84 Matching Annotations
  1. Jan 2024
  2. Oct 2023
    1. To keep costs down. While some ARK service providers exist, ARKs can be implemented locally with open-source tools.

      PID Costs

  3. Jul 2023
    1. Das deutsche Bundeskabinett hat den Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Klimaanpassung beschlossen. Das Gesetz verpflichtet Länder und Kommunen, Anpassungsstrategien zu entwickeln. Der Bund selbst muss bis 2024 eine Vorsorgestrategie mit konkreten nachprüfbaren Kennzahlen vorlegen. Die Kosten für die Anpassung bei Bund und Ländern werden bis 2030 auf 55 Milliarden Euro geschätzt. Die Verteilung der Kosten ist noch unklar. Entsiegelungsvorschriften fehlen.

      https://taz.de/Gesetz-fuer-Anpassung-an-den-Klimawandel/!5943821/

  4. Jun 2023
    1. Technology is valuable and empowering, but at what end direct cost? Consumers don't have available data for the actual costs of the options they're choosing in many contexts.

      What if that reprocessing costs the equivalent of three glasses of waters? Is it worth it for our environment, especially when the direct costs to the "consumer" are hidden into advertising models.

      (via Brenna)

  5. Feb 2023
    1. Revenue among the giants leapt 16% in 2021, thanks in large part to escalating sales prices across all housing market segments caused by high demand and overall economic inflation.

      profits of construction builders is up

    2. Land, labor, and materials continue to be the biggest costs among Housing Giants, at the logical expense of sales and marketing investments. Despite cost increases, average net profit leapt to 9.1% in 2021 from 7.8% the year before.

      Evidence toward production costs

  6. Dec 2022
    1. So I’ve started a routine where every few years, I block out a couple of days to sit down and review all my idea tools—and other rituals of how I structure my creative thinking— to see if there's something that can be improved upon.

      As a strategy for avoiding shiny object syndrome, one can make a routine of making a "creative inventory" of one's tools.

      There is generally a high switching cost, so tools need to be an order of magnitude more useful, beneficial, or even fun to make it worthwhile.

  7. Oct 2022
    1. In the interest of reducing warranty claims (which are much more expensive than that incremental manufacturing cost) carmakers are sizing the whole unit to reliably accommodate the worst case draw (driver turns everything on at the same time, at idle).
    1. transferring data across Availability zones within the same region is also a good way to save money

      1) data transferring tip on AWS

    2. When you use a private IP address, you are charged less when compared to a public IP address or Elastic IP address.

      2) data transferring tip on AWS

    3. But when you transfer data from one Amazon region to another, AWS charges you for that. It depends on the AWS region you are and this is the real deciding factor. For example, if you are in the US West(Oregon) region, you have to shell out $0.080/GB whereas in Asia Pacific (Seoul) region it bumps up to $0.135/GB.

      Transferring data in AWS within separate regions is quite costly

    4. When you transfer data between Amazon EC2, Amazon Redshift, Amazon RDS, Amazon Network Interfaces, and Amazon Elasticache, you have to pay zero charges if they are within the same Availability Zone.

      Transferring data in AWS within the same AZ is free

    5. When you transfer data from the internet to AWS, it is free of charge. AWS services like EC2 instances, S3 storage, or RDS instances, when you transfer data from the Internet into these you don’t have to pay any charge for it. However, if you transfer data using Elastic IPv4 address or peered VPC using an IPv6 address you will be charged $0.01/gb whenever you transfer data into an EC2 instance. The real catch is when you transfer data out of any of the AWS services. This is where AWS charges you money depending on the area you have chosen and the amount of data you are transferring. Some regions have higher charges than others.

      Data transfer costs on AWS

    1. we made sure to implement fail safes at each stage of the migration to make sure we could fall back if something were to go wrong. It’s also why we tested on a small scale before proceeding with the rest of the migration.

      While planning a big migration, make sure to have a fall back plan

    2. We mirrored PostgreSQL shards storing cached_urls tables in CassandraWe switched service.prerender.io to Cloudflare load balancer to allow dynamic traffic distributionWe set up new EU private-recache serversWe keep performing stress tests to solve any performance issues

      Steps of phase 3 migration

    3. “The true hidden price for AWS is coming from the traffic cost, they sell a reasonably priced storage, and it’s even free to upload it. But when you get it out, you pay an enormous cost.

      AWS may be reasonably price, but moving data out will cost a lot (e.g. $0.080/GB in the US West, or $0.135/GB in the Asia Pacific)!

    4. In the last four weeks, we moved most of the cache workload from AWS S3 to our own Cassandra cluster.

      Moving from AWS s3 to an own Cassandra cluster

    5. After testing whether Prerender pages could be cached in both S3 and minio, we slowly diverted traffic away from AWS S3 and towards minio.

      Moving from AWS S3 towards minio

    6. Phase 1 mostly involved setting up the bare metal servers and testing the migration on a small and more manageable setting before scaling. This phase required minimal software adaptation, which we decided to run on KVM virtualization on Linux.

      Migration from AWS to on-prem started by: - setting bare metal servers - testing - adapting software to run on KVM virtualization on Linux

    7. The solution? Migrate the cached pages and traffic onto Prerender’s own internal servers and cut our reliance on AWS as quickly as possible.

      When the Prerender team moved from AWS to on-prem, they have cut the cost from $1,000,000 to $200,000, for the data storage and traffic cost

  8. Jul 2022
  9. bafybeibbaxootewsjtggkv7vpuu5yluatzsk6l7x5yzmko6rivxzh6qna4.ipfs.dweb.link bafybeibbaxootewsjtggkv7vpuu5yluatzsk6l7x5yzmko6rivxzh6qna4.ipfs.dweb.link
    1. But educational applications are merely the beginning: the recent development ofgamification applies the mechanisms of game design to enhance focus and motivation for nearlyany kind of activity (Deterding, Dixon, Khaled, & Nacke, 2011; Zichermann & Cunningham,2011). It is used in particular by businesses and organizations to goad people into performing tasksthat are useful for the organization—but not intrinsically rewarding for the individual. Examples areparticipating in surveys, filling in forms, or joining customer loyalty programs. While performingthese activities, respondents are given the kinds of points, “badges”, or bonuses that are used assymbolic rewards in games. This constant feedback motivates them to contribute additionally, so asto attain ever-higher total scores. Moreover, the more points they have gathered already, the lessthey are inclined to lose these points by prematurely stopping the activity—a psychological bias forcontinuity known as “sunk costs” (Garland & Newport, 1991).

      Sunk costs are the time and other resource investments a participant has put into the game. Increasing reputation currency is also another motivator.

  10. Jun 2022
    1. Spreading the Word. Communicating about the concept by highlighting the work of institutions that have established zero-textbook-cost degrees has great potential to attract mainstream media and create an atmosphere of excitement around the idea.

      The library is a great channel for spreading the word. Through the library we can engage with both teachers and learners and can help get them excited over the idea. There are great potential benefits to both sides, as teachers can actually tailor the material to their own contexts and learning goals. And the benefits for students of course is the affordability and access to the resources meaning there is no discrepancy between students who are financially comfortable from those who struggle to afford the basic resource requirement of courses they are enrolled in. it should be a requirement, of public institutions in particular, to make at least the core course work available to the students enrolled.

    1. Cloud costs can be up to 5X higher than traditional on-premise infrastructure. And that while the cloud promise is so beautiful. What is going on? This article gives you more insight into the other side of the coin and shows you that the cloud promise is not the full story.

      Cloud costs are 5X higher than on-premise costs

      Cloud costs can be up to 5X higher than traditional on-premise infrastructure. And that while the cloud promise is so beautiful. What is going on? This article gives you more insight into the other side of the coin and shows you that the cloud promise is not the full story.

  11. Mar 2022
    1. First is that it actually lowers paid acquisition costs. It lowers them because the Facebook Ads algorithm rewards engaging advertisements with lower CPMs and lots of distribution. Facebook does this because engaging advertisements are just like engaging posts: they keep people on Facebook. 

      Engaging advertisements on Facebook benefit from lower acquisition costs because the Facebook algorithm rewards more interesting advertisements with lower CPMs and wider distribution. This is done, as all things surveillance capitalism driven, to keep eyeballs on Facebook.

      This isn't too dissimilar to large cable networks that provide free high quality advertising to mass manufacturers in late night slots. The network generally can't sell all of their advertising inventory, particularly in low viewing hours, so they'll offer free or incredibly cheap commercial rates to their bigger buyers (like Coca-Cola or McDonalds, for example) to fill space and have more professional looking advertisements between the low quality advertisements from local mom and pop stores and the "as seen on TV" spots. These higher quality commercials help keep the audience engaged and prevents viewers from changing the channel.

  12. May 2021
  13. Nov 2020
    1. I think it’ll probably be a few years before we know the full extent to which people were harmed by this. As an example, the hospital in Uppsala experienced 50% fewer admissions due to cardiac infarctions (“heart attacks”) during the peak period, while the hospitals in Stockholm experienced 40% fewer admissions. We know that people who have a cardiac infarction and don’t get emergency treatment have a significantly increased risk of dying in the immediate future, and also have a greater risk of developing long term complications such as heart failure.

      A hospital in Uppsala saw 50% fewer cases of heart attacks during the peak COVID-19 period. The author posits that people might have been avoiding the emergency room out of fear or out of consideration. This might lead to more deaths later, however, as not getting treatment after a heart attack leads to higher chances of developing long-term complications.

    1. Note that when using sass (Dart Sass), synchronous compilation is twice as fast as asynchronous compilation by default, due to the overhead of asynchronous callbacks.

      If you consider using asynchronous to be an optimization, then this could be surprising.

  14. Oct 2020
    1. This is a very dangerous practice as each optimization means making assumptions. If you are compressing an image you make an assumption that some payload can be cut out without seriously affecting the quality, if you are adding a cache to your backend you assume that the API will return same results. A correct assumption allows you to spare resources. A false assumption introduces a bug in your app. That’s why optimizations should be done consciously.
    2. In the vast majority of cases there’s nothing wrong about wasted renders. They take so little resources that it is simply undetectable for a human eye. In fact, comparing each component’s props to its previous props shallowly (I’m not even talking about deeply) can be more resource extensive then simply re-rendering the entire subtree.
  15. Sep 2020
    1. Forwarding events from the native element through the wrapper element comes with a cost, so to avoid adding extra event handlers only a few are forwarded. For all elements except <br> and <hr>, on:focus, on:blur, on:keypress, and on:click are forwarded. For audio and video, on:pause and on:play are also forwarded.
  16. Aug 2020
  17. Jul 2020
    1. Even having useCallback() returning the same function instance, it doesn’t bring any benefits because the optimization costs more than not having the optimization.
  18. Mar 2020
    1. The deceitful obfuscation of commercial intention certainly runs all the way through the data brokering and ad tech industries that sit behind much of the ‘free’ consumer Internet. Here consumers have plainly been kept in the dark so they cannot see and object to how their personal information is being handed around, sliced and diced, and used to try to manipulate them.
    1. Yes, it’s been deprecated. Why? Because too few people were using it to make it worth the time, money, and energy to maintain. In truth, although I sometimes disagree with the operator changes, I happen to agree with this one. Maintaining ALL of the synonyms takes real time and costs us real money. Supporting this operator also increases the complexity of the code base. By dropping support for it we can free up a bunch of resources that can be used for other, more globally powerful changes.
  19. Dec 2019
    1. Hans Moravec argued in 1976 that computers were still millions of times too weak to exhibit intelligence. He suggested an analogy: artificial intelligence requires computer power in the same way that aircraft require horsepower. Below a certain threshold, it's impossible, but, as power increases, eventually it could become easy.[79] With regard to computer vision, Moravec estimated that simply matching the edge and motion detection capabilities of human retina in real time would require a general-purpose computer capable of 109 operations/second (1000 MIPS).[80] As of 2011, practical computer vision applications require 10,000 to 1,000,000 MIPS. By comparison, the fastest supercomputer in 1976, Cray-1 (retailing at $5 million to $8 million), was only capable of around 80 to 130 MIPS, and a typical desktop computer at the time achieved less than 1 MIPS.
  20. Nov 2019
    1. To submit a proposal, a user must bond a set num-ber of Audius tokens (denotedBGP) in the governancesystem, which remain bonded for the duration of theirproposal. Before a proposal's e ective date, the origi-nal submitter can also choose to withdraw the proposalif they so choose, returning their bonded tokens. Thisbond is required as an anti-spam measure and to ensurethat proposers to have a sucient stake in the Audiusprotocol to make changes to it. At the proposal's res-olution (successful, failed, or withdrawn), the bond isreturned to proposal submitter.
  21. Sep 2019
    1. The Ferguson Police are told to bring in as much revenue as possible, those that fail to bring in enough revenue are assigned to different positions or receive discipline.

    1. A prolonged walkout can quickly take a financial toll on car companies because they book revenue only when a vehicle is shipped to a dealership. An assembly-plant shutdown can cost an auto maker an estimated $1.3 million every hour, according to the Center for Automotive Research in Ann Arbor, Mich.
    1. But sustained Saudi outage of several million daily barrels would rattle markets, because of the lack of other players big enough to step in and provide enough supply to cover the shortfall longer term. Even if Saudi officials were successful in restoring all or most of the lost production, the attack demonstrates a new vulnerability to supply lines across the oil-rich Gulf. Tankers have been paying sharply higher insurance premiums, while shipping rates have soared in the region after a series of maritime attacks on oil-laden vessels, which the U.S. has blamed on Iran.
  22. Jun 2019
    1. the doctrine of sunk costs

      when you choose to evaluate the value of an item based on what they can do for you in the future no matter how much value they cost originally.

  23. May 2019
    1. Due to its electrical conductivity, copper is used in electronics, cars, and wires. This makes copper critical for highly developed countries.

      true stuuff

    2. Codelco is a state-owned Chilean mining company and the world’s largest copper producer. Based on their annual report and USGS statistics, they produced ~10% of the world’s copper in 2015 and own 8% of global reserves. They are also a large producer of greenhouse gas emissions. Last year, Codelco produced 3,2 t CO2e/millions tmf from both indirect and direct effects, and in 2011 it consumed 12% of the total national electricity supply.

      Goddamn they should start recylcling

    3. What can Codelco do, then? In addition to cost cutting, Codelco could consider entering the recycling copper industry, as energy prices are driving “virgin” copper costs up.

      thats good

    4. copper mining significantly contributes to climate change.
  24. Apr 2019
    1. Most health care programmes in place are designed to fund only a limited intensity of post-acute care, hence households might end up facing significant costs to fund long-term care in the absence of public support, which might end up impoverishing them and eventually even bankrupting them

      The impact on overall household cost accrual should not be overlooked as the implications on already financially disenfranchised groups would impose compounded disadvantage. This 2018 survey conducted by Carescout covered 440 regions and included 15,500 individual surveys which estimate the median cost of adult day care at $18,720. median cost of assisted living at $48,000, and the median cost of nursing home care at $89,297 annually (https://www.genworth.com/aging-and-you/finances/cost-of-care.html) further contextualizing the overwhelming burden of absorbing long term health cost in the absence of public funding

    2. Kim and Norton (2017) find in the context of the Medicare prospective payment system in the US that for-profit agencies are more responsive than not-for-profit agencies to financial incentives, and therefore contribute disproportionately to the increase in Medicare home health spending under the prospective payment system.

      Effectively targeting exploration on the topic of not-for-profit responsiveness may help mediate the disparate costs associated with home health care. The impact of new technologies should be considered when assessing the ability of these organizations to respond. Saxton, Guo, & Brown (2007) found that limitations in design and content availability profoundly affected the responsiveness of non-profit organizations. These structural barriers should be evaluated by providers to enhance financial sustainability.

      Link: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20447669?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

    3. The policy implications suggest that community services ought to be prioritised, and if cash subsidies are considered they ought to be made conditional on being used on long-term care without substituting pre-existing support

      What we may find through the introduction of conditional subsidies is the impact of cash allowances for mitigating overall household costs in a households with lower socioeconomic statuses. However, varying configurations in the implementation of cash for care models have been shaped by timing, specific regulations and policy context of reforms in European countries currently utilizing these approaches (Roit & Bihan, 2010). This informs perspectives on the generalizability of subsidization outcomes.

      Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3000929/

    4. One of the particular features affecting the financial sustainability of a publicly funded system is the extent of public subsidisation of informal care.

      The subsidisation of informal care has brought with it ongoing debate on both the efficacy and impact for individuals with varying needs of ADL support. In a study conducted by Kim and Lim (2012) findings suggest that institutional care is most cost-effective for individuals partially-dependent on support for several ADL's in that it led to reduction of informal care and medical expenditures whereas cost benefits for home care were higher among individuals that were completely dependent on ADL support through reduced spending on institutional support. Overall a shift from formal care to informal home care seems to be placated here as a financial target for sustainability.

      Link: http://www.columbia.edu/~hk2405/ltc_for_publication_v04.pdf

  25. Mar 2019
  26. www.ahip.org www.ahip.org
    1. provisions in the Proposed Rule that would advance these goals. Examples include proposals that would give states more flexibility in designing network adequacy standards that best meet the needs of enrollees, and give states implementingmanaged care programs the option to continue “pass-through

      In the examples provided Matthew Eyles provides a thoughtful consideration of the possible ways enacting these provisions could work to the benefit of patients. The network changes applauded are largely person centered and in the aim of service delivery and access.

    2. Health plans know that Medicaid needs to work for people who rely on it –and the hardworking taxpayers who pay for it.Studies show that the vast majority of Medicaid enrollees have regular access to care and that they are satisfied with their care.1Medicaid health plans focus on detecting and preventing the progression of chronic diseases, coordinating services across the continuum of care, and delivering programs targeted to individual needs

      Operating loosely from the coordinated specialty care approach the ability of managed care plans to secure services for patients across their diverse needs is a central to the quality of public health and underscores the impact that removing such ability would have on the public at large.

    3. Most notably, we are concernedabout proposedtechnical changes in federal rate-setting standards that would be inconsistent with statutory actuarial soundness requirementswhichensure that payments to Medicaid managed care plans are reasonable and appropriate

      This statement seems to hint at the likelihood that proposals would undermine the efficacy of medicaid to secure services and maintain financial viability over time of implementation. As mentioned by AEH (Americas Essential Hospitals) most organization are operating on little to no profit margin: https://essentialhospitals.org/general/statement-on-house-reconciliation-legislation/ which means that cuts such as these could result in reductions to staff and hospital services overall.

    1. will have the net effect of shifting health insurance costs to low and middle-income patients, significantly reduce the standards of what constitutes quality insurance, curtail the Medicaid expansion and over time substantially reduce over-all Medicaid funding.

      The erosion of medicaid program coverage is what we can see in the horizon under these shifts. Reductions in standards of care, quality assurance and government accountability for public health will inevitable lead to the negligence of service availability for low income and high risk populations. The benefit of these changes will be seen mainly among private interest sectors that have customarily re allocated funds from safety net programs into state budget spending.

    2. Moreover, reduced federal funding combined with state-specific eligibility and enrollment restrictions will likely result in fewer cancer patients accessing needed health care. For low-income individuals these changes could be the difference between an early diagnosis when outcomes are better and costs are less or a late diagnosis where costs are higher and survival less likely.

      Reducing availability of funds for individuals needing treatment adds overwhelming weight to the public health crisis and early intervention leads to reduced health costs and improved overall outcomes. For minority populations these changes could present compounded risk due to already existing disparities in treatment : https://www.cancer.gov/about-nci/legislative/hearings/2000-ethnic-minority-disparities-cancer-treatment.pdf as black americans already face higher rates of overall incidence of cancer and higher rates of death than their white counterparts.

    3. In 2015, approximately 1.5 million people with a history of cancer between 18-64 years old relied on Medicaid for their insurance.  Nearly one-third of childhood cancer patients are insured through Medicaid at the time of diagnosis.

      The implications of lesser coverage would be vast particularly for children insured through medicaid during their time of diagnosis. These individuals may face additional risk to their healthcare assess due to changes in regulatory protections currently being proposed (i.e. protections for pre-existing conditions).

      Joshua Cohens explains the Trumps administrations approach at eroding foundations built within the ACA https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshuacohen/2018/10/08/possible-removal-of-pre-existing-conditions-protections/#edf0450e8aef

  27. Dec 2018
  28. Nov 2018
    1. 2003 amid the push for quality and safety. And while the specialty’s early adoption of those initiatives clearly was a major reason for the exponential growth of hospitalists, Dr. Gorman doesn’t want people to forget that the cost of care was what motivated community facilities.
    1. First, because of cost pressures,managed-care organizations will reward profession-als who can provide efficient care. In the outpatientsetting, the premium on efficiency requires that thephysician provide care for a large panel of patientsand be available in the office to see them promptlyas required. There is no greater barrier to efficiencyTin outpatient care than the need to go across thestreet (or even worse, across town) to the hospital tosee an unpredictable number of inpatients, some-times several times a day. There are parallel pressuresfor efficiency in the hospital. Since the inpatient set-ting involves the most intensive use of resources, itis the place where the ability to respond quickly tochanges in a patient’s condition and to use resourcesjudiciously will be most highly valued. This shouldprove to be the hospitalists’ forte.
    1. Koh et al. (11) detailed a cycle of crisis care elaborating the nature of high medical costs, possibly resulting from fear and denial. First, an individual is in need of medical help, so he or she goes to a physician's office where the staff asks the individual to fill out a complex and confusing form. The physician examines the patient and explains the condition and treatment options using medical jargon. Numerous prescriptions, laboratory tests, and referrals are given without confirmation of the patient's comprehension. The staff sends the patient home with complicated instructions. Inevitably, the patient may consume medication incorrectly or miss follow-up appointments, and his or her condition worsens. Eventually, the patient presents to the emergency department, and the hospital staff develops a new treatment plan. Again, no one confirms the patient's understanding. When the patient is discharged, he or she is likely to get sick again and repeat the cycle (11)
  29. Jun 2018
    1. Block rewards are split 60/30/10 between PoW miners, PoS stakers, and a development fund controlled by community vote.
  30. May 2018
    1. So & Doering (2016) reports that 75% of 1500 students at the University of British Columbia said they had gone without purchasing a textbook for at least one course. The research on cost reveals that the price of commercial textbooks is affecting students not just financially, but also in terms of their learning.
    2. Jhangiani & Jhangiani (2017) report that of over 300 students in British Columbia, 54% said they had not bought a textbook for a course at least once due to cost, 27% said they had taken fewer courses, 26% said they did not register for a particular course because of the cost of the book(s), and 17% said they had dropped or withdrawn from a course.
  31. Mar 2018
    1. negative physical effects of all the time spent sitting working on a screen (which I should have counter balanced more actively through resistance and greater emphasis on physical wellbeing

      physical costs to online work

  32. Mar 2017
  33. Feb 2017
    1. R A N G E O F A D M I N I S TR AT I V E C O N S U LTAT I O N SC O S T S ( 2 0 1 2

      Example of cost estimates for consultations. These costs are lower than the ~$5000/consultation we've seen for other animal species.

  34. Jan 2017
    1. benefits

      Of course they do - but benefits like this cost money. Publishers run businesses; businesses need profits 2 keep shareholders happy. But, so far, the platforms make learning more costly for students.

  35. Jul 2016
    1. Page 29

      it is essential however to recognize that these new opportunities do not benefit all Scholars equally. Investments That Advantage some Scholars will disadvantage others. Technological Investments made her funds from field research, travel to libraries and archives where unique materials are held, and other forms of scholarship that are less dependent on a data-intensive infrastructure.

  36. Feb 2016
    1. On the cost rejected papers add to the peer review system (p. 119): "The cost to the academic community of refereeing was estimated by Tenopir and King in 1997 to be $480/article (based on an average time 3–6 hours per article by each of 2–3 referees). At 2004 levels this is approximately $540 per submitted article. Clearly,the percentage ofpapers which are rejected makes a difference to the over- all cost to the journal; in a reasonable quality journal at least 50% of papers will be rejected, while some top journals (e.g. Nature) may reject as many as 90%. Most articles get published somewhere, and as they work their way through the system, being refereed for different journals, they accumulate additional cost; indeed, it couldbe said that a poor (or, at least, inappropriately submitted) article costs the system much more overall than does a good one."

  37. Nov 2015
    1. This article included an estimate from the system that further backs up the $530 – $640 figures. [Hanley’s] rough estimate: As of a few years ago, learners at the 23-campus, 460,200-student university system were spending $300 million a year on course materials — about $651 per student per school year.

      This graph is the kicker. It is NOT about textbook costs, it's about how much students can afford to spend. The amount hasn't changed, or has gone down, since '02!

  38. Jul 2015
    1. They hire runners to jump fences, break open containers, and sprint away before guards can catch them, earning as much as €10,000 ($11,200) a trip. Stealing PIN codes is more elegant and less risky.
  39. Feb 2014
    1. If we can’t keep raising costs for students (we can’t) and if no one is coming to save us (they aren’t), then the only remaining way to help these students is to make a cheaper version of higher education for the new student majority.