Fielding. S. (2020) UK universities' promise of face-to-face teaching is risking academics' health. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/aug/22/uk-universities-are-risking-staff-health-by-promising-students-in-person-teaching

WearingisCaring {@WearingisCaring} (2020) How can you safely take off your mask? Simply follow these four easy steps to prevent catching the virus! Twitter. Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/WearingisCaring/status/1295707116880134145

Barrick, E., Thornton, M. A., & Tamir, D. (2020). Mask exposure during COVID-19 changes emotional face processing. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/yjfg3

Beltran, D. G., Isch, C., Ayers, J., Alcock, J., Brinkworth, J. F., Cronk, L., Hurmuz-Sklias, H., Tidball, K. G., Horn, A. V., Todd, P. M., & Aktipis, A. (2020). Mask wearing is associated with COVID-19 Prevalence, Risk, Stress, and Future Orientation. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/dpa2j

🔥 Your COVID Roundup, Week #31. (n.d.). Retrieved December 9, 2020, from https://mailchi.mp/8338eb3924db/your-covid-roundup-7106445?e=feb8bf1ac8

Face Masks, Voting, and Social Media | Human Resources | The University of Texas at Austin. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2020, from https://hr.utexas.edu/learning-development/programs/face-masks-voting-and-social-media

Jaeger, B., Oud, B., Williams, T., Krumhuber, E., Fehr, E., & Engelmann, J. B. (2020, October 20). Trustworthiness detection from faces: Does reliance on facial impressions pay off?. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ayqeh

Tong, K. K., Chen, J. H., Yu, E. W., & Wu, A. M. S. (n.d.). Adherence to COVID-19 Precautionary Measures: Applying the Health Belief Model and Generalised Social Beliefs to a Probability Community Sample. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12230

Scheid, J., Lupien, S., Ford, G., & West, S. (2020). Physiological and Psychological Impact of Face Mask Usage during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</Em>. Volume 78, Issue 18, 6655.</P>. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186655

Lau, P. Y. F. (2020). Fighting COVID-19: Social capital and community mobilisation in Hong Kong. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-08-2020-0377

Yang Chan, E. Y., Shahzada, T. S., Sham, T. S. T., Dubois, C., Huang, Z., Liu, S., Ho, J. Y., Hung, K. K. C., Kwok, K. O., & Shaw, R. (n.d.). Narrative review of non-pharmaceutical behavioural measures for the prevention of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) based on the Health-EDRM framework. British Medical Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldaa030

Landi, F., Marzetti, E., Sanguinetti, M., Ciciarello, F., Tritto, M., Benvenuto, F., Bramato, G., Brandi, V., Carfì, A., D’Angelo, E., Fusco, D., Lo Monaco, M. R., Martone, A. M., Pagano, F., Rocchi, S., Rota, E., Russo, A., Salerno, A., Cattani, P., … Bernabei, on behalf of the G. A. C.-19 G. T. (n.d.). Should face masks be worn to contain the spread of COVID-19 in the postlockdown phase? Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traa085

Harries, A. D., Martinez, L., & Chakaya, J. M. (n.d.). SARS-CoV-2: How safe is it to fly and what can be done to enhance protection? Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traa106

Howard, M. C. (2021). Gender, face mask perceptions, and face mask wearing: Are men being dangerous during the COVID-19 pandemic? Personality and Individual Differences, 170, 110417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110417

Alter, S. M., Maki, D. G., LeBlang, S., Shih, R. D., & Hennekens, C. H. (2020). The menacing assaults on science, FDA, CDC, and health of the US public. EClinicalMedicine, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100581

Djordjević, S., & Dobovšek, B. (2020). Organised crime in Western Balkans Six at the onset of coronavirus. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-06-2020-0229

Matt Bishop on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved October 9, 2020, from https://twitter.com/MatthewLBishop/status/1313949882454077441

IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. ‘COVID-19 and the Labor Market’. Accessed 6 October 2020. https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13745/.

IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. ‘COVID-19 and the Labor Market’. Accessed 6 October 2020. https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13670/.

Peek, K. (n.d.). Flu Season Never Came to the Southern Hemisphere. Scientific American. Retrieved October 5, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/flu-season-never-came-to-the-southern-hemisphere/

people who are refusing not to wear a mask are not helping reduce transmission of coronavirus

Offeddu, V., Yung, C. F., Low, M. S. F., & Tam, C. C. (2017). Effectiveness of Masks and Respirators Against Respiratory Infections in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 65(11), 1934–1942. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix681

Take away: Though not a guarantee of health, wearing masks reduces the number of respiratory infections compared to no/inconsistent mask wearing.

The claim: Masks are protective against clinical respiratory illness.

The evidence: The authors performed a meta-analysis of random controlled trials and observational studies examining mask use in health care workers. The results showed that wearing masks resulted in fewer infections compared to people without masks. These results agree with other publications (1, 2). One pre-print article which performed meta-analysis showed inconclusive results concerning the effectiveness of masks (3). Based on these meta-analyses, mask wearing results in fewer respiratory infections, though it will not prevent all infections when used as the sole protective measure.

Sources:

1) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32497510/

2) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27632416/

3) https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.30.20047217v2

ACTUAL DOCTOR WATCHES COVID PSEUDOSCIENCE VIDEO. (2020, September 15). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUDg5ossirU&feature=youtu.be

Herd immunity and COVID-19 (coronavirus): What you need to know. (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved September 18, 2020, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/herd-immunity-and-coronavirus/art-20486808

r/BehSciAsk—A comprehensive compliance model? (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved September 17, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciAsk/comments/itylzl/a_comprehensive_compliance_model/

Lewis, T. (n.d.). Nine COVID-19 Myths That Just Won’t Go Away. Scientific American. Retrieved September 11, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nine-covid-19-myths-that-just-wont-go-away/

Betsch, C., Korn, L., Sprengholz, P., Felgendreff, L., Eitze, S., Schmid, P., & Böhm, R. (2020). Social and behavioral consequences of mask policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(36), 21851–21853. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011674117

COVID-19. (n.d.). Retrieved September 7, 2020, from https://covid19.healthdata.org/united-states-of-america?view=total-deaths&tab=trend

Team, I. C.-19 F., & Hay, S. I. (2020). COVID-19 scenarios for the United States. MedRxiv, 2020.07.12.20151191. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.12.20151191

Sep 02, Thomson Reuters · Posted:, and 2020 4:32 PM ET | Last Updated: September 2. ‘Wear a Mask While Having Sex with Someone New, Canada’s Top Doctor Suggests | CBC News’. CBC, 2 September 2020. https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/wear-a-mask-while-having-sex-1.5709698.

Media, P. A. (2020, July 25). Deafblind woman and sister verbally abused for lifting mask on train. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/jul/24/deafblind-woman-and-sister-verbally-abused-for-lifting-mask-on-train

Carbon, C. C. (2020). Wearing face masks strongly confuses counterparts in reading emotions [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/x3uh6

Leffler, C., Ing, E., Lykins, J., Hogan, M., McKeown, C., & Grzybowski, A. (2020). Association of country-wide coronavirus mortality with demographics, testing, lockdowns, and public wearing of masks (Update June 15, 2020).

Peek, K. (n.d.). How to Use Masks during the Coronavirus Pandemic. Scientific American. Retrieved June 26, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-use-masks-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic/

correspondent, Hannah Devlin Science. ‘What Kind of Face Mask Best Protects against Coronavirus?’ The Guardian, 18 August 2020, sec. World news. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/18/what-kind-of-face-mask-best-protects-against-coronavirus-covid-19.

Liu, Y., Finch, B. K., Brenneke, S. G., Thomas, K., & Le, P. D. (2020). Perceived Discrimination and Mental Distress Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From the Understanding America Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.007

Virus transmission from urinals. (2020). Physics of Fluids, 32(8), 081703. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0021450

Salo, J. (2020, August 27). CDC study reveals evidence of COVID-19 spreading in airplanes. New York Post. https://nypost.com/2020/08/27/cdc-study-reveals-how-coronavirus-can-spread-in-airplanes/

Sir Anthony Seldon on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved September 2, 2020, from https://twitter.com/AnthonySeldon/status/1300355492783554561

Mats—COVIDDash.org on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved August 29, 2020, from https://twitter.com/nuanceORDEATH/status/1279144399897866248

6 feet may not always be enough distance to protect from COVID-19. (n.d.). NBC News. Retrieved August 28, 2020, from https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/6-feet-may-not-always-be-enough-distance-protect-covid-n1238083

Mitze, T., Kosfeld, R., Rode, J., & Wälde, K. (2020). Face Masks Considerably Reduce COVID-19 Cases in Germany: A Synthetic Control Method Approach. IZA Discussion Paper, 13319.

Widespread mask-wearing could prevent COVID-19 second waves: Study. (2020, June 10). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-masks-study-idUSKBN23G37V

Wang, X., Ferro, E. G., Zhou, G., Hashimoto, D., & Bhatt, D. L. (2020). Association Between Universal Masking in a Health Care System and SARS-CoV-2 Positivity Among Health Care Workers. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12897

Verma, S., Dhanak, M., & Frankenfield, J. (2020). Visualizing the effectiveness of face masks in obstructing respiratory jets. Physics of Fluids, 32(6), 061708. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0016018

Starbucks Cafe’s Covid Outbreak Spared Employees Who Wore Masks. (2020, August 25). Bloomberg.Com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-08-25/this-starbucks-in-south-korea-became-a-beacon-for-mask-wearing

Dr Nisreen Alwan 🌻 on Twitter: “There’s no randomised trial evidence for social distancing, hand washing or even testing & contact tracing on #COVID19 so why is it being demanded for masks? I’m for it in all enclosed public spaces (if you can). We need to smile a tiny bit wider though so it shows from our eyes. https://t.co/3J3FToWeud” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved July 16, 2020, from https://twitter.com/Dr2NisreenAlwan/status/1281961332963770368

Gandhi. M., Beyer. C., Goosby. E., (2020). Masks Do More Than Protect Others During COVID-19: Reducing the Inoculum of SARS-CoV-2 to Protect the Wearer. SpringerLink. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-020-06067-8

Kirkwood. I. (2020) HERE’S HOW #CDNTECH COMPANIES ARE PITCHING IN DURING COVID-19. Betakit. Retrieved from:https://betakit.com/heres-how-cdntech-companies-are-pitching-in-during-the-covid-19-outbreak/

Stutt, R. O. J. H., Retkute, R., Bradley, M., Gilligan, C. A., & Colvin, J. (2020). A modelling framework to assess the likely effectiveness of facemasks in combination with ‘lock-down’ in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 476(2238), 20200376. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0376

Liebst, Lasse Suonperä, and Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard. ‘Face-Touching as a Possible Correlate of Mask-Wearing: A Video Observational Study of Public Place Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic’. Preprint. PsyArXiv, 22 August 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/u6wcp.

Daas, Chantal den, Gill Hubbard, Marie Johnston, and Diane Dixon. ‘Protocol CHARIS Study’. Preprint. PsyArXiv, 19 August 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/jnxcu.

Mallapaty, S. (2020). How schools can reopen safely during the pandemic. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02403-4

Lewis, D. (2020). ‘We felt we had beaten it’: New Zealand’s race to eliminate the coronavirus again. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02402-5

5 myths about face masks under the microscope. (n.d.). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 12 August 2020, from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/08/coronavirus-face-masks-myths/

‘Coronavirus Cases Surge as France Goes “Wrong Way”’. BBC News, 11 August 2020, sec. Europe. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53745481.

AP NEWS. ‘Health Officials Are Quitting or Getting Fired amid Outbreak’, 10 August 2020. https://apnews.com/8ea3b3669bccf8a637b81f8261f1cd78.

Salvatore, C. M., Han, J.-Y., Acker, K. P., Tiwari, P., Jin, J., Brandler, M., Cangemi, C., Gordon, L., Parow, A., DiPace, J., & DeLaMora, P. (2020). Neonatal management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: An observation cohort study. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30235-2

Szablewski, C. M., Chang, K. T., Brown, M. M., Chu, V. T., Yousaf, A. R., Anyalechi, N., Aryee, P. A., Kirking, H. L., Lumsden, M., Mayweather, E., McDaniel, C. J., Montierth, R., Mohammed, A., Schwartz, N. G., Shah, J. A., Tate, J. E., Dirlikov, E., Drenzek, C., Lanzieri, T. M., & Stewart, R. J. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Infection Among Attendees of an Overnight Camp—Georgia, June 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(31). https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6931e1

correspondent, Hannah Devlin Science. ‘What Kind of Face Mask Best Protects against Coronavirus?’ The Guardian, 3 August 2020, sec. World news. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/03/what-kind-of-face-mask-best-protects-against-coronavirus-covid-19.

Payton, L. T. (2020, July 21). The Best Masks for Every Situation, According to Health Experts. Medium. https://elemental.medium.com/the-best-masks-for-every-situation-according-to-health-experts-80c068233828

Vuolo, M., Kelly, B. C., & Roscigno, V. (2020). COVID-19 Mask Requirements as a Workers’ Rights Issue: Parallels to Smoking Bans. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.07.001

Martin, G., Hanna, E., & Dingwall, R. (2020). Face masks for the public during Covid-19: An appeal for caution in policy [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/uyzxe

Marcus, E. N. (n.d.). Opinion | I’m a doctor in Miami. Here’s how I know Florida’s covid-19 outbreak won’t improve anytime soon. Washington Post. Retrieved July 23, 2020, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/07/21/im-doctor-miami-heres-how-i-know-floridas-covid-19-outbreak-wont-improve-anytime-soon/

How to make masks that everyone will want to wear. (2020, July 10). Science. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/07/how-to-make-coronavirus-masks-that-everyone-will-want-to-wear-cvd/

Inc, T. (n.d.). Independent SAGE @IndependentSage. Periscope. Retrieved July 17, 2020, from https://www.pscp.tv/IndependentSage/1lPKqLWLBeYxb

Ivers, Louise C., and Daniel J. Weitzner. ‘Can Digital Contact Tracing Make up for Lost Time?’ The Lancet Public Health 0, no. 0 (16 July 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30160-2.

Walawalkar, A. (2020, July 11). Boris Johnson urged to clarify message on wearing face masks in shops. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/11/boris-johnson-urged-to-clarify-message-on-wearing-face-masks-in-shops

Wishart, A. E. (2020). Towards equitable evolution & ecology learning online: A perspective from a first-time instructor teaching evolution during COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/8srv3

Schlosser, F., Maier, B. F., Hinrichs, D., Zachariae, A., & Brockmann, D. (2020). COVID-19 lockdown induces structural changes in mobility networks—Implication for mitigating disease dynamics. ArXiv:2007.01583 [Physics, q-Bio]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.01583

Wilson, C. (n.d.). What are face covering rules in England and why did the policy change? New Scientist. Retrieved July 15, 2020, from https://www.newscientist.com/article/2248820-what-are-face-covering-rules-in-england-and-why-did-the-policy-change/

Elgot, J., Stewart, H., & Dodd, V. (2020, July 13). Coronavirus: Shoppers in England must wear face masks from 24 July. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/13/face-masks-shops-england-24-july-boris-johnson

Betsch, C., Korn, L., Sprengholz, P., Felgendreff, L., Eitze, S., Schmid, P., & Böhm, R. (2020). Social and behavioral consequences of mask policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gn6c9

Freud, E., Stajduhar, A., Rosenbaum, R. S., Avidan, G., & Ganel, T. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic masks the way people perceive faces [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zjmr8

Seth Trueger on Twitter: “live now! join us for an #IMPACTfulChats event with advisors @MS_Martinez_MD interviewing 7 y/o Olivia Tyler who is helping get masks out to the the homeless in Chicago and beyond! @IMPACT4HC https://t.co/vEV9FVbf99” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved June 14, 2020, from https://twitter.com/mdaware/status/1260678311925157888

Fatfouta, R., & Oganian, Y. (2020). Bargaining under social distancing requirements: Effects of face masks on socio-economic decision-making in the COVID-19 pandemic [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/cn7by

Trisha Greenhalgh 😷 #BlackLivesMatter on Twitter: “Mask steaming up your glasses? Fix here. https://t.co/Yn3wf7remH” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved July 7, 2020, from https://twitter.com/trishgreenhalgh/status/1279413188367454209

Distancing rules relaxed for children in Scotland. (2020, July 2). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-53264974