I also look tofocus my attention on how the physical layout of the different parts of theroom are socially editedand coproduced as spaces(Ma and Munter, 2015)for different kinds of participationin learning.

Rethinking culture as dynamic, instrumental, and co-created also takes us beyond deficit and essentialist views about cultural communities and provides a way to under-stand what is cultural about learning across the activities of people’s lives, as well as how culture and the individual are both transformed through the process of learning (Gutiérrez & Arzubiaga, 2012)