452 Matching Annotations
  1. Feb 2024
    1. ◆ a row of ugly, squat houses *一排低矮難看的房子My edit:一排醜陋的違建;一排難看的違建 ★ squat houses 是「違建」,不是低矮的房子。

      蘇老師在此改掉錯誤理解 squat house 為「低矮的房子」,稱正解為「違建」,但我有不同看法如下。

      一、如果原例句中在ugly之後真如蘇老師所引述有一個逗號,那麼逗號後的squat根據文法必然是不折不扣的形容詞,意思就是低矮難看。經查,劍橋英英高階學習詞典的確在意爲「低矮難看」的形容詞squat詞項下給了這個例子,所以原翻譯「一排低矮難看的房子」是正確無誤的。

      二、假設我們看到的例子,ugly後沒有逗號:

      a row of ugly squat houses

      問題就來了,這樣寫,squat house視爲一個複合名詞(名詞+名詞)的機會更大,這裡名詞squat源自動詞squat(非法占用房屋)的意思,而squat house意思就是:被人非法占用的房屋。

      然而,理解為「違建」則是錯的。違建是建築物本身違法興建起來,但 squat house 本身除非特例,否則當爲合法的建築,只是恰被非法占用、占住,尤其在貧民區裡經常有遊民非法占用空置建築的情形。

      例如,以下找到某書中的 squat house 實際用例:有個人非法占住某間 squat house,被警察趕出。

      Blogpost

      結論:a row of ugly, squat houses 的確是「一排低矮難看的房子」,文法上不允許把「squat house」理解為「被占用的房子」,如果更進一步,不僅無視文法且誤解「squat」而誤解爲房子本身「違建」,那就該反省自己是否真的理解這句英文了!

  2. Jan 2024
    1. 建築的拱窗高大漆黑,窗旁石磚等距排列,延伸到牆邊。

      Tall dark arched windows, framed with stone bricks, punctuated the front wall, equidistant from each other.

      這裡,punctuate 是句子的及物動詞,動詞的主詞是拱窗,不是石磚。

      是拱窗點綴前牆,不是石磚延伸到牆。 是拱窗彼此間等距,不是石磚等距排列。

      如要描述石磚,punctuated 會寫成 punctuating。

  3. Dec 2023
  4. Nov 2023
    1. 剛剛 在 一英英字典裡 看到 這個例句, 我很是納悶.We're dealing wiht decades of bad decisions that are coming back to roost now.一般來說, 若我要翻譯, 看到of我會由後往前翻, 但這裡的 decades of bad decisions 若這樣翻, 會很奇怪. 所以 來請教大家.

      這應該是填鴨式教育(rote learning)的遺害吧?看到「of」就自動由後往前翻,分明就是不問理由,只被教導要這樣做、這樣解題,我彷彿可以聽到某某國中英語老師或某補習班名師如此耳提面命:

      看到 A of B,意思就是 (屬於)B 的 A B 要先翻出來 不要問爲什麼,老師是教你如何秒殺 OF 介系詞。

      This is a doozy of an example of rote learning. 這是最棒的一個填鴨式教育的範例。

    1. They only will see

      "People won't see your struggles. They only will see your success."

      Actually, I will place "only" only before "your success". No other position is precise enough.

      這裡的only,我只會放在 your success 前面,因它修飾的對象是名詞 your success,不是 people,不是 will,也不是 see。

    1. dverbial: Any structure (word, phrase, or clause) that functions as a modifier ofa verb and fills the role of an adverb.

      根據CamGEL的定義: adverbial 是 function (功能) adverb 是 category (詞類)

    1. Participants were asked to listen to 40 short English speech samples, half of which contained grammatical errors against articles (e.g., a/an, the).

      Only grammatical articles of English (the, a/an) are used for measurement in this study. While valid, it's a rather small (though important) subset of grammar. (note using Hypothesis)

      2nd para added (testing 3-min auto sync)

  5. Oct 2023
    1. In this book, grammar refers to the manner in which the language functions, the ways that the blocks of speech and writing are put together. Usage refers to using specific words in a manner that will be thought of as either acceptable or unacceptable. The question of whether or not to split an infinitive is a consideration of grammar; the question of whether one should use literally in a nonliteral sense is one of usage."
    1. Is there a list of every possibility a Latin verb can take on, and it's English meaning? .t3_17hvr75._2FCtq-QzlfuN-SwVMUZMM3 { --postTitle-VisitedLinkColor: #9b9b9b; --postTitleLink-VisitedLinkColor: #9b9b9b; --postBodyLink-VisitedLinkColor: #989898; }

      I've not used Mango before, but if it's like other similar apps (Duolingo, Babel, etc.) which focus primarily on spoken language and general understanding over grammar (and you've never learned other languages or had a good grounding in grammar) you're likely going to be a tad lost. These apps usually focus on spoken fluency over reading/writing which is how most Latin grammar books and high school/college courses are traditionally laid out.

      You've got options:

      • ignore your question(s) and move on with what the app presents and you'll slowly/eventually catch on naturally, which is how many apps geared toward fluency are meant to be done. Trust that eventually your questions will be cleared up, or
      • pick up a Latin grammar and begin working your way through the structured reading/writing approach, or
      • do a little of both approaches depending on what your focus for reading, writing, and speaking Latin may be.

      Your question will become much clearer to you when you've seen how verbs are parsed within a grammar textbook (using person, number, and tense) as they're very logically and rigidly structured outside of a handful of irregular verbs. (Most books present these as a grid of two columns (by number: singular/plural) and three rows (first, second, third person).) As a beginner, you'll be glad to know there hasn't been a huge jump in the state of the art in Latin for several hundred years, so even inexpensive, used copies of Wheelock, Allen & Greenough, or Jenny/Scudder/Baade or a trip to the library for one of them should help you along your way. Once you've seen some of the grammatical structure of verbs and how they work, you'll come to understand that a list like what you're looking for isn't really what you're looking for.

      You could, likely, in a couple of days have a rote memorization of most of the forms of almost all verbs such that when you encounter them, but in practice this means that you have to pick each one apart like a formula as you encounter them. You may be better off practicing/drilling each of the ones you encounter to make it an elemental part of you. This way you'll be able to sight read or listen and respond much more quickly and much faster than anyone who learns from standard grammars.

      Good luck!

    1. Motherese is not grammatically simple. That impression is an illusion; grammar is so instinctive thatwe do not appreciate which constructions are complex, until we try to work out the rules behindthem. Motherese is riddled with questions containing who, what, and where, which are among themost complicated constructions in English

      Interesting point, that makes sense when you think about it. I do consider them myself, but only because of extensive exposure to relevant theory and some practice.

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    1. At the time of the publication of Aspects of the Theory of Syntax it seemed that all of the semantically relevant parts of the sentence, all the things that determine its meaning, were contained in the deep structure of the sentence. The examples we mentioned above fit in nicely with this view. “I like her cooking” has different meanings because it has different deep structures though only one surface structure; “The boy will read the book” and “The book will be read by the boy” have different surface structures, but one and the same deep structure, hence they have the same meaning.

      This section helped me understand a key feature

  6. Aug 2023
    1. I am also considering to pursue a PhD in “Machine Learning & Data Analytics for IoT” based on my learnings from the MSc in Analytics.

      I am also considering pursuing a PhD in “Machine Learning & Data Analytics for IoT” based on my learnings from the MSc in Analytics.

    2. After graduation, I look forward to becoming an analytics expert and take up data scientist roles and continue to research further to the field of data sciences.

      After graduation, I look forward to becoming an analytics expert, taking up data scientist roles, and continuing to research further in the field of data sciences.

    3. The UChicago’s vast and in-depth curriculum across analytics verticals acts as a true differentiator from other universities.

      UChicago's vast and in-depth curriculum across analytics verticals acts as a true differentiator from other universities.

    4. The research and patents of Professor Anil D. Chaturvedi continue to inspire me to further continue working on this and research in on Marketing Analytics.

      The research and patents of Professor Anil D. Chaturvedi continue to inspire me to further continue working on this and conduct research in Marketing Analytics.

    5. We have filed a patent5,6 on this initiative with Intellectual Property India and completing PCT filing with World Intellectual Property Organization.

      We have filed a patent5,6 on this initiative with Intellectual Property India and are completing PCT filing with the World Intellectual Property Organization.

    6. Our device encompasses advanced technologies4 to accomplish this.

      Our device uses advanced technologies4 to accomplish this.

    7. We employ IoT3 to collect various data-points from every garbage bins in an area and help save costs by optimizing collection routes between overflowing bins.

      We employ IoT3 to collect various data-points from every garbage bin in an area and help save costs by optimizing collection routes between overflowing bins.

    8. As a graduate student at University of Chicago, I would continue learning essential management concepts and grow as a leader through capstone projects, corporate projects and aligned course as well as learn more about NLP courses from courses like “Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Cognitive”.

      As a graduate student at the University of Chicago, I will continue learning essential management concepts and grow as a leader through capstone projects, corporate projects, and aligned courses. I will also learn more about NLP from courses like "Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Cognitive".

    9. My work also involves project management and understanding and working with cross-functional technology and business teams while managing stringent timelines.

      My work also involves project management, understanding, and working with cross-functional technology and business teams while managing stringent timelines.

    10. If I had a deeper knowledge of NLP techniques, I could improve this bot extensively to even handle complex queries and also take up transactions like payments and change of subscription packages.

      If I had a deeper knowledge of NLP techniques, I could improve this bot significantly to handle complex queries and manage transactions such as payments and changes to subscription packages.

    11. I recently developed a conversational chatbot which handles FAQ based queries for one of the USA’s largest direct broadcast satellite service provider.

      I recently developed a conversational chatbot that handles FAQ-based queries for one of the USA's largest direct broadcast satellite service providers.

    12. Along with this, I am currently exploring other segments, where we focus on utilizing chatbots for conversations and hence further bring down the operation cost.

      Along with this, I am currently exploring other segments where we focus on utilizing chatbots for conversations, thereby further reducing operational costs.

    13. As a part of the Data Sciences group, we design models which identify customers who need assistance with their purchase, hence improving customer’s experience, engagement and conversions while lowering operational cost.

      As a part of the Data Sciences group, we design models that identify customers who need assistance with their purchases, thereby improving customers' experiences, engagement, and conversions while lowering operational costs.

    14. This then led our client change the way they market to customers across both e-commerce and walk-in stores.

      This then led our client to change the way they market to customers across both e-commerce and walk-in stores.

    15. A particularly edifying experience was when I was leading a team working on an important marketing analytics assignment for one of world’s largest retailer’s ecommerce business.

      A particularly edifying experience was when I was leading a team working on an important marketing analytics assignment for one of the world’s largest retailers' ecommerce business.

    16. I secured the highest score in my school for Computer Science and this lead me further to my under-graduation in Information Science engineering in 2010.

      I secured the highest score in my school for Computer Science, which led me to pursue my undergraduate degree in Information Science Engineering in 2010.

    17. While I always loved solving probability and statistics questions during my high school, I also developed a niche for technology when my computer science teacher used to challenge me to solve using difficult programming questions like Adaptive quiz system, library management system, and Sudoku solver.

      While I always loved solving probability and statistics questions in high school, I also developed a niche for technology when my computer science teacher used to challenge me with difficult programming tasks like creating an Adaptive Quiz System, Library Management System, and Sudoku Solver.

    18. While I always loved solving probability and statistics questions during my high school, I also developed a niche for technology when my computer science teacher used to challenge me to solve using difficult programming questions like Adaptive quiz system, library management system, and Sudoku solver.

      While I always loved solving probability and statistics questions in high school, I also developed a niche for technology when my computer science teacher used to challenge me with difficult programming tasks like creating an Adaptive Quiz System, Library Management System, and Sudoku Solver.

    19. While I always loved solving probability and statistics questions during my high school, I also developed a niche for technology when my computer science teacher used to challenge me to solve using difficult programming questions like Adaptive quiz system, library management system, and Sudoku solver.

      While I always loved solving probability and statistics questions in high school, I also developed a niche for technology when my computer science teacher used to challenge me with difficult programming tasks like creating an Adaptive Quiz System, Library Management System, and Sudoku Solver.

    20. While I always loved solving probability and statistics questions during my high school, I also developed a niche for technology when my computer science teacher used to challenge me to solve using difficult programming questions like Adaptive quiz system, library management system, and Sudoku solver.

      While I always loved solving probability and statistics questions in high school, I also developed a niche for technology when my computer science teacher used to challenge me with difficult programming tasks like creating an Adaptive Quiz System, Library Management System, and Sudoku Solver.

    21. This then led our client change the way they market to customers across both e-commerce and walk-in stores.

      This then led our client to change the way they market to customers across both e-commerce and walk-in stores.

    22. A particularly edifying experience was when I was leading a team working on an important marketing analytics assignment for one of world’s largest retailer’s ecommerce business.

      A particularly edifying experience was when I was leading a team working on an important marketing analytics assignment for one of the world’s largest retailers' ecommerce business.

    23. I secured the highest score in my school for Computer Science and this lead me further to my under-graduation in Information Science engineering in 2010.

      I secured the highest score in my school for Computer Science, which led me to pursue my undergraduate degree in Information Science Engineering in 2010.

    24. While I always loved solving probability and statistics questions during my high school, I also developed a niche for technology when my computer science teacher used to challenge me to solve using difficult programming questions like Adaptive quiz system, library management system, and Sudoku solver.

      While I always loved solving probability and statistics questions in high school, I also developed a niche for technology when my computer science teacher used to challenge me with difficult programming tasks like creating an Adaptive Quiz System, Library Management System, and Sudoku Solver.

  7. Jun 2023
  8. Apr 2023
    1. The first Mr. DRILLER game for the Nintendo Switch™ featuring updated graphics and HD cutscenes!

      Ambiguous. Missing a comma before "featuring"?

  9. Mar 2023
    1. "Built in to" appears when you use the phrasal verb "build in" followed by an infinitive, but that is not what you are trying to do in your sentence.There's an electronic switch built in to stop all data transfers.
  10. Feb 2023
  11. Jan 2023
    1. Collaborates with apercentage teachers

      A percentage of teachers?

    1. Nice try, but it's still full of exceptions. To make the above jingle accurate, it'd need to be something like: I before e, except after c Or when sounded as 'a' as in 'neighbor' and 'weigh' Unless the 'c' is part of a 'sh' sound as in 'glacier' Or it appears in comparatives and superlatives like 'fancier' And also except when the vowels are sounded as 'e' as in 'seize' Or 'i' as in 'height' Or also in '-ing' inflections ending in '-e' as in 'cueing' Or in compound words as in 'albeit' Or occasionally in technical words with strong etymological links to their parent languages as in 'cuneiform' Or in other numerous and random exceptions such as 'science', 'forfeit', and 'weird'.
  12. Dec 2022
  13. Nov 2022
  14. Oct 2022
    1. grammar Parser { rule TOP { I <love> <lang> } token love { '♥' | love } token lang { < Raku Perl Rust Go Python Ruby > } } say Parser.parse: 'I ♥ Raku'; # OUTPUT: 「I ♥ Raku」 love => 「♥」 lang => 「Raku」 say Parser.parse: 'I love Perl'; # OUTPUT: 「I love Perl」 love => 「love」 lang => 「Perl」
    2. Definable grammars for pattern matching and generalized string processing

      annotation meta: may need new tag: "definable __"?

    1. Rhetoric should be taken at aboutfourteen, the first category of pupil should study Grammar from about nineto eleven, and Dialectic from twelve to fourteen;

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    1. Machines understand languages, that are formal and rigid, with unique and unambiguous instructions that are interpreted in precisely one way. Those formal, abstract languages, and programming languages in general, are hard to understand for humans like ourselves. Primarily, they are tailored towards the requirements of the machine. The user is therefore forced to adapt to the complexity of the formal language.

      .

    2. Instead of forcing humans to understand the complex inner workings of machines, we should construct machines in a way, so they better understand us humans!

      .

  15. Sep 2022
  16. Aug 2022
    1. The most challenging theoretical problem in linguistics is that of discoveringthe principles of universal grammar that interweave with the rules of particulargrammars to provide explanations for phenomena that appear arbitrary andchaotic.
    2. I use the asterisk in the conventional way, to indicate a sentence that deviates in some respectfrom grammatical rule.
    3. In practice, the linguist is always involved in the study of both universal andparticular grammar.
    4. The death-knell of philosophical grammar was soundedwith the remarkable successes of comparative Indo-European studies, whichsurely rank among the outstanding achievements of nineteenth-century science.
    5. such major figures of renaissancegrammar as the Spanish scholar Sanctius. Sanctius, in particular, had developeda theory of ellipsis that had great influence on philosophical grammar.
    6. It seems that one of the innovations of the Port-RoyalGrammar of 1660 – the work that initiated the tradition of philosophical gram-mar – was its recognition of the importance of the notion of the phrase as agrammatical unit.
    7. the Port-RoyalGrammar and Logic,
    8. Leonard Bloom-field gives an account of philosophical grammar in his major work, Language,
  17. Jul 2022
    1. there has been a tendency in popular discussion to confuse “deep structure”with “generative grammar” or with “universal grammar.” And a number of pro-fessional linguists have repeatedly confused what I refer to here as “the creativeaspect of language use” with the recursive property of generative grammars, avery different matter.

      Noam Chomsky felt that there was a tendency for people to confuse the ideas of deep structure with the ideas of either generative grammar or universal grammar. He also thought that professional linguists confused what he called "the creative aspect of language use" with the recursive property of generative grammars.

  18. May 2022
  19. Apr 2022
    1. In most cases, you need not use a comma before too at the end of a sentence or commas around it midsentence:

      Interesting

  20. Mar 2022
    1. Capitalization conveys a certain distinction, the elevated position of humans and their creations in the hierarchy of beings. Biologists have widely adopted the convention of not capital-izing the common names of plants and animals unless they include the name of a human being or an official place name. Thus, the first blossoms of the spring woods are written as bloodroot and the pink star of a California woodland is Kellogg’s tiger lily. This seemingly trivial grammatical rulemaking in fact expresses deeply held assump-tions about human exceptionalism, that we are somehow different and indeed better than the other species who surround us. Indigenous ways of understanding recognize the personhood of all beings as equally important, not in a hierarchy but a circle.

      Rules for capitalization in English give humans elevated hierarchical positions over animals, plants, insects, and other living things. We should revise this thinking and capitalize words like Maple, Heron, and Mosquito when we talking of beings and only use only use the lower case when referring to broad categories or concepts like maples, herons, and humans.

  21. Feb 2022
    1. ut

      purpose clause

    2. eo minus

      adverbial - "that much less", "because of that...less"

    3. pluris esse a Syracusanis istius adventu deos quam victoria Marcelli homines desideratos

      pluris...quam sets up a comparison between deos and homines desideratos

    4. habetote

      2nd person plural imperative - "think of it this way," "understand the situation this way"

    5. esto

      archaic imperative - "let it be so," "granted"

    6. honestius

      comparative neuter singular adjective: "a more respectable thing"

    7. dictu

      supine form - "unbelievable to say/in saying"

    8. ornamento urbi

      double dative - ornamento is a dative of purpose, urbi a dative of advantage

    9. victoriae
    10. periculi nihil

      periculi is a partitive genitive with nihil: no amount of danger

  22. Jan 2022
    1. qui

      adverbial - =quo or quomodo

    2. plurimum valet

      internal accusative - plurimum "the most", "to the greatest degree"

    3. tam servi illi dominorum quam tu libidinum

      tam...quam are correlatives, "as...as" (comparing dominorum with libidinum)

    4. Venit enim mihi fani, loci, religionis illius in mentem

      venit in mentem + gen

      With gen. (so mostly in Cic.): non minus saepe ei venit in mentem potestatis, quam aequitatis tuae, he bethought himself of, Cic. Quint. 2, 6: tibi tuarum virtutum veniat in mentem, id. de Or. 2, 61, 249: venit mihi Platonis in mentem, id. Fin. 5, 1, 2: solet mihi in mentem venire illius temporis, id. Fam. 7, 3, 1.—

    5. ad muliebrem vestem conficiendam

      gerundive expressing purpose - muliebrem vestem is the object

    6. infitiandi

      gerund, active in voice infitior, ari - to deny

    7. classe quondam Masinissae regis ad eum locum adpulsa

      ablative absolute

    8. quo

      antecedent is Eo [loco]

    9. in iis praesertim sacris polluendis

      polluendis is a gerund-replacing gerundive which takes iis sacris as its object, it's active in voice

    10. sacrari spoliandi

      spoliandi is a gerund-replacing gerundive, so it's active in meaning and takes sacrari as its object

    11. ad spoliandum fanum

      passive periphrastic (like Carthago delenda est)

    12. ne ornandi quidem causa

      ne...quidem: even ornandi is a gerund (active verbal noun) causa takes a genitive before it: "for the sake of ___"

    13. auxilio

      double dative with tibi - tibi is the dative of advantage, auxilio the dative of purpose

    14. quanti

      genitive of value/price

    15. faciendum est? num argumentis utendum in re eius modi? Quaerendum

      faciendum, utendum, and quaerendum are all passive periphrastic uses of the gerundive (like "Carthago delenda est")

    16. quod ubique erit pulcherrimum auferet

      note the tense

    17. Facilius enim perspicietur qualis apud eos fueris qui te oderunt, qui accusant, qui persequuntur, cum apud tuos Mamertinos inveniare improbissima ratione esse praedatus.

      Facilius enim perspicietur

      • qualis apud eos fueris
      • __qui te oderunt, qui accusant, qui persequuntur,
      • __cum [apud tuos Mamertinos] inveniare improbissima ratione esse praedatus.

      <br><br> inveniare is a second person singular passive subjunctive form.

    1. For centuries the standard work on Latin grammar was the 12th- century Doctrinale, by Alexander of Villedieu, in 2,000 lines of doggerel. Versified rules were easier to remember, though their crudity appalled Aldus Manutius when he reprinted this work in 1501.

      Alexander de Villedieu's Latin grammer Doctrinale from the 12th century was the standard work on the subject. Its 2,000 lines of doggerel were used as a mnemonic device because they were easier to remember. Famed publisher Aldus Manutius was appalled at their crude nature when he reprinted the book in 1501.

    1. 在寫論文時才會發現自己有很多容易忽略的小錯誤,例如單複數、主謂一致等,明白自己在語句結構上有許多需要加強的地方。

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  23. Dec 2021
    1. sigilla perparvula

      diminutives of signum and parvus

    2. Horam

      accusative of extent of time

    3. convulsis repagulis ecfractisque valvis

      ablative absolute<br> convulsus - shaken, torn apart<br> repagula, -ae - bolt<br> valva, -ae - door

    4. duce Timarchide

      ablative absolute

    5. attritius

      comparative neuter singular adjective - "more" or "rather" attritum

    6. non tam multum in istis rebus intellego quam multa vidi

      tam and quam are correlatives: "as as_"

    7. deportatum

      i.e., publicae litterae sunt in quas dicitur...

    8. commodaturum

      commodo, -are - to lend future active participle (esse implied makes it a future infinitive)

    9. conarere

      2nd person singular deponent imperfect subjunctive

    10. praesidi nihil esse

      praesidi is a partitive genitive here - "nothing of/no amount of praesidium" = no praesidium

    11. utrum

      introduces an either/or question (an is or)

    12. Quo cruciatu sit adfectus

      indirect question

    13. cum domi nobilem tum summo magistratu praeditum

      cum - tum are correlatives, "not only - but also"

    14. minatur

      deponent

    15. Carthagine capta

      ablative absolute

    16. ut urbi quoque esset ornamento

      result clause containing a double dative - urbi (dative of advantage) and ornamento (dative of purpose)

    17. potius incipiam quam

      potius is a comparative adverb ("rather") with quam ("than")

    18. quo pacto distinguere ac separare possim

      indirect question

    19. caederet

      potential subjunctive

    20. fore

      = futurum esse

    21. Quod cum illis qui aderant indignum, qui audiebant incredibile videretur

      i.e. "quod indignum videretur illis

      • qui aderant, [et illis]
      • qui audiebant <br>incredibile videretur...
    22. defensor

      defensor [postulat]

    23. ne sit

      jussive subjunctive

    24. desinat queri

      desinat = jussive subjunctive queri = deponent infinitive

    25. iudici

      iudex, iudicis

    26. plurimum posse

      internal accusative - "can do the most" or "has the most power"

    27. arbitrabere

      second person future passive/deponent

    28. Carthagine deleta

      ablative absolute

    29. recuperarint

      =recuperaverint (perfect subjunctive)

    30. demoliendum et asportandum nomenque omnino P. Scipionis delendum tollendumque

      future passive participles, i.e. gerundives in a passive periphrastic (think "Carthago delenda est")

    31. patieris

      future deponent patior, pati, pativi, passus: to allow

    32. relinques aut deseres

      future indicative

    33. tuebitur

      deponent tueor, tueri: to keep safe, protect

    1. Form the possessive singular of nouns with 's.   Follow this rule whatever the final consonant. Thus write,   Charles's friend Burns's poems the witch's malice

      Possessive singular ends with 's, excerpt for ancient possessive proper names in -es and -is, Jesus', and "such forms as"(*?) righteousness' and consciousness'. Another is "Achilles' heel" (for the sake of equation let's use R' for Achilles'(/possessor noun) and D for heel(/possessed noun)). Typically "R' D" is replaced by "D of R" i.e. the heel of Achilles, for the sake of consciousness, etc.

      *Presumably a noun, not necessarily abstract though perhaps, ending with a "s" sound.

    2. This is the usage of the United States Government Printing Office and of the Oxford University Press.   Exceptions are the possessives of ancient proper names in -es and -is, the possessive Jesus', and such forms as for conscience' sake, for righteousness' sake. But such forms as Achilles' heel, Moses' laws, Isis' temple are commonly replaced by   the heel of Achilles the laws of Moses the temple of Isis  The pronominal possessives hers, its, theirs, yours, and oneself have no apostrophe.

      The pronominal possessives hers, yours, theirs, its, and oneself have no apostrophe.

  24. Nov 2021
    1. penditote.

      an archaic form of the second person imperative of pendo, pendere

    1. In one particularly ingenious entry, she explains the demise of the full stop (or, in American English, the “period”). If you have ever wondered why putting such once-crucial punctation in emails, phone messages or tweets now feels so awkward, here is the answer: “The period can feel so emphatic as to sound sarcastic, the internet’s version of ‘puh-leeze’ and ‘no, thank you’ and ‘srsly’ rolled into one tiny dot.” It can easily come across as passive-aggressive. Exclamation marks, moreover, “now convey warmth and sincerity”; failing to use them runs the risk of making the person you are messaging feel uncertain and anxious.
  25. Oct 2021
    1. with low

      with a low

    2. &

      and

    3. NFT’s

      NFTs. Apostrophe is used to denote ownership and not necessary here

    4. Lets

      let's

    5. left over

      I'd prefer using 'leftover' instead if using before the word tickets

    6. &

      and

    7. Lets

      should be let's. see above

    8. ChainMyth

      for consistency, should stick with 'Chain Myth' (keep the space)

    9. &

      and instead of &

    10. Lets

      I would use Let's

      Let's = let us Lets = to allow

    11. ‘Chain Myth’

      no need for the quotation marks

    12. carryout

      would suggest 'carry out' instead

    13. royalties

      I would add a comma after royalties

    14. &

      for consistency we should use 'and' instead of &

  26. Sep 2021
    1. In 2014, the Usage Panel overwhelmingly preferred the traditional pronunciation for asterisk, although 24 percent found the asterix pronunciation acceptable and 19 percent found asterick acceptable. A mere 7 percent personally preferred the asterix pronunciation, and only 6 percent preferred the asterick one.
    1. Let's look at a concrete example before going deeper. Consider someone who calls himself Cookie Monster. Saying that he is a cookie monster conveys the idea that there is a group of entities that are each called cookie monster, and he is one of them. Saying that he is the cookie monster conveys either that the 'group' of entities really has only one member (him), or that he is the most outstanding member of the group. In each case, the focus is on some kind of classification scheme. Saying that he is cookie monster says something about him personally - he really enjoys cookies, eat them messily, etc.
    2. In the first example, Doctor is being used as the name of the person; the doctor is more of a descriptive phrase. It's short for Doctor <his name>. tend bar is a set phrase, it's a synonym for being a bartender. It's also similar to the way other people describe their work: a mailman could say I deliver mail, a programmer would say I write code, a garbageman would say I collect garbage, and a composer would say I write music. These are all using the noun to refer to the general concept, rather than any specific item, so no article is needed. You would add an article when you need to be specific, e.g. I write the music in TV commercials. ShareShare a link to this answer (Includes your user id)Copy linkCC BY-SA 3.0 Edit Follow Follow this answer to receive notifications answered Apr 15 '15 at 21:18 BarmarBarmar 15.2k11 gold badge2525 silver badges4242 bronze badges 13 3 Your examples suggest bar is a mass noun, but I don't believe it functions as such— the entire phrase refers to an activity. It's more like saying I play ball than I write music. – choster Apr 15 '15 at 21:25 @choster There are varying degrees of cohesiveness in these verb + noun strings. They're very hard to categorise accurately. – Edwin Ashworth Jan 20 '18 at 0:40 @EdwinAshworth True. My last example would be perfectly fine if it were I write music in TV commercials and a mailman could say I deliver the mail. – Barmar Jan 20 '18 at 0:42 And we've had the 'He's in hospital / *'He's in infirmary' / 'He's in theatre' / *'He's in ward' kerfuffle. – Edwin Ashworth Jan 20 '18 at 0:57 @EdwinAshworth Those are also AmEn vs BrEn differences. We don't say "in hospital" here in America. – Barmar Jan 20 '18 at 1:00
  27. Aug 2021
  28. Jul 2021
    1. En dashes, which are about the width of an upper-case N, are often mistaken for hyphens. But, traditionally, en dashes function as a kind of super hyphen. They’re meant to give you a little extra glue when you have a compound modifier that includes a multi-word element that can’t easily be hyphenated. For example, the phrase Elvis Presley–style dance moves uses an en dash because Elvis-Presley-style dance moves is awkward; “Elvis Presley” isn’t a compound modifier, so hyphenating it looks odd. But, keep in mind, not all readers will notice en dashes or understand what they mean. Sometimes, it’s better to simply reword the phrase. Elvis Presley–style dance moves or: dance moves like Elvis Presley’s pre–World War II buildings or: buildings constructed before World War II En dashes are also used to show ranges of numbers, such as times, page numbers, or scores (I’ll schedule you from 4:30–5:00). But, outside of formal printed publications, this type of en dash is commonly replaced with a simple hyphen.
  29. Apr 2021
    1. Sentence joining with Coach and his assistant Coach

      Sentence variety lessons

  30. Mar 2021
    1. BASIC GRAMMAR

      Xále (boy) bi (the) Wolof (wolof). The boy is Wolof.

      Jigéen (woman) ji (the) déf (be) féébar (sick). The woman is sick.

      Xále (noun) bi (article) Wolof (noun). The boy is Wolof.

      Jigéen (noun) ji (article) déf (verb) féébar (adjective). The woman is sick.

      Xále bi (subject) Wolof (object). The boy is Wolof.

      Jigéen ji (subject) déf (verb) féébar (object). The woman is sick.

  31. Feb 2021
    1. A good trick to remember on to vs. onto is to mentally say “up” before on in a sentence. If it still makes sense, then onto is probably the correct choice.
    1. In that film, he replaced Kevin Spacey in the role of J. Paul Getty after Spacey had an #MeToo downfall.

      apparently the # predicates the use of an instead of a? I'll have to look this up in some style guides. It sounds awkward to say.

  32. Dec 2020
    1. Include articles, such as the. Articles help readers and translation software identify the nouns and modifiers in a sentence. Examples Empty the container. The empty container
  33. Nov 2020
    1. Keep sentences small. They’re easier to work with that way.If something doesn’t feel right, there’s a problem with one or more of your sentences. Listen to that feeling. Try to pinpoint exactly which word or phrase is triggering it. Naming exactly what’s wrong, in grammatical terminology or otherwise, will come later.Understanding a word’s etymology will teach you how to use it. Words contain imprints of their histories.The subject of a sentence should appear as close to the beginning of a sentence as possible.You don’t have to “grab” anyone with the first line of your story. Just write a simple sentence that says what you want it to say. It’s harder than it sounds! And also very effective, if done well.“A writer’s real work is the endless winnowing of sentences, the relentless exploration of possibilities, the effort, over and over again, to see in what you started out to say the possibility of saying something you didn’t know you could.”Noun phrases (“the realization that…”) almost always sound clunky and dead. Try rewriting them as verb phrases (“realizing that…”).Prepositions are difficult to get right, even for native English speakers.A reader’s experience has nothing to do with a writer’s. A sentence that reads “naturally” or “conversationally” to a reader may have been painstakingly assembled by a stressed-out writer who wishes they could sound more natural or conversational.

      How to write more effectively:

      • Keep sentences small. They’re easier to work with that way.

      • If something doesn’t feel right, there’s a problem with one or more of your sentences. Listen to that feeling. Try to pinpoint exactly which word or phrase is triggering it. Naming exactly what’s wrong, in grammatical terminology or otherwise, will come later.

      • Understanding a word’s etymology will teach you how to use it. Words contain imprints of their histories.

      • The subject of a sentence should appear as close to the beginning of a sentence as possible.

      • You don’t have to “grab” anyone with the first line of your story. Just write a simple sentence that says what you want it to say. It’s harder than it sounds! And also very effective, if done well.

      • “A writer’s real work is the endless winnowing of sentences, the relentless exploration of possibilities, the effort, over and over again, to see in what you started out to say the possibility of saying something you didn’t know you could.”

      • Noun phrases (“the realization that…”) almost always sound clunky and dead. Try rewriting them as verb phrases (“realizing that…”).

      • Prepositions are difficult to get right, even for native English speakers.

      • A reader’s experience has nothing to do with a writer’s. A sentence that reads “naturally” or “conversationally” to a reader may have been painstakingly assembled by a stressed-out writer who wishes they could sound more natural or conversational.

    1. The easy way to tell if you need who or whom is to substitute it for he or him and see which one makes sense.

      Yep, that's the trick that I use too :)