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Kadambari, S., Goldacre, R., Morris, E., Goldacre, M. J., & Pollard, A. J. (2022). Indirect effects of the covid-19 pandemic on childhood infection in England: Population based observational study. BMJ, 376, e067519. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-067519
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- Apr 2022
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www.projectn95.org www.projectn95.org
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Project N95—The National Clearinghouse for personal protective equipment and COVID-19 tests. (n.d.). Retrieved April 20, 2022, from https://www.projectn95.org/
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Bagheri, G., Thiede, B., Hejazi, B., Schlenczek, O., & Bodenschatz, E. (2021). An upper bound on one-to-one exposure to infectious human respiratory particles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(49), e2110117118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110117118
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Excess Deaths Associated with COVID-19. (2021, February 17). https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/covid19/excess_deaths.htm
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Adam Kucharski. (2021, March 24). This is an interesting perspective on Taiwan (& glad it mentions data/privacy), although I’d like to see more references to what local officials were actually saying about approach in real-time, rather than what UK-based researchers later say it was: Https://t.co/FDu0mQoISh 1/ [Tweet]. @AdamJKucharski. https://twitter.com/AdamJKucharski/status/1374638777814167555
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twitter.com twitter.com
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(1) ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @ahandvanish: New paper on 10,024 breakthrough infections shows that vaccination does not prevent #LongCovid. Https://t.co/8WurrqXRwy…’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 29 October 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1453638123624226822
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- Mar 2022
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Blachere, F. M., Lemons, A. R., Coyle, J. P., Derk, R. C., Lindsley, W. G., Beezhold, D. H., Woodfork, K., Duling, M. G., Boutin, B., Boots, T., Harris, J. R., Nurkiewicz, T., & Noti, J. D. (2021). Face mask fit modifications that improve source control performance (p. 2021.09.16.21263642). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.16.21263642
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- Feb 2022
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Deepti Gurdasani. (2022, February 8). Exactly this 👇 We never talk about the huge benefits mitigations have had in reducing other respiratory illnesses... Which means deaths from other causes have reduced. Excess deaths are not a good indicator of COVID-19 deaths—Which we should be doing a lot more to prevent! [Tweet]. @dgurdasani1. https://twitter.com/dgurdasani1/status/1491123632349024256
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twitter.com twitter.com
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World Health Organization (WHO) on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 13 February 2022, from https://twitter.com/WHO/status/1485554889900142599
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Afkhami, S., D’Agostino, M. R., Zhang, A., Stacey, H. D., Marzok, A., Kang, A., Singh, R., Bavananthasivam, J., Ye, G., Luo, X., Wang, F., Ang, J. C., Zganiacz, A., Sankar, U., Kazhdan, N., Koenig, J. F. E., Phelps, A., Gameiro, S. F., Tang, S., … Xing, Z. (2022). Respiratory mucosal delivery of next-generation COVID-19 vaccine provides robust protection against both ancestral and variant strains of SARS-CoV-2. Cell, S0092867422001453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.02.005
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- Jan 2022
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Carreño, Juan Manuel, Hala Alshammary, Johnstone Tcheou, Gagandeep Singh, Ariel Raskin, Hisaaki Kawabata, Levy Sominsky, et al. ‘Activity of Convalescent and Vaccine Serum against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron’. Nature, 31 December 2021, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04399-5.
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accessmedicine-mhmedical-com.proxy.library.maryville.edu accessmedicine-mhmedical-com.proxy.library.maryville.edu
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Respiratory failure can be broadly categorized as hypoxemic respiratory failure (respiratory insufficiency) or hypercapnic respiratory failure (ventilatory failure), and the two forms may coexist
Hypercapnic and Hypoxic Resp failure can co-exist
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Acute respiratory failure is defined as the requirement for mechanical ventilation longer than 48 hours postoperatively or unplanned reintubation for cardiac or respiratory failure.
Respiratory failure defined.
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www.clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com www.clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com
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Slezak, J., Bruxvoort, K., Fischer, H., Broder, B., Ackerson, B., & Tartof, S. (2021). Rate and severity of suspected SARS-Cov-2 reinfection in a cohort of PCR-positive COVID-19 patients. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 27(12), 1860.e7-1860.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2021.07.030
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Yonker, L. M., Boucau, J., Regan, J., Choudhary, M. C., Burns, M. D., Young, N., Farkas, E. J., Davis, J. P., Moschovis, P. P., Bernard Kinane, T., Fasano, A., Neilan, A. M., Li, J. Z., & Barczak, A. K. (2021). Virologic Features of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Children. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 224(11), 1821–1829. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab509
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- Nov 2021
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www.science.org www.science.org
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Wang, C. C., Prather, K. A., Sznitman, J., Jimenez, J. L., Lakdawala, S. S., Tufekci, Z., & Marr, L. C. (n.d.). Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses. Science, 373(6558), eabd9149. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd9149
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onlinelibrary.wiley.com onlinelibrary.wiley.com
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Li, Y., Cheng, P., & Jia, W. (n.d.). Poor ventilation worsens short-range airborne transmission of respiratory infection. Indoor Air, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12946
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- Aug 2021
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STAT. “Scientists Debate Potential Benefits of Intranasal Covid-19 Vaccines,” August 10, 2021. https://www.statnews.com/2021/08/10/covid-intranasal-vaccines/.
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- Jul 2021
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Adam Kucharski. (2021, June 27). Update: Https://t.co/WUf7IItdDj [Tweet]. @AdamJKucharski. https://twitter.com/AdamJKucharski/status/1409088075783979012
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www.nejm.org www.nejm.org
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Barouch, Dan H., Kathryn E. Stephenson, Jerald Sadoff, Jingyou Yu, Aiquan Chang, Makda Gebre, Katherine McMahan, et al. “Durable Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses 8 Months after Ad26.COV2.S Vaccination.” New England Journal of Medicine 0, no. 0 (July 14, 2021): null. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2108829.
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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the Guardian. “Will Covid Become a Disease of the Young? The World Is Watching England to Find out | Devi Sridhar,” July 26, 2021. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jul/26/covid-young-people-england-virus-spread-uk.
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- Jun 2021
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www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com
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COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy After First Dose: Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca. (2021, February 25). Infectious Disease Advisor. https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/home/topics/covid19/pfizer-moderna-coronavirus-vaccine-first-dose-high-efficacy-bnt162b2-mrna1273-astrazeneca/
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Of the different instantaneous HRV indices computed by the point process technique, we selected the instantaneous high frequency power (HF) as our representative HRV metric. Heart rate HF power has garnered the greatest consensus for reflecting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) modulation by parasympathetic activity
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wwwf.imperial.ac.uk wwwf.imperial.ac.uk
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COVID and lung health: The patient experience and what comes next? (2021, June 1). Imperial Medicine Blog. http://wwwf.imperial.ac.uk/blog/imperial-medicine/2021/06/01/covid-and-lung-health-the-patient-experience-and-what-comes-next/
Tags
- lung disease
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- May 2021
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www.newscientist.com www.newscientist.com
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Lu, D. (n.d.). Covid-19 lockdown has left young children vulnerable to some illnesses. New Scientist. Retrieved May 15, 2021, from https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg25033323-600-covid-19-lockdown-has-left-young-children-vulnerable-to-some-illnesses/
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science.sciencemag.org science.sciencemag.org
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Choe, Hyeryun, and Michael Farzan. ‘How SARS-CoV-2 First Adapted in Humans’. Science 372, no. 6541 (30 April 2021): 466–67. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi4711.
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www.pnas.org www.pnas.org
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Howard, J., Huang, A., Li, Z., Tufekci, Z., Zdimal, V., Westhuizen, H.-M. van der, Delft, A. von, Price, A., Fridman, L., Tang, L.-H., Tang, V., Watson, G. L., Bax, C. E., Shaikh, R., Questier, F., Hernandez, D., Chu, L. F., Ramirez, C. M., & Rimoin, A. W. (2021). An evidence review of face masks against COVID-19. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(4). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014564118
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- Apr 2021
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Greenhalgh, Trisha, Jose L. Jimenez, Kimberly A. Prather, Zeynep Tufekci, David Fisman, and Robert Schooley. ‘Ten Scientific Reasons in Support of Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2’. The Lancet 0, no. 0 (15 April 2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00869-2.
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www.medscape.com www.medscape.com
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Topol, E. J. (2021, March 18). It’s Okay to Overreact: Devi Sridhar Shares COVID’s Humbling Lesson. Medscape. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/947382
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Tan, Steph H., Orchid Allicock, Mari Armstrong-Hough, and Anne L. Wyllie. ‘Saliva as a Gold-Standard Sample for SARS-CoV-2 Detection’. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 0, no. 0 (19 April 2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00178-8.
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Swenson, A. (2021, April 20). Study lacks evidence on masks, isn’t linked to Stanford. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-629043235973
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www.bmj.com www.bmj.com
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Tang, J. W., Marr, L. C., Li, Y., & Dancer, S. J. (2021). Covid-19 has redefined airborne transmission. BMJ, 373, n913. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n913
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- Mar 2021
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twitter.com twitter.com
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David R Tomlinson 💙. (2021, March 5). Truth. 💙 @FreshAirNHS @theRCN @TheBMA @mancunianmedic @DrLindaDykes @Chakladar_A @KGadhok https://t.co/Ke2C84KuaT https://t.co/C469qvrSoK [Tweet]. @DRTomlinsonEP. https://twitter.com/DRTomlinsonEP/status/1367962251211202566
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Mathur, Rohini, Laura Bear, Kamlesh Khunti, and Rosalind M. Eggo. ‘Urgent Actions and Policies Needed to Address COVID-19 among UK Ethnic Minorities’. The Lancet 396, no. 10266 (12 December 2020): 1866–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32465-X.
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Sridhar, Devi. ‘COVID-19: What Health Experts Could and Could Not Predict’. Nature Medicine 26, no. 12 (December 2020): 1812–1812. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-01170-z.
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Dolgin, E. (2021). How COVID unlocked the power of RNA vaccines. Nature, 589(7841), 189–191. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00019-wq
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crosscut.com crosscut.com
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In King County, pollution makes ZIP codes predictors of your health | Crosscut. (n.d.). Retrieved 5 March 2021, from https://crosscut.com/video/new-normal/king-county-pollution-makes-zip-codes-predictors-your-health
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twitter.com twitter.com
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ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @PsyArXivBot: Predictors of Social Distancing and Hand Washing among Adults in Five Countries during COVID-19 https://t.co/DHAjYHoS3a’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 2 March 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1366708059175849988
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- public health
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- Feb 2021
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www.forbes.com www.forbes.com
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However, most notably, COVID-19 patients are most often dying of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which indicates that COVID-19 related cytokine storms, like the virus, are focused in the lower lung. This leads to the instances of acute pneumonia and the need for intubation and ventilator use.
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Li, F., Li, Y.-Y., Liu, M.-J., Fang, L.-Q., Dean, N. E., Wong, G. W. K., Yang, X.-B., Longini, I., Halloran, M. E., Wang, H.-J., Liu, P.-L., Pang, Y.-H., Yan, Y.-Q., Liu, S., Xia, W., Lu, X.-X., Liu, Q., Yang, Y., & Xu, S.-Q. (2021). Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and risk factors for susceptibility and infectivity in Wuhan: A retrospective observational study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30981-6
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www.dailymail.co.uk www.dailymail.co.uk
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Dingwall, P. R. (2021, February 20). PROFESSOR ROBERT DINGWALL: We must resist those arguing for Zero Covid. Mail Online. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-9282175/PROFESSOR-ROBERT-DINGWALL-resist-powerful-voices-arguing-Zero-Covid.html
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www.scientificamerican.com www.scientificamerican.com
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Iwasaki, A. (n.d.). Another Way to Protect against COVID beyond Masking and Social Distancing. Scientific American. Retrieved 19 February 2021, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/another-way-to-protect-against-covid-beyond-masking-and-social-distancing/
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www.pnas.org www.pnas.org
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Baker, R. E., Park, S. W., Yang, W., Vecchi, G. A., Metcalf, C. J. E., & Grenfell, B. T. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on the future dynamics of endemic infections. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(48), 30547–30553. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013182117
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papers.ssrn.com papers.ssrn.com
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Nogués, X., Ovejero, D., Quesada-Gomez, J. M., Bouillon, R., Arenas, D., Pascual, J., Villar-Garcia, J., Rial, A., Gimenez-Argente, C., Cos, M. L., Rodriguez-Morera, J., Campodarve, I., Guerri-Fernandez, R., Pineda-Moncusí, M., & García-Giralt, N. (2021). Calcifediol Treatment and COVID-19-Related Outcomes (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3771318). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3771318
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., … Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Hodcroft, E. B., Domman, D. B., Oguntuyo, K., Snyder, D. J., Diest, M. V., Densmore, K. H., Schwalm, K. C., Femling, J., Carroll, J. L., Scott, R. S., Whyte, M. M., Edwards, M. D., Hull, N. C., Kevil, C. G., Vanchiere, J. A., Lee, B., Dinwiddie, D. L., Cooper, V. S., & Kamil, J. P. (2021). Emergence in late 2020 of multiple lineages of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein variants affecting amino acid position 677. MedRxiv, 2021.02.12.21251658. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.12.21251658
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www.nih.gov www.nih.gov
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Researchers propose that humidity from masks may lessen severity of COVID-19. (2021, February 12). National Institutes of Health (NIH). https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/researchers-propose-humidity-masks-may-lessen-severity-covid-19
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Loomba, S., de Figueiredo, A., Piatek, S. J., de Graaf, K., & Larson, H. J. (2021). Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent in the UK and USA. Nature Human Behaviour, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01056-1
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Shipley, Rebecca J., David Brealey, Rashan Haniffa, Clare Elwell, Tim Baker, David A. Lomas, und Mervyn Singer. „Lessons and Risks of Medical Device Deployment in a Global Pandemic“. The Lancet Global Health 0, Nr. 0 (3. Februar 2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00028-0.
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- Sep 2020
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academic.oup.com academic.oup.com
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Offeddu, V., Yung, C. F., Low, M. S. F., & Tam, C. C. (2017). Effectiveness of Masks and Respirators Against Respiratory Infections in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 65(11), 1934–1942. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix681
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Blood Thinners, Blood Pressure Meds May Improve COVID-19 Survival Rate. (2020, August 27). Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health-news/blood-thinners-blood-pressure-meds-may-improve-covid-19-survival-rate
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- Aug 2020
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www.acpjournals.org www.acpjournals.org
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Crosby, S. S. (2020). My COVID-19. Annals of Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-5126
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www.sciencedirect.com www.sciencedirect.com
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Xu, G., Qi, F., Li, H., Yang, Q., Wang, H., Wang, X., Liu, X., Zhao, J., Liao, X., Liu, Y., Amit, I., Liu, L., Zhang, S., & Zhang, Z. (2020). The differential immune responses to COVID-19 in peripheral and lung revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. MedRxiv, 2020.08.15.20175638. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.15.20175638
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www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
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Chen, Y., Yang, W.-H., Huang, L.-M., Wang, Y.-C., Yang, C.-S., Liu, Y.-L., Hou, M.-H., Tsai, C.-L., Chou, Y.-Z., Huang, B.-Y., Hung, C.-F., Hung, Y.-L., Chen, J.-S., Chiang, Y.-P., Cho, D.-Y., Jeng, L.-B., Tsai, C.-H., & Hung, M.-C. (2020). Inhibition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 main protease by tafenoquine in vitro. BioRxiv, 2020.08.14.250258. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.14.250258
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Mohammadi, A., Esmaeilzadeh, E., Li, Y., Bosch, R. J., & Li, J. Z. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 detection in different respiratory sites: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EBioMedicine, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102903
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jamanetwork.com jamanetwork.com
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Heald-Sargent, T., Muller, W. J., Zheng, X., Rippe, J., Patel, A. B., & Kociolek, L. K. (2020). Age-Related Differences in Nasopharyngeal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Levels in Patients With Mild to Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.3651
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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Deregulation in a Time of Pandemic: Does Pollution Increase Coronavirus Cases or Deaths?. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 5, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13231/
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- Jul 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Wise, Toby, Giorgia Michelini, Tomislav Damir Zbozinek, Cindy C. Hagan, and Dean Mobbs. ‘Development and Validation of the Avoidance of Respiratory Viral Infection Scale (ARVIS)’, 17 July 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/dkc7m.
Tags
- Avoidance of Respiratory Viral Infection Scale
- depression
- fear
- measures
- general trait anxiety
- reliability
- state anxiety
- validity
- fearful
- handwashing
- ARVIS
- contagion
- daily behaviour
- social distancing
- psychometric properties
- evaluate
- psychology
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- questionnaire
Annotators
URL
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Zhong, H., Wang, Y., Shi, Z., Zhang, L., Ren, H., He, W., Zhang, Z., Zhu, A., Zhao, J., Xiao, F., Yang, F., Liang, T., Ye, F., Zhong, B., Ruan, S., Gan, M., Zhu, J., Li, F., Li, F., … Zhao, J. (2020). Characterization of Microbial Co-infections in the Respiratory Tract of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. MedRxiv, 2020.07.02.20143032. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.02.20143032
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www.frontiersin.org www.frontiersin.org
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Cai, X., Ma, Y., Li, S., Chen, Y., Rong, Z., & Li, W. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of 5 COVID-19 Cases With Non-respiratory Symptoms as the First Manifestation in Children. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00258
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- Jun 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Muungo, L. (2020). Effects of pneumococcal vaccine in patients with chronic respiratory disease. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gwqvx
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Nepogodiev, Dmitri, James C. Glasbey, Elizabeth Li, Omar M. Omar, Joana FF Simoes, Tom EF Abbott, Osaid Alser, et al. ‘Mortality and Pulmonary Complications in Patients Undergoing Surgery with Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An International Cohort Study’. The Lancet 0, no. 0 (29 May 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31182-X.
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- May 2020
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www.pnas.org www.pnas.org
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Stadnytskyi, V., Bax, C. E., Bax, A., & Anfinrud, P. (2020). The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 202006874. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006874117
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academic.oup.com academic.oup.com
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Danis, K., Epaulard, O., Bénet, T., Gaymard, A., Campoy, S., Bothelo-Nevers, E., Bouscambert-Duchamp, M., Spaccaferri, G., Ader, F., Mailles, A., Boudalaa, Z., Tolsma, V., Berra, J., Vaux, S., Forestier, E., Landelle, C., Fougere, E., Thabuis, A., Berthelot, P., … Bag, B. C. (2020). Cluster of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in the French Alps, 2020. Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciaa424. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa424
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- Apr 2020
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Jefferson, T., Jones, M., Al Ansari, L. A., Bawazeer, G., Beller, E., Clark, J., Conly, J., Del Mar, C., Dooley, E., Ferroni, E., Glasziou, P., Hoffman, T., Thorning, S., & Van Driel, M. (2020). Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Part 1 - Face masks, eye protection and person distancing: Systematic review and meta-analysis [Preprint]. Public and Global Health. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20047217
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Leung, N.H.L., Chu, D.K.W., Shiu, E.Y.C. et al. Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks. Nat Med (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0843-2
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Local file Local file
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wastewater treatment disease transmission studies from that time did not usually consider respiratory pathogens.
During the 1980s, there were few pathogens that were both known to initiate infection in the lungs and frequently occur in wastewater (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980). It was viewed as an anomaly if an enteric pathogen was “uniquely infectious by the aerosol route”, with the noted exception of the respiratory bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Second, hypoxaemia may be also an important reason of cardiac injury. In Huang’s study, 32% COVID-19 patients had various degree of hypoxaemia and need required high-flow nasal cannula or higher-level oxygen support. In Chen’s study, up to 76% of patients require oxygen therapy. Due to severe 2019-nCoV infection, the pneumonia may cause significant gas exchange obstruction, leading to hypoxaemia, which significantly reduces the energy supply by cell metabolism, and increases anaerobic fermentation, causing intracellular acidosis and oxygen free radicals to destroy the phospholipid layer of cell membrane. Meanwhile, hypoxia-induced influx of calcium ions also leads to injury and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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and respiratory dysfunction and hypoxaemia caused by COVID-19, resulting in damage to myocardial cells.
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- Mar 2020
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thehorse.com thehorse.com
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an abnormal noise from the upper airway might be audible during galloping, which usually is a sign that there is something amiss with the upper airway
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- Jul 2018
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D-3.1.1Identify the basic parts of the respiratory system (e.g., lungs, bronchioles, diaphragm)
1 of 2 Main Science/Health Objectives 3rd Grade health standard
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