Halasa, N. B. (2022). Effectiveness of Maternal Vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine During Pregnancy Against COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization in Infants Aged 6 Months—17 States, July 2021–January 2022. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 71. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7107e3

Hillson, K., Clemens, S. C., Madhi, S. A., Voysey, M., Pollard, A. J., & Minassian, A. M. (2021). Fertility rates and birth outcomes after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccination. The Lancet, 398(10312), 1683–1684. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02282-0

Abbas-Hanif, A., Modi, N., Smith, S. K., & Majeed, A. (2021). Covid-19 treatments and vaccines must be evaluated in pregnancy. BMJ, n2377. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2377

Gee, S., Chandiramani, M., Seow, J., Pollock, E., Modestini, C., Das, A., Tree, T., Doores, K. J., Tribe, R. M., & Gibbons, D. L. (2021). The legacy of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on the immunology of the neonate. Nature Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-021-01049-2

Villar, J., Ariff, S., Gunier, R. B., Thiruvengadam, R., Rauch, S., Kholin, A., Roggero, P., Prefumo, F., do Vale, M. S., Cardona-Perez, J. A., Maiz, N., Cetin, I., Savasi, V., Deruelle, P., Easter, S. R., Sichitiu, J., Soto Conti, C. P., Ernawati, E., Mhatre, M., … Papageorghiou, A. T. (2021). Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality Among Pregnant Women With and Without COVID-19 Infection: The INTERCOVID Multinational Cohort Study. JAMA Pediatrics, 175(8), 817–826. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.1050

Kanero, J., & Aktan-Erciyes, A. (2021). Parental contributions to language development during the COVID-19. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wvbjd

Nakamura-Pereira, M., Andreucci, C. B., Menezes, M. de O., Knobel, R., & Takemoto, M. L. S. (2020). Worldwide maternal deaths due to COVID-19: A brief review. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 151(1), 148–150. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13328

Racine, Nicole, Rachel Eirich, Jessica Cookee, Jenney Zhu, Paolo Pador, Nicole Dunnewold, and Sheri Madigan. ‘When the Bough Breaks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mental Health Symptoms in Mothers of Young Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic’. PsyArXiv, 7 May 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/u8pnh.

Saso, A., Skirrow, H., & Kampmann, B. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Immunization Services for Maternal and Infant Vaccines: Results of a Survey Conducted by Imprint—The Immunising Pregnant Women and Infants Network. Vaccines, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030556

Shimabukuro, Tom T., Shin Y. Kim, Tanya R. Myers, Pedro L. Moro, Titilope Oduyebo, Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos, Paige L. Marquez, et al. ‘Preliminary Findings of MRNA Covid-19 Vaccine Safety in Pregnant Persons’. New England Journal of Medicine 0, no. 0 (21 April 2021): null. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2104983.

Giesbrecht, G. (2020, October 2). Protocol for the Canadian Pregnancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic study. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/w8hd5

Groulx, T., Bagshawe, M., Giesbrecht, G., Tomfohr-Madsen, L., Hetherington, E., & Lebel, C. (2021). Prenatal care disruptions and associations with maternal mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/fc38j

Joyce, K. M., Cameron, E. E., Sulymka, J., Protudjer, J., & Roos, L. E. (2020). Changes in Maternal Substance Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/htny8

Kc, A., Gurung, R., Kinney, M. V., Sunny, A. K., Moinuddin, M., Basnet, O., Paudel, P., Bhattarai, P., Subedi, K., Shrestha, M. P., Lawn, J. E., & Målqvist, M. (2020). Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic response on intrapartum care, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality outcomes in Nepal: A prospective observational study. The Lancet Global Health, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30345-4

Cameron, E. E., Joyce, K., Delaquis, C., Reynolds, K., Protudjer, J., & Roos, L. E. (2020). Maternal Psychological Distress & Mental Health Services Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/a53zb

See also: Toxoplasmosis- AAPOS

What are the symptoms of newly acquired toxoplasmosis in an adult?

More than 80% of newly infected persons experience no symptoms, and are unlikely to be aware of the infection.

Symptoms may occur following an incubation period of one to two weeks after exposure and include:

*mild fever

*swollen glands

*malaise

*muscle and/or joint pain

*headache

*sore throat, and

*skin rash.

*Eye symptoms may include blurred vision or floaters during active disease.

The diagnosis can be confirmed by detecting antibodies to Toxoplasma in the blood. Swelling of the liver or spleen may be noted, and in rare cases the lungs, brain, liver, or heart may be involved. The condition usually resolves without treatment within a few months.