Any patient with chest or back pain with a known or suspected thoracic aorta aneurysm must be brought to the hospital and undergo urgent imaging studies to rule out the aneurysm as a cause of the pain
elective surgical repair is suggested at 5.5 cm in patients without underlying connective tissue disorders, with earlier intervention at 4.5-5.0 cm in patients with connective tissue disorders or bicuspid aortic valve
printed indexes leave the contents almost entirelyuntouched.
That is not the case.It is true, a variety of published indexes, catalogues and biblio-graphies to periodical and other literature exists, but they donot and cannot meet our individual case, for1 Every individual moves in a sphere of his own and coversindividual ground such as a printed index cannot touch.2 Printed indexes although they give usable information,cannot go sufficiently into details, they must studyabove all the common requirements of a number ofsubscribers sufficiently large to assure their existenceand continuance (apart from the question of adver-tising).
Kaiser's argument for why building a personal index of notes is more valuable than relying on the indexes of others.
Note that this is answer still stands firmly even after the advent of both the Mundaneum, Google, and other digital search methods (not to mention his statement about ignoring advertising, which obviously had irksome aspects even in 1911.) Our needs and desires are idiosyncratic, so our personal indexes are going to be imminently more valuable to us over time because of these idiosyncrasies. Sure, you could just Google it, but Google answers stand alone and don't build you toward insight without the added work of creating your own index.
Some of this is bound up in the idea that your own personal notes are far more valuable than the notes someone else may have taken and passed along to you.
But I would do less than justice to Mr. Adler's achieve-ment if I left the matter there. The Syntopicon is, in additionto all this, and in addition to being a monument to the indus-try, devotion, and intelligence of Mr. Adler and his staff, astep forward in the thought of the West. It indicates wherewe are: where the agreements and disagreements lie; wherethe problems are; where the work has to be done. It thushelps to keep us from wasting our time through misunder-standing and points to the issues that must be attacked.When the history of the intellectual life of this century iswritten, the Syntopicon will be regarded as one of the land-marks in it.
p xxvi
Hutchins closes his preface to his grand project with Mortimer J. Adler by giving pride of place to Adler's Syntopicon.
Adler's Syntopicon isn't just an index compiled into two books which were volumes 2 and 3 of The Great Books of the Western World, it's physically a topically indexed card index of data (a grand zettelkasten surveying Western culture if you will). It's value to readers and users is immeasurable and it stands as a fascinating example of what a well-constructed card index might allow one to do even when they don't have their own yet.
Adler spoke of practicing syntopical reading, but anyone who compiles their own card index (in either analog or digital form) will realize the ultimate value in creating their own syntopical writing or what Robert Hutchins calls participating in "The Great Conversation" across twenty-five centuries of documented human communication.
See also: https://hypothes.is/a/WF4THtUNEe2dZTdlQCbmXw
The way Hutchins presents the idea of "Adler's achievement" here seems to indicate that Hutchins didn't have a direct hand in compiling or working on it directly.
I am wholly unsurprised that Harold Innis maintained a card index (zettelkasten) through his research life, but I am pleased to have found that his literary estate has done some work on it and published it. The introduction seems to have some fascinating material on the form and structure as well as decisions on how they decided to present and publish it.
https://www.amazon.com/Idea-Harold-Adams-Innis-Heritage/dp/0802063829/
Another important 20th-century thinker to rely on index cards was pioneering media theo-rist Harold Innis.18 The executors of his estate published a tome called The Idea File (1980),composed of 18 inches of index cards, plus five inches of reference cards. Innis had a selection ofhand-written index cards typed up and numbered, 1 through 339. It is unclear if these rumina-tions on television and art, communication and trade, secrecy and money, literature and the oraltradition, archives and history were intended to constitute a book project; the decision to publishthe cards balances the putative will to posterity of an author, and the potential embarrassmentof incomplete work. Clearly Innis intended to work synchronically rather than diachronically,to focus less on logical connections than on analogies, to practice pattern recognition—andthe associative links of a card index lend themselves perfectly to this kind of project.
During his imprisonment, Gramsci wrote more than 30 notebooks and 3,000 pages of history and analysis. His Prison Notebooks are considered a highly original contribution to 20th-century political theory.
Antonio Gramsci, an Italian Marxist philosopher, journalist, writer, politician, and linguist, was imprisoned from 1926 until his death in 1937 as a vocal critic of Benito Mussolini. While in prison he wrote more than 3,000 pages in more than 30 notebooks. His Prison Notebooks comprise a fascinating contribution to political theory.
Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Zettel. Edited by Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe and Georg Henrik von Wright,. Translated by G. E. M. Anscombe. Second California Paperback Printing. 1967. Reprint, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 2007.
annotation target: urn:x-pdf:15f4a1e48274f28b55eb6f8411c1ff1c
Often fragments on the same topic were clipped together; butthere were also a large number lying loose in the box. Someyears ago Peter Geach made an arrangement of this material,keeping together what were in single bundles, and otherwisefitting the pieces as well as he could according to subject matter.This arrangement we have retained with a very few alterations
This brings up the question of how Ludwig Wittgenstein arranged his own zettelkasten...
Peter Geach made an arrangement of Wittgenstein's zettels which was broadly kept in the edited and published version Zettel (1967). Apparently fragments on the same topic were clipped together indicating that Wittgenstein's method was most likely by topical headings. However there were also a large number of slips "lying loose in the box." Perhaps these were notes which he had yet to file or which some intervening archivist may have re-arranged?
In any case, Geach otherwise arranged all the materials as best as he could according to subject matter. As a result the printed book version isn't necessarily the arrangement that Wittgenstein would have made, but the editors of the book felt that at least Geach's arrangement made it an "instructive and readable compilation".
This source doesn't indicate the use of alphabetical dividers or other tabbed divisions.
WB publish here a collection of fragments made by Wittgensteinhimself and left by him in a box-file
In 1967, G. E. M. Anscombe and G. H. von Wright published a collection of notes from Ludwig Wittgenstein's zettelkasten which they aptly titled Zettel.
https://www.amazon.com/Private-Notebooks-1914-1916-Ludwig-Wittgenstein/dp/1324090804
Notes or diaries or a mixture of both?
Did you see the rest of my post too? If you are reading the replies only in email, don't. Visit the forum and open the thread. Because when we edit a post, you don't receive the modification by email, only the initial post. I added few things to my last one...
Before they were sent, however, the contents of itstwenty-six drawers were photographed in Princeton, resulting in thirty mi-crofilm rolls. Recently, digital pdf copies of these microfilm rolls have been
circulating among scholars of the documentary Geniza.
Prior to being shipped to the National Library of Israel, Goitein's index card collection was photographed in Princeton and transferred to thirty microfilm rolls from which digital copies in .pdf format have been circulating among scholars of the documentary Geniza.
Link to other examples of digitized note collections: - Niklas Luhmann - W. Ross Ashby - Jonathan Edwards
Are there collections by Charles Darwin and Linnaeus as well?
Recently, images ofGoitein’s index cards and transcriptions have been attached to existing tran-scriptions or to shelf marks without transcription, thus increasing the numberof records to over eighty-three hundred (as of May 2018).
S.D. Goitein's index cards have been imaged and transcribed and added to the Princeton Geniza Lab as of May 2018. Digital search and an index are also available.
Three editions were published by Conrad Gessner (Zurich, 1543; Basle, 1549; Zurich; 1559),
Konrad Gessner published three editions of Stobaeus' Anthology (Zurich, 1543; Basel, 1549; and Zurich, 1559).
He would thus have had this as an example of a compilation of excerpts at his disposal and as an example for his own excerpting work.
I feel sympathy for Robert Southey, whose excerpts from his voracious reading were posthumously published in four volumes as Southey’s Common-Place Book. He confessed in 1822 that,Like those persons who frequent sales, and fill their houses with useless purchases, because they may want them some time or other; so am I for ever making collections, and storing up materials which may not come into use till the Greek Calends. And this I have been doing for five-and-twenty years! It is true that I draw daily upon my hoards, and should be poor without them; but in prudence I ought now to be working up these materials rather than adding to so much dead stock.
Klassische Editionen können nur schwer die komplexe Arbeitsweise von Jungius’ abbilden und niemals alle möglichen Querverbindungen aufzeigen. Insbesondere sind thematisch zusammengehörende Stellen oft weit voneinander entfernt abgelegt worden, so dass selbst der bis auf die Ebene der kleinsten Konvolute des Bestands („Manipel“ von durchschnittlich etwa 15 Blatt Umfang) hinunterreichende gedruckte Katalog von Christoph Meinel deren Auffinden nur wenig erleichtert. Ebenso wenig sind sie in der Lage, die Rolle von Zeichnungen und Tabellen oder gar die Informationen auf den Zettelrückseiten adäquat wiederzugeben. Aufgrund dieser Besonderheiten ist der Nachlass Joachim Jungius besonders attraktiv für eine Digitalisierung.
machine translation (Google):
Classic editions can hardly depict Jungius' complex way of working and can never show all possible cross-connections. In particular, passages that belong together thematically have often been filed far apart from each other, so that even the printed catalog by Christoph Meinel, which extends down to the level of the smallest bundles of the collection (“Maniples” averaging around 15 pages in size), makes finding them only slightly easier. Nor are they able to adequately reproduce the role of drawings and tables or even the information on the backs of notes. Due to these special features, the estate of Joachim Jungius is particularly attractive for digitization.
It sounds here as if Christoph Meinel has collected and printed a catalog of Joachim Jungius' zettelkasten. (Where is this? Find a copy.) This seems particularly true as related cards could and would have been easily kept far apart from each other, and this could give us a hint as to the structural nature of his specific practice and uses of his notes.
It sounds as if Stabi is making an effort to digitize Jungius' note collection.
Koerth, M. (2021, November 3). The Science You Need To Make Your COVID-19 Decisions. FiveThirtyEight. https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/covid-19-updates/
Famously, Luswig Wittgenstein organized his thoughts this way. Also famously, he never completed his 'big book' - almost all of his books (On Certainty, Philosophical Investigations, Zettel, etc.) were compiled by his students in the years after his death.
I've not looked directly at Wittgenstein's note collection before, but it could be an interesting historical example.
Might be worth collecting examples of what has happened to note collections after author's lives. Some obviously have been influential in scholarship, but generally they're subsumed by the broader category of a person's "papers" which are often archived at libraries, museums, and other institutions.
Examples: - Vincentius Placcius' collection used by his students - Niklas Luhmann's zettelkasten which is being heavily studied by Johannes F.K. Schmidt - Mortimer J. Adler - was his kept? where is it stored?
Posthumously published note card collections - Ludwig Wittgenstein - Walter Benjamin's Arcades Project - Ronald Reagan's collection at his presidential library, though it is more of an commonplace book collection of quotes which was later published - Roland Barthes' Mourning Diary - Vladimir Nabokov's The Original of Laura - others...
Just as note collections serve an autobiographical function, perhaps they may also serve as an intellectual autobiographical function? Wittgenstein never managed to complete his 'big book', but in some sense, doesn't his collection of note cards serve this function for those willing to explore it all?
I'd previously suggested that Scott P. Scheper publish not only his book on note taking, but to actually publish his note cards as a stand-alone zettelkasten example to go with them. What if this sort of publishing practice were more commonplace? The modern day equivalent is more likely a person's blog or their wiki. Not enough people are publicly publishing their notes to see what this practice might look like for future generations.
u/sscheper in writing your book, have you thought about the following alternative publishing idea which I'm transcribing from a random though I put on a card this morning?
I find myself thinking about people publishing books in index card/zettelkasten formats. Perhaps Scott Scheper could do this with his antinet book presented in a traditional linear format, but done in index cards with his numbers, links, etc. as well as his actual cards for his index at the end so that readers could also see the power of the system by holding it in their hands and playing with it?
It could be done roughly like Edward Powys Mathers' Cain's Jawbone or Henry Korn's Pontoon Manifesto? Perhaps numbered consecutively to make it easier to bring back into that format, but also done with your zk numbering so that people could order it and use it that way too? This way you get the book as well as a meta artifact of what the book is about as an example of how to do such a thing for yourself. Maybe even make a contest for a better ordering for the book than the one you published it in ?
Link to: - https://hyp.is/6IBzkPfeEeyo9Suq-ZmCKg/www.scientificamerican.com/article/reading-paper-screens/
I was fortunate enough to see—and now share with you—a handful of these diaries from 1977 in their original, hand-written form. (A collection of more than three hundred entries, entitled “Mourning Diary,” will be published by Hill and Wang next month.)
Hill and Wang published Mourning Diary by Roland Barthes on October 12, 2010. It is a collection of 330 entries which he wrote following the death of his mother Henriette in 1977.
Kristina Budelis indicates that she saw them in person and reproduced four of them as index card-like notes in The New Yorker (September 2010).
Mullins, M. (2021, November 1). Opinion: The Problem with Preprints. The Scientist Magazine®. https://www.the-scientist.com/critic-at-large/opinion-the-problem-with-preprints-69309
An edited and published volume of Ronald Reagan's commonplace book, which he kept on index cards.
Antonoyiannakis, M. (2021). Does Publicity in the Science Press Drive Citations? ArXiv:2104.13939 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.13939
Disclaimer: This article is being regularly updated with the best recommendations up to date, take a look at a Changelog section.
@7alhashmi: Yes, e.g. the 100 comes from the feature_values table
I guess @7alhashmi deleted their comment that this was in reply to??
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I like the idea in theory, however it doesn’t feel very robust – you are relying on the layout of the page in question. Many authors regularly revisit articles and add new sections and paragraphs. Now your #h2:3 link points to a previous section. (This is far less likely to happen with IDs.)
@H2CO3 Why did you remove your answer? It was the only one explaining what was happening. Or was it incorrect?
not exact match for: removing comment from thread makes other comments not make sense with that context missing
The question talks about stdout but the title mentions stdin. I think the title is wrong.
Refers to old title, as seen here
Trick an application into thinking its stdin is interactive
Antoine R , Valadão Ana Luiza C , Marine T et al. PREPRINT: SARS-CoV-2 replication triggers an MDA-5-dependent interferon production which is unable to efficiently control replication. bioRxiv 2020:2020.10.28.358945. doi:10.1101/2020.10.28.358945.
Rebendenne A, Valadão ALC, Tauziet M, Maarifi G, Bonaventure B, McKellar J, Planès R, Nisole S, Arnaud-Arnould M, Moncorgé O, Goujon C. SARS-CoV-2 triggers an MDA-5-dependent interferon response which is unable to control replication in lung epithelial cells. J Virol. 2021 Jan 29:JVI.02415-20 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02415-20
Bayati A , Kumar R , Francis V et al. PREPRINT: SARS-CoV-2 uses clathrin-mediated endocytosis to gain access into cells. bioRxiv 2020:2020.07.13.201509. doi:10.1101/2020.07.13.201509.
Bayati A, Kumar R, Francis V, McPherson PS. SARS-CoV-2 infects cells following viral entry via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. J Biol Chem. 2021 Jan 18;296:100306 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100306
Zhou Q , Wei X-S , Xiang X et al. PREPRINT: Interferon-a2b treatment for COVID-19. medRxiv 2020:2020.04.06.20042580. doi:10.1101/2020.04.06.20042580.
Zhou, Q., Chen, V., Shannon, C. P., Wei, X.-S., Xiang, X., Wang, X., Wang, Z.-H., Tebbutt, S. J., Kollmann, T. R., & Fish, E. N. (2020). Interferon-α2b Treatment for COVID-19. Front Immunol, 11(1061) https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01061
Baker SA , Kowk S , Berry GJ et al. PREPRINT: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression increases with age in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. medRxiv 2020:2020.07.05.20140467. doi:10.1101/2020.07.05.20140467.
Baker SA, Kwok S, Berry GJ, Montine TJ. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression increases with age in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. PLoS One. 2021 Feb 16;16(2):e0247060 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247060
Wang K , Chen W , Zhou Y-S et al. PREPRINT: SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via a novel route: CD147-spike protein. bioRxiv 2020:2020.03.14.988345. doi:10.1101/2020.03.14.988345.
Wang, K., Chen, W., Zhang, Z. et al. CD147-spike protein is a novel route for SARS-CoV-2 infection to host cells. Sig Transduct Target Ther 5, 283 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00426-x
Zhang L , Jackson CB , Mou H et al. PREPRINT: The D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reduces S1 shedding and increases infectivity. bioRxiv 2020:2020.06.12.148726. doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148726.
Zhang, L., Jackson, C.B., Mou, H. et al. SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein D614G mutation increases virion spike density and infectivity. Nat Commun 11, 6013 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19808-4
Lee IT , Nakayama T , Wu C-T et al. PREPRINT: Robust ACE2 protein expression localizes to the motile cilia of the respiratory tract epithelia and is not increased by ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. medRxiv 2020:2020.05.08.20092866. doi:10.1101/2020.05.08.20092866.
Lee, I.T., Nakayama, T., Wu, CT. et al. ACE2 localizes to the respiratory cilia and is not increased by ACE inhibitors or ARBs. Nat Commun 11, 5453 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19145-6
Cerda P , Ribas J , Iriarte A , et al. ; PREPRINT: D-dimer dynamics in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: potential utility for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. medRxiv 2020:2020.09.21.20193953. doi: 10.1101/2020.09.21.20193953.
Cerdà P, Ribas J, Iriarte A, Mora-Luján JM, Torres R, Del Río B, Jofre HI, Ruiz Y, Huguet M, Fuset MP, Martínez-Yélamos S, Santos S, Llecha N, Corbella X, Riera-Mestre A. Blood test dynamics in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Potential utility of D-dimer for pulmonary embolism diagnosis. PLoS One. 2020 Dec 28;15(12):e0243533. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243533
Meizlish ML , Pine AB , Bishai JD et al. PREPRINT: a neutrophil activation signature predicts critical illness and mortality in COVID-19. medRxiv 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.09.01.20183897.
Meizlish ML, Pine AB, Bishai JD, Goshua G, Nadelmann ER, Simonov M, Chang CH, Zhang H, Shallow M, Bahel P, Owusu K, Yamamoto Y, Arora T, Atri DS, Patel A, Gbyli R, Kwan J, Won CH, Dela Cruz C, Price C, Koff J, King BA, Rinder HM, Wilson FP, Hwa J, Halene S, Damsky W, van Dijk D, Lee AI, Chun HJ. A neutrophil activation signature predicts critical illness and mortality in COVID-19. Blood Adv. 2021 Mar 9;5(5):1164-1177. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003568
Aschenbrenner AC , Mouktaroudi M , Kraemer B et al. PREPRINT: disease severity-specific neutrophil signatures in blood transcriptomes stratify COVID-19 patients. medRxiv 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.07.07.20148395.
Aschenbrenner AC, Mouktaroudi M, Krämer B, Oestreich M, Antonakos N, Nuesch-Germano M, Gkizeli K, Bonaguro L, Reusch N, Baßler K, Saridaki M, Knoll R, Pecht T, Kapellos TS, Doulou S, Kröger C, Herbert M, Holsten L, Horne A, Gemünd ID, Rovina N, Agrawal S, Dahm K, van Uelft M, Drews A, Lenkeit L, Bruse N, Gerretsen J, Gierlich J, Becker M, Händler K, Kraut M, Theis H, Mengiste S, De Domenico E, Schulte-Schrepping J, Seep L, Raabe J, Hoffmeister C, ToVinh M, Keitel V, Rieke G, Talevi V, Skowasch D, Aziz NA, Pickkers P, van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG, Schultze JL, Kox M, Breteler MMB, Nattermann J, Koutsoukou A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Ulas T; German COVID-19 Omics Initiative (DeCOI). Disease severity-specific neutrophil signatures in blood transcriptomes stratify COVID-19 patients. Genome Med. 2021 Jan 13;13(1):7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-020-00823-5.
Falck-Jones S , Vangeti S , Yu M et al. PREPRINT: functional myeloid-derived suppressor cells expand in blood but not airways of COVID-19 patients and predict disease severity. medRxiv 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.09.08.20190272.
Falck-Jones S, Vangeti S, Yu M, Falck-Jones R, Cagigi A, Badolati I, Österberg B, Lautenbach MJ, Ahlberg E, Lin A, Lepzien R, Szurgot I, Lenart K, Hellgren F, Maecker HT, Sälde J, Albert J, Johansson N, Bell M, Lore K, Färnert A, Smed-Sörensen A. Functional monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells increase in blood but not airways and predict COVID-19 severity. J Clin Invest. 2021 Jan 25:144734. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI144734
Lombardi A , Trombetta E , Cattaneo A et al. PREPRINT: early phases of COVID-19 are characterized by a reduction of lymphocyte populations and the presence of atypical monocytes. medRxiv 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.05.01.20087080.
Lombardi A, Trombetta E, Cattaneo A, Castelli V, Palomba E, Tirone M, Mangioni D, Lamorte G, Manunta M, Prati D, Ceriotti F, Gualtierotti R, Costantino G, Aliberti S, Scaravilli V, Grasselli G, Gori A, Porretti L and Bandera A (2020) Early Phases of COVID-19 Are Characterized by a Reduction in Lymphocyte Populations and the Presence of Atypical Monocytes . Front. Immunol. 11:560330. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.560330
Vietzen H , Zoufaly A , Traugott M et al. PREPRINT: NK cell receptor NKG2C deletion and HLA-E variants are risk factors for severe COVID-19. Res Square 2020. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-34505/v1.
Vietzen H, Zoufaly A, Traugott M, Aberle J, Aberle SW, Puchhammer-Stöckl E. Deletion of the NKG2C receptor encoding KLRC2 gene and HLA-E variants are risk factors for severe COVID-19. Genet Med. 2021 Jan 26:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41436-020-01077-7
Zhou Q , Wei X-S , Xiang X et al. PREPRINT: Interferon-a2b treatment for COVID-19. medRxiv 2020:2020.04.06.20042580.
Zhou Q, Chen V, Shannon CP, Wei X-S, Xiang X, Wang X, Wang Z-H, Tebbutt SJ, Kollmann TR and Fish EN (2020) Interferon-α2b Treatment for COVID-19. Front. Immunol. 11:1061. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01061
Simadibrata DM , Calvin J , Wijaya AD et al. PREPRINT: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on admission to predict the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis. medRxiv 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.09.14.20191098.
Simadibrata DM, Calvin J, Wijaya AD, Ibrahim NAA. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on admission to predict the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2021; 42: 60– 69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2021.01.006.
Zhang D , Guo R , Lei L et al. PREPRINT: COVID-19 infection induces readily detectable morphological and inflammation-related phenotypic changes in peripheral blood monocytes, the severity of which correlate with patient outcome. medRxiv 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.03.24.20042655.
Zhang, D, Guo, R, Lei, L, et al. COVID‐19 infection induces readily detectable morphological and inflammation‐related phenotypic changes in peripheral blood monocytes. J Leukoc Biol. 2021; 109: 13– 22. https://doi.org/10.1002/JLB.4HI0720-470R
Write modules for publication, even if you only use them privately. You will appreciate documentation in the future.
Note: This question has been edited since it was asked. The original title was "Test whether a glob has any matches in bash". The specific shell, 'bash', was dropped from the question after I published my answer. The editing of the question's title makes my answer appear to be in error. I hope someone can amend or at least address this change.
Anyone who’s ever worked with me knows that I place a very high value on what ends up checked-in to a source code repository.
The reason for this is very simple: once code gets checked-in, it takes on a life of its own.
Checking in is akin to sharing your code with others, and once out in the world, it’s hard to predict what that code will do.
Andrew Althouse on Twitter: “@brnichols8744 @JeremySussman @FinancialGonzo @venkmurthy Many scientists use Twitter to carry on conversations (with varying degrees of formality) about published papers, the good, bad, and ugly. The people in this conversation all do this frequently. None of us are anti-science (cont...)” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved August 18, 2020, from https://twitter.com/ADAlthousePhD/status/1295168734219337738
"that text has been removed from the official version on the Apache site." This itself is also not good. If you post "official" records but then quietly edit them over time, I have no choice but to assume bad faith in all the records I'm shown by you. Why should I believe anything Apache board members claim was "minuted" but which in fact it turns out they might have just edited into their records days, weeks or years later? One of the things I particularly watch for in modern news media (where no physical artefact captures whatever "mistakes" are published as once happened with newspapers) is whether when they inevitably correct a mistake they _acknowledge_ that or they instead just silently change things.
Zimmer, C. (2020, June 1). How You Should Read Coronavirus Studies, or Any Science Paper. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/article/how-to-read-a-science-study-coronavirus.html
The letters that were exchanged among the membership of the Royal Society in the mid-17th century, and that were later gathered into journals, gradually accrued formalized processes of review, editing, production, and distribution. In creating this new product —the scholarly journal—learned societies found one part of the financial model that would allow them to serve their larger goals. Scholars were encouraged to join and maintain their memberships in order to receive the journal. In addition to memberships made available to individuals, journal subscriptions were created for libraries, allowing academic institutions to help support the organizations that facilitated, validated, and circulated the work of their faculty members.
History of journals from letters
Figure 3 illustrates at what age ceased ‘indie’ journals stopped publishing. Most journals survived the first 2–5 years period, whereas the mortality rate rose in the critical 6–9 years period. After that, the number of journals ceasing dropped sharply, indicating that the surviving journals had found stability.
Most critical period for journals is 6-9 years. After year ten, the number of journals that stop drops quickly
The development over time of active ‘indie’ OA journals before and after 2002 is shown in Figs. 1A and 1B. A journal was counted as ‘active’ in a particular year if it was still publishing articles in that year. Before 2002 the number of active journals grew very rapidly from a total of 76 journals in 1995 to 207 journals in 2002. The year 2002 was the cut-off year to be included in the studied cohort, meaning that no new journals were added to the data set after this point in time. After 2002, the number of journals in the cohort decreased steadily to the 127 that stayed active in 2014.
Interesting charts showing the rise and then decline of independent, scholar-published OA journals
The average number of articles published was 31 per year with 74% publishing 0–30 articles, and 9% 60 or more. The study also contains interesting data about the workload done, revenues etc.
Average numbers of articles in OJS journals: 31
“The key question for OA publishing is whether it can be scaled up from a single journal publishing model with relatively few articles published per year to a comprehensive major journal with of the order of 50–100 articles annually.” They further note: “The continuation of the journal relies very heavily on the personal involvement of the editor and is as such a risk to the model. Employing staff to handle, for example, management, layout and copyediting tasks, is a cost-increasing factor that also is a threat to the model.” Both questions are still highly relevant today.
Key issues facing scholar-published journals: can they ramp up; can they survive succession.
Often the enthusiasm of the founders and their personal network can carry a volunteer-based journal for a few years. But at that same time this type of journal, which lack the support of employed staff and a professional publishing organization, are threatened by many dangers. The editor may change affiliation or retire, or the support of the university hosting the journal might be withdrawn. Authors may stop sending in good manuscripts and it may become more and more difficult to find motivated reviewers. Not being included in the Web of Science, and the impact factor that follows, may in the long run limit the number of submissions severely. On the positive side of the balance the emergence of open source software for publishing (i.e., Open Journals System) and cheap or free hosting services like Latin American Scielo have facilitated the technical parts of publishing.
Problems with Scholar-published journals
Open Access (OA) is nowadays increasingly being used as a business model for the publishing of scholarly peer reviewed journals, both by specialized OA publishing companies and major, predominantly subscription-based publishers. However, in the early days of the web OA journals were mainly founded by independent academics, who were dissatisfied with the predominant print and subscription paradigm and wanted to test the opportunities offered by the new medium. There is still an on-going debate about how OA journals should be operated, and the volunteer model used by many such ‘indie’ journals has been proposed as a viable alternative to the model adopted by big professional publishers where publishing activities are funded by authors paying expensive article processing charges (APCs). Our longitudinal quantitative study of 250 ‘indie’ OA journals founded prior to 2002, showed that 51% of these journals were still in operation in 2014 and that the median number of articles published per year had risen from 11 to 18 among the survivors. Of these surviving journals, only 8% had started collecting APCs. A more detailed qualitative case study of five such journals provided insights into how such journals have tried to ensure the continuity and longevity of operations.
Abstract
A longitudinal study of independent scholar-published open access journals
Björk, Bo-Christer, Cenyu Shen, and Mikael Laakso. 2016. “A Longitudinal Study of Independent Scholar-Published Open Access Journals.” PeerJ 4 (May). peerj.com: e1990. doi:10.7717/peerj.1990.