All Western philosophy, Whitehead once remarked, is but "a footnote to Plato";and the later Greeks themselves had a saying: "Everywhere Igo in my head, I meet Plato coming back."

The safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato . I do not mean thesystematic scheme of thought which scholars have doubtfully extractedfrom his writings . I allude to the wealth of general ideas scattered throughthem . His personal endowments, his wide opportunities for experience ata great period of civilization, h is inheritance of an intellectual traditionnot yet stiffened by excessive systematization, have made h is writings t aninexhaustible mine of suggestion

*For a more elaborate description of the structure and uses of the Syntopicon, see the PossibleApproaches to This Set in this volume (pp. 85-89) and the Preface to the Syntopicon (Vol.II, pp. xi-xxxi).

Even when reading a book,the goal-oriented nature and intention of reading is paramount.6

IntertextsAs Jonathan Culler writes: “Liter-ary works are not to be consideredautonomous entities, ‘organicwholes,’ but as intertextual con-structs: sequences which havemeaning in relation to other textswhich they take up, cite, parody,refute, or generally transform.” ThePursuit of Signs (Ithaca, NY: CornelUniversity Press, 1981), 38.

Forms w e d in footnote citations. The following formsare in standard use in footnote citations: id. (idem, thesame), meaning by the same author as the book last cited;ibid. (ibidem, in the same place), meaning in the same bookas the one last cited; op. cit. (opere citato, in the workcited), meaning in the author’s work cited in an earlier, butnot immediately preceding, footnote in the same chapter; Zoc.cit. (loco citato, in the place cited), meaning the author’sarticle in the periodical or review previously cited in thesame chapter; cf. (confer, compare), meaning compare thestatement in the text with the one cited in the footnote eon-cerned; supra (above) and infra (below) or ante (before)and post (after), used to cite passages earlier or later inthe book or article itself; passim (scattered), sometimesused instead of exact citations when references to the sub-ject are scattered freely through a work; et seq. ( a t sequen-tee, and following), meaning on the several successive pagesfollowing the one cited, but the English abbreviation, ff.(following) is more commonly used instead. In the last twocases, however, it is preferable to give the exact page cita-tions instead of the vague reference.

There are standard fourth-, fifth- and sixth-order reference marks, too: they are the section mark (§), parallels (||), and number sign (#), after which the cycle repeats with doubles, triples, and so on: *, †, ‡, §, ||, #, **, ††, ‡‡, §§, ||||, ###, ***, †††, ‡‡‡, etc. Beyond three, numbered footnotes are always preferable, even if you are David Foster Wallace.

NOTES AND REFERENCES

If you’re looking for a more precise answer of how much content to capture inyour notes, I recommend no more than 10 percent of the original source, atmost. Any more than that, and it will be too difficult to wade through all thematerial in the future. Conveniently, 10 percent also happens to be the limitthat most ebooks allow you to export as highlights.

Dots and lines are particularly common ingredients of such footnote symbols. Interestingly, their first appearance is not as a connector of comment and text, but as an insertion mark that added an omitted line into the text.

Connecting a marginal remark to the relevant passage in the text was usually done with a duplicated symbol, called a signe de renvoi: one was placed in front of the marginal note, the other near the word or passage that the remark commented upon.

http://bkaprt.com/dcb/02-33/

1

Footnotes and bibliographiesbeing the expression of democracy in the tex

1

1

The safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradi- tion is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato

Specifically, we use data collectedby the ICLab platform [28] to detect censorship and generate con-straints. This enables us to identify the networks performing suchcensorship at a global scale. Conceptually, our techniques could beapplied to other platforms such as OONI [15] as well

Without diminishing the need for further analysis of those scenarios, it is also imperative that digital rights activists develop a deeper understanding of the positive role that the Internet plays to facilitate the freedom of thought, conscience, and religion to better understand how network disruptions impact these activities. This could lead to strategies where new and important actors fight against network disruptions.

State

If we’re trying to help undergraduate writers enter the scholarly discourse, let’s allow their writing to look even more like academic writing.

Why, then, aren’t we teaching first-year undergraduate writers to use footnotes?

features