for - evolutionary biology - human culture - why it is dominant - openendedness

summary - the claim of this paper is that culture is not something unique to humans, but what is is - our open-ended understanding of the world that allows us to fractally nest many different subtasks.

Disease: Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) type 1

Patient(s): 13 yo, female and 14 yo, female, both Italian

Variant: VWF NM_000552.5: c.820A>C p. (Thr274Pro)

Dominant negative effect

Heterozygous carrier

Variant located in the D1 domain on VWF

Phenotypes:

heterozygous carriers have no bleeding history

reduced VWF levels compatible with diagnosis of VWD type 1

increased FVIII:C/VWF:Ag ratio, suggests reduced VWF synthesis/secretion as possible phathophysiological mechanism

Normal VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratio

Modest alteration of multimeric pattern in plasma and platelet multimers

plasma VWF showed slight increase of LMWM and decrease of IMWM and HMWM

Platelet VWF showed quantitative decrease of IMWM, HMWM, and UL multimers

In silico analysis:

SIFT, ALIGN, GVD Polyphen 2.0, SNP&GO, Mutation Taster, Pmut all suggest damaging consequences.

PROVEAN and Effect suggest neutral effect

according to ACMG guidelines this variant was classified as pathogenic

Disease: Von Willebrand Disease (VWD)

Patient: 18 yo, Male, heterozygote

Variant: VWF NM_000552.5: c.5456_5842del p.(R1819_C1948delinsS)

Was not present in gnomAD when searched

Dominant negative effect

Phenotypes:

lower collagen-binding capacity

History of bleeding (epistaxis)

gum bleeding

cutaneous bruises

ADAMTS13 resistant

Family: Mother, father, sister are asymptomatic

Suggested as de novo, no picture found in patient's relative of the deletion, loss of A3 loop

for - quote - Yuval Noah Harari - Most information is junk - dominant Silicon Valley view that information is truth is naive

quote - Yuval Noah Harari - (see below) - The basic misunderstanding is about what information does what information is - Information isn't truth - This naive view which dominates in places like Silicon Valley that you just need to flood the world with more and more information and as a result we will have more knowledge and more wisdom - This is simply not true because most information is junk the truth is a very rare and costly kind of information

Bloom's taxonomy is actually a list of three (the cognitive one being the most dominant: me thinking this was the only "taxonomy")

!- comment : dominant narrative of international development - using the tool of EORA I/O tables, the authors refute this argument and transparently show what is happening - the continuation of colonialism extractionism through the vehicle of unequal exchange structurally built into trade inequality unilaterally imposed upon the Global South

Campbell, L., Belam, M., & Lock, S. (2021, December 2). Covid live: Germany set to impose restrictions on the unvaccinated; India detects two cases of Omicron variant. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2021/dec/02/coronavirus-news-live-south-africa-sees-exponential-increase-in-covid-cases-dominated-by-omicron-variant

EMERGENCY STATEMENT ON OMICRON: 15 DECEMBER 2021 | Independent SAGE. (2021, December 15). https://www.independentsage.org/emergency-statement-on-omicron-15-december-2021/

Thomas, T., & Duncan, P. (2021, December 23). If Omicron is the dominant variant in UK, why is the number of confirmed cases so low? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/23/if-omicron-is-the-dominant-variant-in-uk-why-is-the-number-of-confirmed-cases-so-low

Perspective | Even the best-case scenario with omicron will still be bad. (n.d.). Washington Post. Retrieved December 23, 2021, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/12/21/omicron-mild-cases-numbers/

Covid: Dutch go into Christmas lockdown over Omicron wave. (2021, December 18). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-59713503

This sentiment is very similar to one in a recent lecture series I'd started listening to: The Modern Intellectual Tradition: From Descartes to Derrida #.

Lawrence Cahoone specifically pointed out that he would be highlighting the revolutionary (and also consequently the most famous) writers because they were the ones over history that created the most change in their field of thought.

How does the novel and the different manage to break through?

How does this relate to the broad thesis of Thomas S. Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions?

The comment Wengrow makes about "remarking on [an anarchist's] politics" as a means of attacking their ideas is quite similar to the sort of attacks that are commonly made on women. When female politicians make relevant remarks and points, mainstream culture goes to standbys about their voice or appearance: "She's 'shrill'", or "She doesn't look very good in that dress." They attack anything but the idea itself.

GeneName: DICER1 PMID: 29762508 HGNCID: N/A Inheritance Pattern: Autosomal dominant Disease Entity: Cancer Mutation: Germline Zygosity: Heterozygosity Variant: Unregistered Family Information: 12% of children with pleuropulmonary blastomas have cystic nephromas Case: 11 year old patient with Hodgkin lymphoma with DICER1 mutation in 2016.

GeneName: DICER1 PMCID: PMC7859642 HGNCID: Unavailable Inheritance Pattern: Autosomal dominant. Disease Entity: Familial pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), cervix embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, multinodular goiter, nasal chondromesenchymal hemartoma, Ciliary body medulloepithelioma, Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor (SLCT), differentiated thyroid carcinoma, pituitary blastoma, pineoblastoma, cystic nephroma, Wilm's tumor and sarcomas of different sites including, amongst others, the uterine cervix, kidney and brain. Mutation: Germline Zygosity: Heterozygose Variant: No ClinVarID present. Family Information: No family outline Case: No specified information of patients included. CasePresentingHPO's: n/a CasePrevious Testing: n/a gnomAD: n/a Mutation Type: nonsense, frameshift, or splice affected.

gene name: DICER 1 PMID (PubMed ID): 33570641 HGNCID: n/a Inheritance Pattern: autosomal dominant Disease Entity: benign and malignant tumor mutation Mutation: somatic Zygosity: heterozygous Variant: n/a Family Information: n/a Case: people of all sexes, ages, ethnicities and races participated CasePresentingHPOs: individuals with DICER1-associated tumors or pathogenic germline DICER1 variants were recruited to participate CasePreviousTesting: n/a gnomAD: n/a

Germline mutation Heterozygous Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, gynandroblastoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas of the cervix and other sites, multinodular goiter, differentiated and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, cervical-thyroid teratoma, cystic nephroma-anaplastic sarcoma of kidney, nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma, intestinal juvenile-like hamartomatous polyp, ciliary body medulloepithelioma, pituitary blastoma, pineoblastoma, primary central nervous system sarcoma, embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes-like cerebellar tumor, PPB-like peritoneal sarcoma, DICER1-associated presacral malignant teratoid neoplasm and other non-neoplastic associations. Autosomal dominant PMID: 34599283 OMIM 606241, 601200)

Gene Name:DICER1 PMID: 30715996 HGNCID: Not on document Inheritance Pattern: Autosomal Dominant Disease Entity: Pleiotropic Tumor-Predisposition Disorder Mutation: Pathogenic Germline Variants Zygosity: Not in document Variant: Not in document Family Information: An individual was found who had family members who were also affected by this mutation. Because of this, those family members were also chosen to participate in this study. Mutation Type: Missense Case: The study was done on more than one individual. Roughly more than half of the individuals were female

Gene Name: DICER1 PMID:33552988 HGNCID: Unavailable Inheritance Pattern:Autosomal Dominant Disease Entity: familial pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB),cystic nephroma, ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT), multinodular goiter, cervix embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms’ tumor, nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma, ciliary body medulloepithelioma, differentiated thyroid carcinoma, pituitary blastoma, pineoblastoma, and sarcomas of different sites. Mutation: Nonsense, Frameshift<br /> Zygosity: Heterosygosity Variant:No ClinVar ID present Family Information:no diseases mentioned in family Case: no specified case in this article gnomAD: n/a Mutation type: Nonsense. frameshift

GeneName: DICER1 PMID: 28323992 PMCID: PMC5443331 *No HGNCID found Inheritance pattern: autosomal-dominant Disease Entity: multinodular goiter and thyroid cancer Mutation: Germline Zygosity: not listed Variant: c.3726C>A; p.Tyr1242a, c.3675C>G; p.Tyr1225a Family Information: 145 individuals with DICER1 germline mutations from 48 family controls (135 individuals) that lacked the DICER1 mutation Case: male and female carriers as well as family members were studied. Ages: 20, 30, and 40 for both populations (DICER1 carriers were significantly younger than controls}. Population from Great Britain, UK, and USA (no significant difference between race, ethnicity, or sex found). CasePresentingHPOs: no previous therapeutic radiation or chemotherapy. Thyroid cancer or MNG diagnoses were likely reported with the DICER1 mutation CasePreviousTesting: Sequencing performed with Sanger or next-generation sequencing assays. DICER1 carriers underwent testing to obtain thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, thyroxine-binding globulin, and serum albumin levels as well as medical history and physical examinations (+thyroid palpation). Participants were also given thyroid US examinations. gnomAD: n/a Mutation Type: missense

GeneName: DICER1 PMID (PubMed ID): 29762508 HGNCID: Unavailable Inheritance Pattern: Autosomal Dominant Disease Entity: cancer, rare genetic disorder, pleuroplumonary blastomas, cystic nephroma, rhabdomyosarcoma, multinodular goiter, thyroid cancer, overian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, and other meoplasias Mutations: Germline mutations or Somatic mutations Zygosity: Heterozygosity Variant: unregistered Family Information: Cystic nephromas has been reported in approximately 12% of children with pleuripulmonary blastomas or those with a family member with cystic nephroma. Patient with two DICER1 mutations and several of his family members shared these mutations. All members developed a least one type of tumor with differing origins. The patient was an 11-year old boy with a rare Hodgkin lymphoma with DICER1 in 2016. (c.5299delC and c.4616C>T).

GeneName = DICER1 PMID = 29762508 HGNCID = Can't find Inheritance pattern = Autosomal dominant Disease entity = cancer, multinodular goiter, pleuropulmonary blastoma, cystic nephroma, ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor Mutation = germline OR somatic Zygosity = causes loss of heterozygosity Variant = unregistered Family = those with the mutation almost always passed it on

participants in the study reported feeling frustrated by the presence of an expert and dominant member who impeded the development of shared understanding and effort.

GeneName:DICER1 PMID (PubMed ID): PMCID: PMC6418698 PMID: 30672147 HGNCID: NOT LISTED<br /> Inheritance Pattern: Autosomal Dominant Disease Entity: Cancer; benign and malignant tumors including pleuropulmonary blastoma, cystic nephroma, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, multinodular goiter, Thryoid cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, and pineoblastoma. Mutation: Somatic missense variation Mutation type: missense Zygosity: None stated Variant: unregistered…. Family Information: Characterize germline variants in familial early-onset clorectal cancer patients; The observation of germline DICER1 variation with uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma merits additional investigation. CasePresentingHPOs: uterine and rectal cancers in germline mutation

ReconfigBehSci. (2022, February 18). RT @chrischirp: Speaking of which, latest COG UK data shows that BA.2 is dominant already in NI & likely dominant within Scotland & Eng wit… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1494711071839592450

Scott, national medical reporter S., & Thorne, the S. R. T. L. (2021, July 5). The Delta COVID variant is spreading overseas. Here’s why experts say it’s “absolutely essential” to protect children. ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-07-06/children-need-covid-protection-vaccines-experts-say/100269228

Prof. Christina Pagel. (2021, December 29). Omicron was dominant everywhere in England by Christmas https://t.co/x58pJi7VcD [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1476161382852796419

Prof. Christina Pagel. (2021, May 23). LONG THREAD on B.1.617.2 & latest PHE data covering: 1) latest tech report on B.1.617.2 (aka ‘India’ variant) 2) vaccine efficacy against B.1.617.2 3) consequences for roadmap 4) avoidability... Or not. [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1396574267349872644

Prof. Christina Pagel 🇺🇦. (2022, March 8). What could be causing it? Likely combo of: 1—Dominant BA.2 causing more infections (we await ONS!) 2—Reduction in masks, self-isolation & testing enabling more infections 3—Waning boosters in older people esp I worry that we will be stuck at high levels for long time. 2/2 https://t.co/xZ2SLFNVkS [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1501250081693048838

Dr Emma Hodcroft. (2022, January 28). Just to clarify some confusion about what “Omicron” is. “Omicron” has always applied to the whole family (BA.1-3—We’ve known about them all since late-Nov/early-Dec). But the prevalence of BA.1 meant that it got shorthanded as ’Omicron’—That’s causing some confusion now!🥴 https://t.co/M4FwzGbluo [Tweet]. @firefoxx66. https://twitter.com/firefoxx66/status/1486999566725656576

Mike Honey 💉💉💉. (2022, January 27). Here’s the latest variant picture for Australia. BA.1 (Omicron) is still very dominant. The new sub-lineage BA.1.1 (with the Spike R346K mutation) is significant, but not growing rapidly. Https://t.co/LsOCkUQhai [Tweet]. @Mike_Honey_. https://twitter.com/Mike_Honey_/status/1486654152939765766

Prof. Christina Pagel. (2022, January 31). Update on growth of Omicron subvariant BA.2 in England from Wellcome Sanger data. Growing in all regions. The main Omicron variant we’ve had so far is BA.1. There is then its child BA.1.1 with an extra mutation and its brother BA.2 which is pretty different to BA.1. 1/2 https://t.co/iVxrf01P4o [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1488127760291799041

Omicron’s sister variant spreads faster. So why did the one we call Omicron hit first? (2022, February 2). STAT. https://www.statnews.com/2022/02/02/omicron-sister-variant-ba2-spreads-faster/

Kozlov, M. (2022). How does Omicron spread so fast? A high viral load isn’t the answer. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00129-z

Dave McNally. (2022, January 23). For the BA.2 watchers, looks like it doubling roughly every 4 days in the UK at the moment. Would make it the dominant strain around about February 14th. Maybe it is time to move away from the Greek alphabet and move onto their Gods instead. Eros variant? Https://t.co/G6mR5DUkz8 [Tweet]. @OliasDave. https://twitter.com/OliasDave/status/1485048710623076355

Omicron and children: Pediatric hospitals in parts of U.S. filling fast. (n.d.). Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2021, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/12/24/omicron-children-hospitalizations-us/

World Health Organization (WHO). (2021, December 2). Dr @mvankerkhove updates on what we know so far about the new #COVID19 variant of concern, Omicron ⬇️ https://t.co/43jqMUotrX [Tweet]. @WHO. https://twitter.com/WHO/status/1466376465990180864

Arieh Kovler. (2021, November 26). Israel has identified four cases of the B.1.1.529 variant, all recent travellers. One case, a 32-year-old woman returning from South Africa, was triple vaccinated with Pfizer and had her 3rd dose just two months ago. [Tweet]. @ariehkovler. https://twitter.com/ariehkovler/status/1464190991204859919

Benjy Renton. (2021, December 14). New data from CDC finds that the Omicron variant represented 2.9% of new cases in the US last week. Https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions https://t.co/AqM8a1vekm [Tweet]. @bhrenton. https://twitter.com/bhrenton/status/1470765699907870729

Prof. Christina Pagel. (2021, December 13). Https://t.co/bpkyKUYzXS [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1470427357626478593

Harrison, V. (2021, December 2). Omicron variant fuelling ‘exponential’ rise in Covid cases, say South Africa officials. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/02/omicron-variant-fuelling-exponential-rise-in-covid-cases-say-south-africa-officials

These Are The Main Covid Symptoms – But The Government Website Says Otherwise. (2021, September 23). HuffPost UK. https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/covid-symptoms-delta-variant-government_uk_614c5ffce4b098483a72a22b

Baraniuk, C. (2021). Covid-19: How effective are vaccines against the delta variant? BMJ, 374, n1960. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1960

Stolberg, S. G., & Zimmer, C. (2021, April 7). More Contagious Virus Variant Is Now Dominant in U.S., C.D.C. Chief Says. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/07/us/politics/coronavirus-variants-cdc.html

Covid Data Science. (2021) ‘UK Variant B.1.1.7 becoming the dominant strain in the USA - what does it mean for Spring/Summer?’. Accessed 26 March 2021. https://www.covid-datascience.com/post/uk-variant-b-1-1-7-becoming-the-dominant-strain-in-the-usa-what-does-it-mean-for-spring-summer

Facebook, Twitter, options, S. more sharing, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Email, URLCopied!, C. L., & Print. (2021, February 23). California’s coronavirus strain looks increasingly dangerous: ‘The devil is already here’. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2021-02-23/california-homegrown-coronavirus-strain-looks-increasingly-transmissible-and-dangerous

This law tells us that in a heterozygote, one trait is going to mask the presence of another trait that holds the same characteristic. Only the dominant allele will be expressed instead of both.

Belli, S., & Alonso, C. V. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic and Emotional Contagion: Societies facing Collapse [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/gdbw6