we introduce a framework for studying interactive agentic coding based on a privacy-preserving analysis of ~400,000 Claude Code sessions from between October 2025 and April 2026.
这个数据点表示研究基于约40万个Claude Code会话，时间跨度为7个月(2025年10月至2026年4月)。这是一个相当大的样本量，增强了研究结果的统计可靠性。然而，文章未明确说明这些会话是如何被筛选或分类的，以及是否代表了所有Claude Code用户群体的完整情况。40万个会话对应约23.5万用户，平均每位用户约1.7个会话，这可能表明用户参与度相对有限。
we introduce a framework for studying interactive agentic coding based on a privacy-preserving analysis of ~400,000 Claude Code sessions from between October 2025 and April 2026.
这个数据点显示了研究的样本规模为约40万次Claude Code会话，时间跨度为7个月。这是一个相当大的数据集，增强了研究结果的可靠性。然而，我们不知道这40万次会话是否代表了所有用户，或者是否存在样本偏差。此外，研究仅限于Claude Code的使用，可能无法推广到其他AI编码工具。
We present results from a survey of 1,260 social scientists about AI and coding agent use, fielded in February and March 2026.
这个样本量(1,260)对于社会科学研究来说相当可观，提供了足够的数据基础进行分析。然而，文章也提到这不是代表性样本，因为受访者是受邀参与AI工作流程研究的，可能导致结果偏向于对AI工具更感兴趣的研究者。这一数据点表明研究结果可能存在选择偏差。
So I don't see why I should expect compute-poor labs to find new software innovations much faster than compute-rich labs — on the contrary, I think the opposite is more likely.
【过度推论】作者列举了 Transformer、scaling laws、reasoning models 均出自算力富裕方，就得出「算力富裕者更擅长创新」。但这是幸存者偏差：我们只看到了被广泛采用的创新，看不到算力贫乏者产出但未被主流采纳的创新。更重要的是，样本量极小（屈指可数的几个大突破），却被用来支撑一个关于系统性趋势的强结论，统计基础极为薄弱。
This study selected the top 100 companies from the manufacturing sector at the Shanghai Stock Exchange by (MC) for a period of 10 years (2012–2021)
The selection of only top firms by market cap invites selection bias: these firms are more likely to have resources and institutional pressures that support CSR behaviour and stakeholder engagement. This may inflate the observed positive relationship between CSR and performance and may not reflect firms with fewer resources.
Age at Enspryng Initiation 47 (32, 55) 47 (30, 52)
Makes sense to me. Looks to be similar across cohorts
Sample, Mark. “Notes towards a Deformed Humanities.” Academic blog. SampleReality (blog), May 2, 2012. https://samplereality.com/2012/05/02/notes-towards-a-deformed-humanities/.
In particular, if one person is trying to teach another they should provide an informative sample, rather than a random one. So if a learner knows that they are being taught, they can assume that the sample is informative.
Although we are talking about implicit pedagogy, this brings about the necessity to be explicit by providing informative samples when teaching. This brings to mind when teachers ask random questions instead of being explicit in their questioning as it relates to the desired learning outcome.
Uittenhove, K., Jeanneret, S., & Vergauwe, E. (2022). From lab-based to web-based behavioural research: Who you test is more important than how you test. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/uy4kb
the sample standard deviation S
standard error
Maxmen, A. (2021). Omicron blindspots: Why it’s hard to track coronavirus variants. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03698-7
Puthillam, A. (2021). Too WEIRD, Too Fast? Preprints about COVID-19 in psychology. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/jeh84
e decided to look at the experiences of women who had been primarily mothers and wives and were attempting to move into the labor market.
Research sample: Women who were first mother's and wives entering the job market.
Alan McNally 💙. (2021, February 5). Our latest lab data for B.1.1.7 prevalence in Pillar 2 samples, as determined by SGTF. Clearly now plateauing at 80-90%. Which to me suggests there are other lineages as transmissible as B.1.1.7......... Https://t.co/toA0GyVsZz [Tweet]. @alanmcn1. https://twitter.com/alanmcn1/status/1357701944027004929
case-driven trial was planned 205to accrue 130case
What was the rationale for accrual of 130 cases has not been explained here. Would be nice to have that explanation. When the study parameters (95% confidence interval, 60% vaccine efficacy, 1% baseline attack rate) were applied to the WHO calculator obtained from here, the sample size turned out to be 86000, and when 80% confidence interval, 60% vaccine efficacy, and 1% baseline rate among unvaccinated) was used to assess sample size, it turned out to be 21000; in any case, the study then would be underpowered unless the rationale of 130 case accrual is made.<br> Why was not the WHO sample size estimator used?
COVID, One Year Ago on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 1 May 2021, from https://twitter.com/covidoneyearago/status/1383888066671046657
Scheel, Anne M., Mitchell R. M. J. Schijen, and Daniël Lakens. ‘An Excess of Positive Results: Comparing the Standard Psychology Literature With Registered Reports’. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 4, no. 2 (1 April 2021): 25152459211007468. https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459211007467.
Tan, Steph H., Orchid Allicock, Mari Armstrong-Hough, and Anne L. Wyllie. ‘Saliva as a Gold-Standard Sample for SARS-CoV-2 Detection’. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 0, no. 0 (19 April 2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00178-8.
Morrow, Alison, Sara Jenks, and Becky Batchelor. ‘The Effect of Antibody Test Result Knowledge on Transmission Reducing Behaviours’. PsyArXiv, 13 April 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/unm7r.
2 out of 3 people in my household do not find it easy to understand. Maybe that is is not representative, but keep in mind that something you yourself understand (or in this case think you understand) always seems easy.
Buss, Lewis F., Carlos A. Prete, Claudia M. M. Abrahim, Alfredo Mendrone, Tassila Salomon, Cesar de Almeida-Neto, Rafael F. O. França, et al. ‘Three-Quarters Attack Rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian Amazon during a Largely Unmitigated Epidemic’. Science 371, no. 6526 (15 January 2021): 288–92. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe9728.
illusory sense
A sample annotation
Lakens, D. (2021). Sample Size Justification. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9d3yf
Hodcroft, E. B., Domman, D. B., Oguntuyo, K., Snyder, D. J., Diest, M. V., Densmore, K. H., Schwalm, K. C., Femling, J., Carroll, J. L., Scott, R. S., Whyte, M. M., Edwards, M. D., Hull, N. C., Kevil, C. G., Vanchiere, J. A., Lee, B., Dinwiddie, D. L., Cooper, V. S., & Kamil, J. P. (2021). Emergence in late 2020 of multiple lineages of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein variants affecting amino acid position 677. MedRxiv, 2021.02.12.21251658. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.12.21251658
Surveys in a time of Covid [u/hamilton_ian] (2020-01-28). Reddit. Retrieved from: https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciAsk/comments/l739ru/surveys_in_a_time_of_covid/
This is a page note. I can write overall comments about the pre-print here.
Tags can also be added below.
Power Analyses
Power Analyses with SPSS, R, Stata, SAS
The graphs of ground state confinement energy againstsize (radius) for zinc sulfide nanoparticles in Figure 14 showthe dependence of confinement on the size of quantum dots.The result shows that ground state confinement energy is
Las graficas de la energía de confinamiento en su estado fundamental en contra del tamaño (radio) por nanopartículas de sulfato de zinc en la Figura 14 muestran la dependencia de confinamiento en el tamaño de los puntos quánticos. El resultado muestra que el estado fundamental de energía en confinamiento es inversamente proporciona al tamaño (radio). Por lo tanto, cuando uno incrementa su radio (tamaño) la energía de confinamiento decrece pero nunca llega a cero. Eso es, el energía mas baja posible para el punto quántica de muestra no es cero. El confinamiento comienza cuando el radio del punto cuántico de muestra es comparable o del orden del radio exciton de Bohr.
We say that uu is ’a utility function for ≿\succsim.
Does "u is a utility function for \($\succsim$\)" mean that the utility function 'represents' \($\succsim$\)/
pellet
pellet
leaf tip tissue
leaf tissue
DNA samples
ellet
samples
sample
gDNA sample
pinnae
DNA
young tissue
DNA pellet
pellet
tissue sample
ground leaf material
frozen plant material
pallet
CNN, A. K. (n.d.). Fewer than 10% in the US have antibodies to the novel coronavirus. CNN. Retrieved September 29, 2020, from https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/25/health/coronavirus-antibodies-dialysis-patients/index.html
A Brazilian city devastated by COVID-19 may have reached herd immunity. (2020, September 24). Science News. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/coronavirus-covid-19-brazil-city-manaus-herd-immunity
Commissioner, O. of the. (2020, September 23). Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes First Point-of-Care Antibody Test for COVID-19. FDA; FDA. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-first-point-care-antibody-test-covid-19
Nottinghamshire woman, 75, may be first known UK Covid victim. (2020, August 25). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/25/nottinghamshire-woman-75-may-be-first-known-uk-covid-victim
Goldman, E. (2020). Exaggerated risk of transmission of COVID-19 by fomites. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30561-2
Mario Elia on Twitter: “While I commend them for this work, a few things jump out at me right away looking at the data tables. The sample of the patients was heavily skewed towards a few demographics. 1/” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved July 11, 2020, from https://twitter.com/supermarioelia/status/1280709931235184641
Darren L Dahly, PhD on Twitter: “If you find @MicrobiomDigest’s spot the duplication challenges a bit tooooo challenging, I’ll give you an easy one. See if you can spot the batshit crazy in this table 1, which is supposedly describing a nationally representative sample. https://t.co/dDdsq0YjR7” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved July 11, 2020, from https://twitter.com/statsepi/status/1280995113439834114
mike johansen on Twitter: “This paper has got some MAJOR problems. I don’t know why this paper was accepted for publication (nor submitted for publication to be frank). Let’s dive in. 1/” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved July 11, 2020, from https://twitter.com/mikejohansenmd/status/1280728008643555328
Althouse, A. D. (2020). Post Hoc Power: Not Empowering, Just Misleading. Journal of Surgical Research, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.10.049
Lednicky, J. A., Lauzardo, M., Fan, Z. H., Jutla, A. S., Tilly, T. B., Gangwar, M., Usmani, M., Shankar, S. N., Mohamed, K., Eiguren-Fernandez, A., Stephenson, C. J., Alam, M. M., Elbadry, M. A., Loeb, J. C., Subramaniam, K., Waltzek, T. B., Cherabuddi, K., Morris, J. G., & Wu, C.-Y. (2020). Viable SARS-CoV-2 in the air of a hospital room with COVID-19 patients. MedRxiv, 2020.08.03.20167395. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.03.20167395
Maarten van Smeden on Twitter: “This is a kind reminder that most issues with data (e.g. measurement error, incomplete data, confounding, selection) do not disappear just because you have N = ginormous” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://twitter.com/MaartenvSmeden/status/1283313496382373890
Lee, Jaehyeon, So Yeon Kim, Heungsup Sung, Sang Won Lee, Hyukmin Lee, Kyoung Ho Roh, Cheon Kwon Yoo, and Ki Ho Hong. ‘Challenges and Issues of SARS-CoV-2 Pool Testing’. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 0, no. 0 (14 July 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30516-8.
Pensando a Pandemia: Tópicos em Filosofia da Mente e Psicologia. (2020, July 2). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiVz0q5oRK8
brain
homogenized tissue
brain
brain
mouse
blood
mouse
mice
RNA
protein
cerebral microvessels
SARS-CoV-2 circulating in Italy in December 2019. (2020, June 29). News-Medical.Net. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20200629/SARS-CoV-2-circulating-in-Italy-in-December-2019.aspx
Crchartier, ~. (2020, March 13). The PSA Calls for Rapid and Impactful Study Proposals on COVID-19. Psychological Science Accelerator. https://psysciacc.org/2020/03/13/the-psa-calls-for-rapid-and-impactful-study-proposals-on-covid-19/
Wurtzer, S., Marechal, V., Mouchel, J.-M., & Moulin, L. (2020). Time course quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Parisian wastewaters correlates with COVID-19 confirmed cases. MedRxiv, 2020.04.12.20062679. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.12.20062679
Lohse, S., Pfuhl, T., Berkó-Göttel, B., Rissland, J., Geißler, T., Gärtner, B., Becker, S. L., Schneitler, S., & Smola, S. (2020). Pooling of samples for testing for SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, S1473309920303625. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30362-5
Wölfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W. et al. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x
The standard error (the standard deviation of the distribution of sample means) has this formula:
Tex command for the standard deviation of the sample mean
“Yes, perhaps he has captured it.” A man sitting at a desk
Annotation to an image? Perhaps for charts/graphs?
o
Annotating a PDF.
I can't make an annotation on Google's documentation ( I think it's a Hypothesis bug ) but I've updated the linked code sample below to work as of 10/04/2019 with Python 3
https://gist.github.com/technoplato/4d28f4f308ea7c5fe20bd23e751e9e60
Image Score: How to Select Useful Samples
提出的 semi-supervised learning 这个概念比较有趣。给数据集每个 sample 打分或许对 interpretability 有点帮助吧。。。。
tutorials. More text. And more text. And more text. And mor
hi this is sample
structural modifications
What are "structural modifications"?
Upcoming/Current Projects Papers, Posters & Presentations Recognition & Participation Teaching Coursework History Recent Software Projects Contact
This is a sample public annotation that I created.
NPTEL WORKSHOP
Another workshop discussion at janastu.org
Sample Model Case Brief (Should be ONE page (Typed) MAXIMUM!):
Sample Model Case Brief (Should be ONE page (Typed) MAXIMUM!):
The cases on the subject are collected in a footnote to Somerset Bank v. Edmund, 10 Am. & Eng. Ann. Cas. 726; 76 Ohio St. Rep. 396, the head-note to which reads: "Public policy and sound morals alike forbid that a public officer should demand or receive for services performed by him in the discharge of official duty any other or further remuneration or reward than that prescribed or allowed by law." This rule of public policy has been relaxed only in those instances where the legislature for sufficient public reason has seen fit by statute to extend the stimulus of a reward to the public without distinction, as in the case of United States v. Matthews, 173 U.S. 381, where the attorney-general, under an act for "the detection and prosecution of crimes against the United States," made a public offer of reward sufficiently liberal and generic to comprehend the services of a federal deputy marshal. Exceptions of that character upon familiar principles serve to emphasize the correctness of the rule, as one based upon sound public policy.
1) A public officer cannot demand or receive remuneration or a reward for carrying out the duty of his job as a matter of public policy and morality
2) However, it is not against public policy for a police officer to receive a reward in performance of his legal duty if the legislature passes a statute giving the reward to the public at large in furtherance of some public policy - such as preventing treason against the US.
MINTURN, J. The plaintiff occupied the position of a special police officer, in Atlantic City, and incidentally was identified with the work of the prosecutor of the pleas of the county. He possessed knowledge concerning the theft of certain diamonds and jewelry from the possession of the defendant, who had advertised a reward for the recovery of the property. In this situation he claims to have entered into a verbal contract with defendant, whereby she agreed to pay him $500 if he could procure for her the names and addresses of the thieves. As a result of his meditation with the police authorities the diamonds and jewelry were recovered, and plaintiff brought this suit to recover the promised reward.
The judgment below for that reason must be reversed.
Court reverses decision of lower court in favor of the plaintiff since he was characterized as a public official.
The testimony makes it manifest that he was a special police officer to some extent identified with the work of the prosecutor's office, and that position, upon well-settled grounds of public policy, required him to assist, at least, in the prosecution of offenders against the law. The services he rendered, in this instance, must be presumed to have been rendered in pursuance of that public duty, and for its performance he was not entitled to receive a special quid pro quo.
Court finds sufficient evidence to characterize this fellow as a public official.
His interaction with the prosecutor's office weighed in as a factor in suggesting he had a legal duty.
Since he is characterized within the rule as a public official, he cannot, as a matter of law, receive a reward for the performance of his duties.
The District Court, sitting without a jury, awarded plaintiff a judgment for the amount of the reward, and hence this appeal.
Various points are discussed in the briefs, but to us the dominant and conspicuous inquiry in the case is, was the plaintiff, during the period of this transaction, a public officer, charged with the enforcement of the law?
STEPHEN GRAY, RESPONDENT, v. THERESA D. MARTINO, APPELLANT Supreme Court of New Jersey 91 N.J.L. 462; 103 A. 24 February 2, 1918, Decided
Gray (cop) v. Martino (crime victim)
type: respondent
type: appellant