The conceptual framework for this study incorporated intersectionality theory and organisational psychodynamic theory, to explore the experiences of 10 black women senior managers working in the Ministry of Justice.

selectively in ways that reinforce the biases against disadvantaged subgroups.

which can result in less activity on disadvantaged-subgroup issues if they believe other organizations are responsible for those issues

advantaged subgroups, who have more resources and influence, receive disproportionately higher levels of attention.

Concern for disadvantaged-subgroup issues is generally lower than for majority or advantaged-subgroup issues.

frame their debates in ways that align with politically dominant views.

organizations frame advantaged-subgroup issues as if they affect more members than they do, while framing disadvantaged-subgroup issues as affecting a smaller portion of their membership.

political opportunities and threats, as well as public support and controversy, can impact advocacy organizations' levels of activity on policy issues

intersectional approach recognizes that marginalized groups face multiple forms of disadvantage and that their interests are not always addressed by single-issue organizations.

identity-based organizations may neglect the concerns of low-income and working-class people.

liberal advocacy groups

Organizations tend to prioritize issues that align with their previous work and that are recognizable as their own, while neglecting issues that cross boundaries

potential benefits, in terms of building a body of knowledge, of developing new indicators and perspectives and of honing existing ones, and of increasing our confidence about strategic and policy recommendations for women’s movement

important for political scientists to understand the conditions under which feminist movements mobilize and act, without assuming that they are always inclusive or representative of all women's movements.

t argues that women's identities are shaped by factors like class, culture, religion, and other institutions.

understand and challenge the specific contexts in which women face oppression

Overall, the text calls for the formation of strategic coalitions across race and national boundaries

intersectional subordination

We shall see that different inequalities have persisted at considerableand unjustified levels on all these dimensions—status, property,power, income, gender, origin, and so on—and, moreover, that indi-viduals often face inequalities in combination.

The term identity politics was born in 1977, when a group of Black lesbian feminists called the Combahee River Collective released a statement defining their work as self-liberation from the racism and sexism of “white male rule”:

intersectionality

All three of the great dictators have enhanced their power by imposing intolerable burdens on their peoples

The historical root~of mod­ern racism, for example, are primarily economic, and while racism is a problem that involve., all white people, how it plays out in white people's lives varies depending on their social class. In some ways, for example, the ,o;;ocial advantage of being white will tend to be more significant for lower-and working-dass whites than it will for whites in lhe middle and upper classes. A la.ck of class privilege can make it more important to draw upon white privilege as a form of compensation. Without taking such patterns into accountl it's difficult 10 know just what something like "race privilege" means

0, ye fairer sisters, whose hands arc never soiled, whose nerves and muscles arc never strained, go learn by experience! Had we had the opportunity that you have had, 10 improve our moral and mental faculties, what would have hin-dered our inlcllccts from hcing as hright, and our manners from hcing as dignified as yours'! I-lad it been our lot to have been nursed in the lap of af-fluence and case, and to have husked beneath lhc smiles and sunshine of fortune, should we not have naturally supposed that we were never made to toil'! And why arc not our forms as deli-cate, and our constitutions as slender, as yours'! Is not the workmanship as curious and complete'! Have pity upon us, have pity upon us, 0 ye who have hearts to feel for other's woes: for the hand of God has !ouched us. Owing to the disadvan-tages under which we labor, there arc many !low-ers among us that arc

That is the story of this country, the story that has brought me to this stage tonight, the story of generations of people who felt the lash of bondage, the shame of servitude, the sting of segregation, but who kept on striving and hoping and doing what needed to be done so that today I wake up every morning in a house that was built by slaves. (CHEERS, APPLAUSE) And I watch my daughters, two beautiful, intelligent, black young women playing with their dogs on the White House lawn.

those less privileged in developed countries

Gridlock