
  11. May 2021
    1. Braud, M., Gaboriaud, A., Ferry, T., Mardi, W. E., Silva, L. D., Lemouzy, M., Guttierrez, J., Petit, S., Szabelska, A., & IJzerman, H. (2021). COVID-19-related conspiracy beliefs and their relationship with perceived stress and pre-existing conspiracy beliefs in a Prolific Academic sample: A replication and extension of Georgiou et al. (2020). PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/t62s7

  12. Apr 2021
  13. Mar 2021
  14. Feb 2021
  15. Dec 2020
    1. All replication in R6K relies on the two essential components of a minimal replicon, the γ ori, and its cognate Rep, π protein, encoded by the pir gene
    1. Corker, K. S., Arnal, J., Bonfiglio, D. B. V., Curran, P. G., Chartier, C. R., Chopik, W. J., Guadagno, R., Kimbrough, A., Schmidt, K., & Wiggins, B. J. (2020). Many Labs 5: Registered Replication of Albarracín et al. (2008), Experiment 7. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qzspr

  16. Nov 2020
    1. Replication begins

      Rolling circle replication overview

      Replication begins when the Rep protein, which is encoded on the plasmid (ORF A), recognizes a specific site on the plasmid (double-strand origin, or DSO) and catalyzes the nicking of one DNA strand. The Rep protein remains bound to the 5′ phosphate after the nicking action. The newly released 3′ hydroxyl on the opposite end serves as a primer for DNA synthesis. The host DNA polymerase uses the unnicked circular strand as a template, so that a single replication fork moves around a plasmid until it regenerates the DSO. A second copy of Rep protein catalyzes the cleavage of the newly formed DSO, effectively releasing a single stranded copy of the plasmid. In the absence of Rep, the replication fork continues to move around the template, forming a single stranded concatemer. The single strand origin (SSO), a non-coding element that forms extensive secondary structure, is required for synthesis of the lagging strand. SSO sequences vary considerably among different RCR plasmids, but are extremely important for robust replication of the plasmid in the cell [10]. Here we describe the engineering of the pWV01 RCR origin to create pBAV1K-T5, a very broad-host range expression vector.

  17. Oct 2020
  18. Sep 2020
  19. Aug 2020
    1. Luban, J., Sattler, R., Mühlberger, E., Graci, J. D., Cao, L., Weetall, M., Trotta, C., Colacino, J. M., Bavari, S., Strambio-De-Castillia, C., Suder, E. L., Wang, Y., Soloveva, V., Cintron-Lue, K., Naryshkin, N. A., Pykett, M., Welch, E. M., O’Keefe, K., Kong, R., … Peltz, S. (2020). The DHODH Inhibitor PTC299 Arrests SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Suppresses Induction of Inflammatory Cytokines. BioRxiv, 2020.08.05.238394. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.05.238394

  20. Jul 2020
    1. Listens to changes in a PostgreSQL Database and broadcasts them over WebSocket. It works like this:the Phoenix server listens to PostgreSQL's replication functionality (using Postgres' logical decoding).it converts the byte stream into JSON.it then broadcasts over WebSocket.
  21. Jun 2020
  22. May 2020
  23. Apr 2020
  24. Feb 2020
    1. 0.506 (0.532)

      can we find any measures of dispersion here?

    2. For the 12 studies with an original p < 0.005, 10 (83%) replicated. For the 12 studies with an original p > 0.005, only 1 (8%) replicated. Further work is needed to test if prediction markets outperform predictions based only on the initial p-value, to test if the market also aggregates other information important for reproducibility.

      p values may capture all the information?

  25. Dec 2019
    1. "The replication crisis, if nothing else, has shown that productivity is not intrinsically valuable. Much of what psychology has produced has been shown, empirically, to be a waste of time, effort, and money. As Gibson put it: our gains are puny, our science ill-founded. As a subject, it is hard to see what it has to lose from a period of theoretical confrontation. The ultimate response to the replication crisis will determine whether this bout is postponed or not."

  26. Jul 2019
  27. Jun 2016
    1. etter writing continued as a medium for theinformal exchange of information and for requesting fellowscientists to replicate experiments (Manten, 1980, p. 8).

      replication happened outside of journals, via letter writing

  28. Mar 2016
    1. Schmidt, S. (2009). Shall we really do it again? The powerful concept of replication is neglected in thesocial sciences.Review of General Psychology, 13(2), 90–100.
    2. Evanschitzky, H., Baumgarth, C., Hubbard, R., & Armstrong, J. S. (2007). Replication research’s disturbingtrend.Journal of Business Research, 60(4), 411–415. doi

      replication research

  29. Jan 2015
    1. Teachers can save digital content to the built-in storage and up to 50 students at a time can connect to the Access Point to download or access documents, videos, or other files on their own devices even if there’s no internet signal.

      CouchDB replication anyone?

  30. Oct 2013